The Conservative Resurgence The Conservative Resurgence 1980-19931980-1993Chapter 32

What was the conservative resurgence, and how did it affect the domestic and foreign policy of the United States?

Standards

• Element: SSUSH25.d

• Describe domestic and international events of Ronald Reagan's presidency including Reagonomics, the Iran-contra scandal and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The Conservative Movement GrowsThe Conservative Movement GrowsSection 1

• What spurred the rise of conservatism in the late 1970s and early 1980s?

• Vocabulary:

-liberal unfunded mandate

-conservative Moral Majority

-New Right Ronald Reagan

The Conservative Movement Grows

Two Views: Liberal and Conservative  Main Idea: In the end of the twentieth century, the two major political parties in the United States were labeled as Republican and conservative or Democrat and liberal.

The Conservative Movement Gains Strength

Main Idea: In the late 1970s, liberal policies were criticized for causing problems and a rise in the conservative movement occurred.

Reagan Wins the Presidency

Main Idea: Ronald Reagan’s background as an entertainer gave him an easy communication style that helped him win the presidential election of 1980.

Reading Skill: SummarizeNOTE TAKING

Two Viewpoints: Liberal and ConservativeQUICK STUDY

Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan

• Movie actor

• Democrat, who switched to the Republican Party

• Governor of California

• Defeats Jimmy Carter in 1980

• New Right: coalition of conservative groups

Winning the SouthTRANSPARENCY

Presidential Election of 1980MAP

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The Reagan RevolutionThe Reagan RevolutionSection 2

• What were the major characteristics of the conservative Reagan Revolution?

• Vocabulary:

-supply-side economics voucher

-Savings and Loan crisis AIDS

-budget deficit deregulation

-national debt

The Reagan RevolutionReaganomics Guides the Economy

Main Idea: Reagan implemented many economic policies based on supply-side economics or “Reaganomics,” the idea that if taxes are reduced the economy will grow.

Conservative Strength Grows

Main Idea: Reagan easily won reelection, and used his power to appoint several conservative Supreme Court judges and get George H.W. Bush elected as his successor.

Confronting Challenging Issues

Main Idea: The rising cost of Social Security, the education system, and a new disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), were some of the many new problems that arose in the United States in 1980s.

Witness

Reagan’s PoliciesReagan’s Policies

• Supply-side economics: focused on the supply of goods; cutting taxes would put more money into the hands of businesses and investors; businesses would then hire more people and produce more goods and services, making the economy grow

• Reagan reduced taxes and tried to reduce spending

• New Federalism: plan to give states more control over the use of federal aid

• Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or “Star Wars”: massive satellite shield to intercept Soviet missiles

Second TermSecond Term

• Appoints Sandra Day O’Connor: the first female justice on the Supreme Court

• AIDS: acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome

• Savings and Loan scandal

• Iran-contra affair: Marxist Sandinistas in control in Nicaragua; Contras supported by U.S. government;

• Congress cut of military aid; officials took profits from secret arms sales to Iran and sent money to contras

Reading Skill: Identify Main IdeasNOTE TAKING

Comparing Supply-Side and Keynesian EconomicsCHART

Political Cartoons: Reagan’s Foreign PolicyTRANSPARENCY

A Snapshot of the Reagan YearsINFOGRAPHIC

Reagan’s LegacyReagan’s Legacy

• Reagan had good relationship with Mikhail Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union

• Glasnost: “political openness”

• Perestroika: “restructuring”

• INF Treaty: destruction of 2,500 Soviet and American missiles in Europe

• Reagan told Gorbachev to “tear down that wall”

George H. W. BushGeorge H. W. Bush

• Wins the Election in 1988

• World War II hero

• “Iron Curtain” comes down and the Soviet Union dissolves

• Poland holds a free election and chooses Lech Walesa

• Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty ( START I) reductions in nuclear weapons

• Persian Gulf War, 1991; kicks Hussein out of Kuwait

George BushGeorge Bush

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The End of the Cold WarThe End of the Cold WarSection 3

• What were Reagan’s foreign policies, and how did they contribute to the fall of communism in Europe?

• Vocabulary:

-SDI glasnost

-Contras perestroika

-Mikhail Gorbachev Iran-Contra affair

The End of the Cold War

Reagan Challenges Communism  Main Idea: Reagan increased federal defense spending and provided support to anticommunist rebels in foreign counties. Gorbachev, the new leader of the Soviet Union, realized he could not match the buildup and pursued reform, leading to peace talks between the two nations.

The Cold War Ends

Main Idea: East Germany’s communist government fell in 1989, followed by communists losing power in many other Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union splitting into numerous independent nations in 1991.

Trouble Persists in the Middle East

Main Idea: The Middle East continued to be a source of conflict, including the Iran-Contra affair, a scandal that tarnished Reagan’s reputation.

Reading Skill: SequenceNOTE TAKING

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Federal Defense Spending, 1978-1990CHART

Political Cartoons: A Bumpy Ride?ANALYZE

The End of CommunismTRANSPARENCY

Reading Skill: Identify Main IdeasNOTE TAKING

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Foreign Policy After the Cold WarForeign Policy After the Cold WarSection 4

• What actions did the United States take abroad during George H.W. Bush’s presidency?

• Vocabulary:

-Manuel Noriega divest

-Tiananmen Square Saddam Hussein

-apartheid Nelson Mandela

-Operation Desert Storm

Foreign Policy After the Cold War

A New Role in the World

Main Idea: Bush dealt with drug traffickers in Latin America, China’s harsh treatment of protestors, free elections starting in South Africa, and human rights issues in Somalia.

The Persian Gulf War

Main Idea: When Iraq’s dictator, Saddam Hussein, invaded Kuwait and attempted to gain control of their oil deposits, American troops were sent.

Reading Skill: SummarizeNOTE TAKING

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

• Latin America and the war on drugs• Tiananmen Square in China 1989• Nelson Mandela released from jail; elected

leader in 1994 in South Africa• Somalia• Persian Gulf War – Saddam Hussein

Tiananmen Square ProtestsTRANSPARENCY

Desert StormDesert Storm

• Colin Powell – American Joint Chiefs of Staff leader

• Norman Schwarzkopf commander • 1991 coalition troops stormed into Kuwait and

Iraq• Hussein forced to leave Kuwait

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