the crusades
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Crusade"If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will find it.”
-- Matthew 16:24-25
![Page 3: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TERMS LIST• East/West Schism (1054)
– Vicar of Christ– Ecumenical Patriarch
• Seljuk Turks• Alexius I• Urban II• Jerusalem
– Holy City for Three Religions• First Crusade (1095)
– People’s Crusade• Peter the Hermit• Infidels• Antisemitism• Usury
– Prince’s Crusade• Godfrey of Bullion• Indulgence
– Crusader Kingdoms• Pilgrim• Knights Hospitaller• Knights Templar• Second Crusade• Saladin• Third Crusade• Richard I• Fourth Crusade
– Sack of Constantinople
• Legacies of the Crusades
![Page 4: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Vicar of Christ
Peter
Popes
Current Pope
Christ Handing the Keys to St Peter Pietro Perugino (1481-82)
![Page 5: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
East/West Schism1054 A.D.
Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church
Pope (Bishop of Rome) Patriarch of Constantinople
Western Europe Eastern EuropeMiddle East
Papal Supremacy Papal Supremacy
Filioque Filioque
1054 – Mutual Excommunication
![Page 6: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
JerusalemHoly to Three Religions
![Page 7: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Byzantine Request for Assistance
• Pope Urban II– Called First Crusade (1095)
• “God wills it!”
The First Crusade1096-1099
![Page 9: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The First Crusade1096-1099
• Mission:– Capture Jerusalem–Make it safe for pilgrims
• Urban II (Pope)– Speech @ Council of Clermont
• Godfrey of Bouillon – Sold Lands to raise army
• SUCCESS• Crusader Kingdoms established
![Page 10: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Indulgence
SinsCrusade
![Page 11: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Godfrey of Bouillon“Defender of the Holy Sepulcher”
• Refused Royal Title– Later Christian Rulers
of Jerusalem accepted the title of King.
![Page 12: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Crusader Kingdoms(in shades of green)
Principality of AntiochCounty of EdessaKingdom of JerusalemCounty of Tripoli
![Page 13: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pilgrims• It’s not just about turkey.
• A pilgrim is anyone who makes a religious journey.– It was common for
Christians to make pilgrimages to holy sites during the Middle Ages.
– e.g., Canterbury Tales
![Page 14: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pilgrims
Pilgrims needed protection on the long, treacherous road to the Holy Land.
![Page 15: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Military Orders
Christian:• Knights Hospitaller • Knights Templar• Teutonic Knights
Islamic:• Nizari (Hashashin)
![Page 16: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Knights HospitallerOrder of St. JohnPower Base: Antioch
MOTTO:TUITIO FIDEI ET OBSEQUIUM PAUPERUMDefense of the Faith and Service to the Poor
Managed hospitals for pilgrimsArmed Escort for PilgrimsProtectors of Holy Land
Crusades, Part 2, 12m
![Page 17: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Knights Templar
Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon
Power Base: Jerusalem
“Knights of the Temple”Defended PilgrimsGrew Wealthy
![Page 18: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Knights Templar
1307 – Templars proscribed by the Pope
Templar Banks
![Page 20: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
JIHAD• “Struggle” / “Holy War”• Islam strikes back (12th c.)– Edessa Re-captured
![Page 21: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Second Crusade1045-1149
• Mission:–Recapture Edessa
• Louis VII–King of France
• Success Level:– EPIC FAIL
![Page 22: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Saladin
Nur ad-Din / Saladin 36mStatue of Saladin in Damascus
![Page 23: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Saladin
• United Muslims• Captured Jerusalem (1187)
![Page 24: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hashashin
• Nizari (Shia Sect)• “Assassins”• Nickname applied
by Sunni enemies
Crusades video, Part 2, 42 mins
![Page 25: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Third Crusade1189-1192
• Mission: Recapture Jerusalem
• Richard I (the Lionheart)–King of England
• Recaptured Acre• Failed to recapture
Jerusalem, but Richard defeated Saladin in battle
Compare to First Crusade MapCompare to Third Crusade Map
![Page 26: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Fourth Crusade1202-1204
• Mission: – Invade Jerusalem
through Egypt– Venetian Ships
• EPIC FAIL• Sack of
Constantinople
![Page 27: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Shroud of Turin
![Page 28: The Crusades](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5562c135d8b42a13618b50bb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Legacies of the Crusades
• Increased Power of Kings and the Papacy• Reopening of East/West Trade• Rise of Italian City-States• Permanent Decline of the Byzantine Empire• Strained Christian/Jewish and Christian/Muslim
relations• Cemented East/West split of the Christian
Church