the college completion agenda...the college completion agenda 2011 progress report presented data...

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TheCollege Completion Agenda2012Progress Report

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Acknowledgments The author is grateful for the substantive and editorial contributions of her College Board colleagues: Christen Pollock, vice president, Advocacy & Policy Center; Bradley Quin, executive director, Higher Education Advocacy & Special Initiatives; Jessica Howell, executive director of policy research, Advocacy & Policy Center; Annika Many, senior director, Advocacy & Policy Center; and Jennifer Ma, independent policy analyst. The author also thanks Renée Gadsby for her superb management of this complex project.

The Advocacy & Policy Center extends special appreciation to the College Board Commission on Access, Admissions and Success in Higher Education and its chairman, Chancellor William “Brit” Kirwan, for providing the framework for the College Completion Agenda. The Commission members continue to be esteemed partners of the College Board in championing college completion.

TheCollege Completion Agenda2012Progress Report

Katherine HughesCollege Readiness InitiativesCollege Board Advocacy & Policy Center

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The Goal: Increase the proportion of 25- to 34-year-olds who hold an associate degree or higher to 55 percent by the year 2025 in order to make America the leader in education attainment in the world.

55% by2025

completionagenda.collegeboard.org

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Introduction At the end of 2008, the College Board’s Commission on Access, Admissions and Success in Higher Education issued its action agenda for increasing the proportion of Americans with college credentials. The commission’s report, Coming to Our Senses: Education and the American Future, called for an increase in the proportion of the nation’s young adults — those ages 25 to 34 — who hold a two- or four-year college degree to 55 percent by 2025. It also identified 10 priority areas across the education spectrum — from preschool education to dropout prevention to college affordability — to be tracked over time and evaluated for progress.

The college completion agenda is a national agenda. Many prominent organizations and foundations have come together, along with the U.S. Department of Education, to raise awareness of the need for a better-educated population and to find ways to increase college completion. The College Board advances this agenda and is unique in representing thousands of secondary and postsecondary institutions and engaging this membership behind its goal.

A little more than four years after the commission’s report was released, there are some signs of improvement. While it is still far from certain that we will achieve “55 by ’25,” the College Board Advocacy & Policy Center’s College Completion Agenda 2012 Progress Report shows that some of the primary indicators have moved in the desired direction. According to U.S. Census data from 2011, 43.1 percent of Americans ages 25 to 34 hold a two- or four-year college degree, an increase of two percentage points from the 2009 figure.

Examining a smaller subset of young adults, the Pew Research Center for Social and Demographic Trends announced in 2012 that record shares of Americans ages 25 to 29 have a high school credential (including GEDs) and at least a bachelor’s degree.1 Ninety percent of those in that age range have completed high school, up from 86 percent in 2006, and fully one-third have bachelor’s degrees or higher. The Pew Center points out that these increases have occurred despite demographic changes in our country that were predicted to produce a decline in education attainment. In addition, bachelor’s degree attainment for males, blacks, and Hispanics, while lower than the overall national average, is rising.

Another newly released report provides a fuller — and more positive — picture of college completion than we have had previously.2 Advances in the ability to track students in order to take account of those who begin at one college but


OneProvide a program of voluntary preschool education, universally available to children from low-income families.

TwoImprove middle and high school college counseling.

ThreeImplement the best research-based dropout prevention programs.

FourAlign the K–12 education system with international standards and college admission expectations.

FiveImprove teacher quality and focus on recruitment and retention.

SixClarify and simplify the admission process.

Seven & EightProvide more need-based grant aid while simplifying the financial aid system and making it more transparent. Keep college affordable.

NineDramatically increase college completion rates.

TenProvide postsecondary opportunities as an essential element of adult education programs.

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complete at another show higher graduation rates than reported before. The report finds that, for students who entered postsecondary education for the first time in the fall of 2006, 54.1 percent had earned a college credential six years later. Failure to properly count those who completed somewhere other than their original institution would show a rate of only 42 percent. Thus, researchers’ ability to follow increasingly mobile students enables a more accurate picture of completion.

The push toward improved college completion and attainment has to some extent been driven by comparisons with international data that seem to show the United States falling behind much of the rest of the developed world. The College Completion Agenda 2011 Progress Report presented data from 2008 that placed the United States 12th of 36 nations in terms of the percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds with an associate degree or higher, and data from 2009 show that the U.S. fell to 16th. Between those years, the percentage of American adults in that age range with a postsecondary degree declined from 41.6 to 41.1, while most of the comparison countries made gains.

Yet, according to the most recently released international figures, the United States’ rank has improved to 14th. And, when one examines associate degrees separately from bachelor’s degrees, the picture becomes an even more positive one. Analyses that separate the attainment of two-year degrees from the attainment of bachelor’s degrees and above show that the United States is not as far behind in the latter.3 Where the U.S. has been lagging internationally is in sub-baccalaureate attainment. But here, too, we find a reason for optimism: The number of associate degrees awarded annually is increasing at a rapid pace. This trend is visible from the 1990s to the 2000s, leading to an increase of almost 100,000 associate degrees from 2010 to 2011. As one expert has pointed out, improving completion rates at our community colleges — which enroll millions of low-income, first-generation and nonwhite students — contributes to educational equity.4

Despite these advances, the U.S. still has much ground to cover to align the many aspects of our education system toward increased postsecondary attainment, particularly for groups historically underrepresented in higher education. This year’s College Completion Agenda Progress Report includes numerous indicators that are not showing the rapid advancement to which we aspire. Further, the U.S. is still emerging from a serious economic recession that, while encouraging many to pursue higher education, depressed incomes for many of those trying to afford it. This report highlights selected indicators from the commission’s 10 areas of recommendation. Many more indicators can be found on the College Completion Agenda website: completionagenda.collegeboard.org.


5completionagenda.collegeboard.org

99,288

62,3599,180

86,945Associate Degrees

Master’s Degrees

Doctoral Degrees

Bachelor’s Degrees

A greater degree of achievementFrom 2008 to 2010, our nation made significant progress in the overall number of degrees earned, with the greatest increases occurring in associate and bachelor’s degrees.

In 2010 our nation earned

257,772more degrees than in 2008

Represents approximately 1,000 degrees

earned

Source: NCES, Condition of Education, 2010

6

50

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40% 30% 10%20%

Percentage of 25- to 34-Year-Olds with an Associate Degree or Higher, 2010Source: Organisation for Economic and Co-operation and Development, 2012

Notes: Total attainment figures were calculated from non-rounded statistics. These are the most recent OECD comparison figures available. Readers should be aware that elsewhere this report cites more recent attainment statistics from other sources.

* Data breakdown not available

Degree Type

Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

Associate Degree

Global attainment landscapeData from 2010 show the United States placing 14th of 36 countries in terms of the percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds with an associate degree or higher. When looking at attainment of bachelor’s degrees and above for this age group, the United States ranks 11th.

completionagenda.collegeboard.org 7

TwoOneProvide a program of voluntary preschool education, universally available to children from low-income families.

WE RECOMMEND that states provide a program of voluntary, high-quality preschool education, universally available to 3- and 4-year-old children from families at or below 200 percent of the poverty line.

In 2010, one in five children under 18 lived in poverty; the rate was double for those living with single mothers.5 We know that poor students are less likely to do well in school, and college enrollment rates of low-income high school graduates in 2010 were considerably lower than those for students from high-income families (52 percent versus 82 percent).6 Thus, preschool education, particularly for children of low-income families, is a vital first step on the path to equitable college readiness.

Data on the overall percentage of young children enrolled in preschool show only small increases in participation. Participation in Head Start programs, in particular, is fairly flat.

completionagenda.collegeboard.org8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Oklahoma Vermont**

Florida West Virginia

GeorgiaWisconsin**

TexasArkansas

IllinoisNew Jersey

New YorkSouth Carolina

KentuckyIowa

NebraskaMarylandLouisiana

UNITED STATESCaliforniaColorado

MaineNorth Carolina

KansasTennessee

Pennsylvania**Connecticut

Massachusetts**New Mexico

MichiganVirginiaOregon

WashingtonDelawareAlabamaMissouriArizona

OhioNevada

Minnesota**Alaska

Rhode IslandHawaii*

Idaho*Indiana*

Mississippi*Montana*

New Hampshire*North Dakota*South Dakota*

Utah*Wyoming*

35.1%35.1%33.7%31.7%27.2%26.1%25.9%24.8%24.8%22.6%22.6%20.1%19.5%19.4%19.0%17.5%17.0%15.3%13.4%13.2%12.6%11.9%11.8%10.9%10.7%10.0%8.8%8.1%8.0%7.1%6.6%4.5%3.6%3.1%2.7%2.1%1.8%1.5%1.2%1.0%0.5%NANANANANANANANANANA

1.2a Percentage of 3- and 4-Year-Olds Enrolled in State-Funded Pre-K Programs by State Rank, 2010

17

U.S. Average

23†

States

States

AVG

15.3%

Percentage of 3- and 4-Year-Olds Enrolled in State-Funded Pre-K Programs by State Rank, 2010Source: National Institute for Early Education Research, Rutgers Graduate School of Education, The State of Preschool, 2010 Note: The District of Columbia is not included.

† Indicator data not available for all states. *No state-funded program. ** At least one program in these states did not break down total enrollment figures into specific numbers of 3- and 4- Year-Olds served. As a result, the figures in this table are estimates.

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendation One 9

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MississippiDistrict of Columbia

LouisianaWest Virginia

KentuckyMichiganAlabamaArkansas

OklahomaOhio

MontanaNorth DakotaNew Mexico

South DakotaIllinois

South CarolinaMissouri

WyomingMaine

PennsylvaniaNew York

TennesseeVermont

UNITED STATESCalifornia

WisconsinIowa

KansasNebraska

HawaiiRhode Island

IndianaConnecticut

FloridaGeorgia

MassachusettsNorth Carolina

MarylandNew Jersey

MinnesotaDelaware

AlaskaColorado

VirginiaArizonaOregon

IdahoWashington

UtahNew Hampshire

TexasNevada

29.5%18.0%17.2%16.7%13.0%12.6%12.4%12.1%11.9%11.6%11.0%11.0%10.8%10.3%9.8%9.6%9.5%9.5%9.2%9.1%9.1%9.0%8.8%8.6%8.3%8.3%8.2%8.2%8.0%7.9%7.5%7.4%7.2%7.0%6.8%6.6%6.6%6.4%6.2%6.2%6.0%5.9%5.8%5.8%5.7%5.7%5.3%5.2%4.8%4.5%4.5%3.2%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MississippiLouisiana

District of ColumbiaArkansas

OklahomaWest Virginia

MichiganKentucky

South CarolinaNorth Dakota

AlabamaOhio

MontanaMissouri

IllinoisGeorgia

WisconsinVermont

New YorkPennsylvaniaNew Mexico

KansasWyoming

MaineIowa

South DakotaUNITED STATES

TexasMaryland

TennesseeMassachusetts

NebraskaCalifornia

ConnecticutHawaii

New JerseyFlorida

Rhode IslandIndiana

North CarolinaMinnesota

AlaskaVirginia

ColoradoOregon

WashingtonNew Hampshire

DelawareArizona

UtahIdaho

Nevada

23.9%16.8%12.9%11.5%11.0%10.8%10.1%9.9%9.8%9.7%9.3%9.0%8.9%8.5%8.3%8.2%8.2%7.9%7.9%7.8%7.7%7.6%7.5%7.4%7.1%7.1%7.1%6.9%6.6%6.3%6.2%6.2%5.8%5.7%5.7%5.7%5.5%5.4%5.3%5.2%5.0%4.9%4.9%4.8%4.4%3.9%3.6%3.5%3.4%2.9%2.3%1.4%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MississippiWest Virginia

District of ColumbiaKentucky

North DakotaAlabama

LouisianaMichiganArkansas

OklahomaMontana

South DakotaWyoming

OhioNew Mexico

TennesseeCaliforniaMissouri

PennsylvaniaIllinoisMaine

New YorkHawaii

UNITED STATESSouth Carolina

NebraskaIowa

Rhode IslandVermontIndianaFloridaTexas

KansasNorth Carolina

WisconsinMassachusetts

IdahoConnecticut

ArizonaMinnesota

OregonColorado

DelawareAlaska

VirginiaWashington

GeorgiaUtah

New JerseyMaryland

New HampshireNevada

34.9%22.7%22.5%16.2%15.9%15.7%15.0%14.8%13.0%13.0%12.7%12.6%12.4%12.3%12.0%11.8%11.0%10.8%10.7%10.6%10.5%10.2%10.1%10.0%9.8%9.7%9.5%9.2%9.1%8.9%8.8%8.6%8.3%8.3%8.1%8.0%7.8%7.8%7.5%7.4%7.3%7.2%7.1%6.9%6.8%6.8%6.7%6.7%6.4%6.1%5.5%3.3%

1.3a Percentage of 3- and 4-Year-Olds Enrolled in Head Start Programs by State Rank, 2010 1.3b Percentage of 3-Year-Olds Enrolled in Head Start Programs by State Rank, 2009 1.3c Percentage of 4-Year-Olds Enrolled in Head Start Programs by State Rank, 2009

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

26

U.S. Average

25

States

States

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

AVG

8.6%

AVG

7.1%

AVG

10.0%

Percentage of 3- and 4-Year-Olds Enrolled in Head Start Programs by State Rank, 2010Source: National Institute for Early Education Research, Rutgers Graduate School of Education, The State of Preschool, 2010


11

Twocompletionagenda.collegeboard.org

TwoImprove middle and high school college counseling.

WE RECOMMEND that states and localities move toward professional norms for staffing middle and high school counseling offices and that colleges and universities collaborate actively to provide college information and planning services to all students (with a special focus on low-income students).

It is now widely recognized that college readiness includes academic as well as nonacademic factors. In addition to mastering an academically rigorous curriculum, students need an understanding of the procedural aspects of applying and transitioning to college, and of the behaviors and dispositions they need to be successful once in college. Particularly as school personnel are increasingly focused on implementation of the Common Core State Standards and their associated assessments, it is vital that we not forget the importance of the nonacademic elements of readiness. Follow through on these elements is particularly important for low-income and first-generation students; research by the College Board Advocacy & Policy Center shows that even while low-income students are engaging in more college-preparatory activities than before, these activities are not translating into a greater likelihood of applying or enrolling, relative to their higher-income peers.7

School counselors are the best-positioned professionals to assist students in all of these aspects of college readiness. Counselors monitor whether students are completing a college-preparatory sequence of courses, and they provide critical knowledge about colleges, the application process and financial aid, all of which can help students and their families determine the best college match. Counselors also ideally work with outside partners who can provide additional college-preparation and -planning services, even in the summer months.

The College Board Advocacy & Policy Center’s 2012 national survey of school counselors found that most counselors have a strong belief in their ability to improve student outcomes.8 It is perhaps not surprising, then, that new

Recommendation Two 11

12

0

110

220

330

440

550

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

110

220

330

440

550

2005 2006 2007 2008 20102009

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

197209233234238272275308309318333335348353354356366372374381383386387387391398399411419432434434435440449457459464467491499507511522540613638672733743759814

WyomingVermont

New HampshireMississippi

LouisianaHawaii

District of ColumbiaVirginia

MontanaMaine

ArkansasNorth Dakota

MarylandTennessee

IowaRhode Island

NebraskaMissouri

North CarolinaOklahoma

South CarolinaPennsylvania

ColoradoWest VirginiaNew Mexico

AlabamaSouth Dakota

New YorkKansas

MassachusettsFloridaIdahoTexas

DelawareGeorgia

UNITED STATESKentucky

WisconsinAlaska

WashingtonOhio

ConnecticutNevadaOregonIndiana

New JerseyMichigan

IllinoisUtah

ArizonaMinnesotaCalifornia

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.1b Student-to-Counselor Ratio by State Rank, 2009

506 500 490 483 476 477 488 479 473 480 454467 457

383

Public Total Private

358321 331

325 338

348 345311 316

320 333

214

300254 250

283310

2.1a National Student-to-Counselor Ratio, 1998-2009 2.1c National Student-to-College Counselor Ratio by School Type, 2005-2009

35

U.S. Average

16

States

States

Goal

250 AVG

457

National Student-to-Counselor Ratio, 1998–2010Source: NCES Common Core of Data, State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education, 1998–2010 Note: These data include all elementary and secondary school counselors in public schools only.


evidence indicates that an additional high school counselor drives the four-year college enrollment rate up substantially in that high school in the following year.9 Yet, student-to-counselor ratios continue to be far too high (only five states have student-to-counselor ratios under 300 to 1), and only about one-quarter of all secondary schools require that counselors who are responsible for college counseling participate in related professional development.10 The College Board survey also found that the majority of school counselors with a graduate degree in counseling said their graduate training did not adequately prepare them in college and career readiness counseling. In particular, counselors cited the need for more knowledge of, and training in, college affordability planning.


0

110

220

330

440

550

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

110

220

330

440

550

2005 2006 2007 2008 20102009

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

197209233234238272275308309318333335348353354356366372374381383386387387391398399411419432434434435440449457459464467491499507511522540613638672733743759814

WyomingVermont


LouisianaHawaii


MontanaMaine


MarylandTennessee

IowaRhode Island

NebraskaMissouri




AlabamaSouth Dakota

New YorkKansas


DelawareGeorgia


WisconsinAlaska

WashingtonOhio


New JerseyMichigan

IllinoisUtah

ArizonaMinnesota

California

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


506 500 490 483 476 477 488 479 473 480 454467 457

383


358321 331

325 338

348 345311 316

320 333

214

300254 250

283310


35

U.S. Average

16

States

States

Goal

250 AVG

457

0

110

220

330

440

550

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

110

220

330

440

550

2005 2006 2007 2008 20102009

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

197209233234238272275308309318333335348353354356366372374381383386387387391398399411419432434434435440449457459464467491499507511522540613638672733743759814

WyomingVermont


LouisianaHawaii


MontanaMaine


MarylandTennessee

IowaRhode Island

NebraskaMissouri




AlabamaSouth Dakota

New YorkKansas


DelawareGeorgia


WisconsinAlaska

WashingtonOhio


New JerseyMichigan

IllinoisUtah

ArizonaMinnesota

California

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


506 500 490 483 476 477 488 479 473 480 454467 457

383


358321 331

325 338

348 345311 316

320 333

214

300254 250

283310


35

U.S. Average

16

States

States

Goal

250 AVG

457

National Student-to-College Counselor Ratio by School Type, 2005–2010Source: NACAC State of College Admission, 2006–2010 Note: These data include part-time and full-time counselors in public and private high schools who report that college counseling is part of their job responsibilities.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 20102009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 2009

60.1%

41.0%

45.1%49.2%

36.6%

34.2%

61.3%

35.0%

39.9%


50.6%44.2%

28.5%

20.2%

31.2%24.5%

79.4%

41.2%

50.5%

70.3%

39.2%

33.3%

72.2%

31.7%

39.2%

Public Private Total

67.2%

27.6%

32.2%

2.3a Percentage of Secondary Schools that Require Professional Development by School Type, 2006-2009 2.3b Percentage of Secondary Schools that Cover All Professional Development Costs by School Type, 2006-2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 20102009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 2009

60.1%

41.0%

45.1%49.2%

36.6%

34.2%

61.3%

35.0%

39.9%


50.6%44.2%

28.5%

20.2%

31.2%24.5%

79.4%

41.2%

50.5%

70.3%

39.2%

33.3%

72.2%

31.7%

39.2%

Public Private Total

67.2%

27.6%

32.2%

2.3a Percentage of Secondary Schools that Require Professional Development by School Type, 2006-2009 2.3b Percentage of Secondary Schools that Cover All Professional Development Costs by School Type, 2006-2009

Percentage of Secondary Schools that Require College Counselors to Participate in Professional Development by School Type, 2006–2010Source: NACAC State of College Admission, 2006–2010

Recommendation Two 13


TwoThreeImplement the best research-based dropout prevention programs.

WE RECOMMEND that states and local education agencies adopt targeted interventions (starting in elementary and middle schools) focused on early warning signs of students in danger of dropping out, to identify such students and put an “educational safety net” under them.

High school graduation and dropout rates have long been measured in multiple ways, making it difficult to track progress and make comparisons across the country. The averaged freshman graduation rate (AFGR) estimates the proportion of public high school freshmen who graduate in four years. In 2009, the AFGR was 75.5 percent, the highest ever.11 While this figure is moving in the right direction, the fact is that about one-quarter of U.S. high school students are not graduating in four years (if ever), and African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native students have high school graduation rates approximately 10 percentage points lower than the national average.

In 2008, the U.S. Department of Education issued regulations requiring the use of the adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) by the 2010-11 school year. The ACGR measures the proportion of first-time ninth-graders who graduate in four years, after adjusting for student transfers in and out. This approach will provide a more accurate measure of graduation on time, and across schools and districts. Unfortunately, some states have been late in adopting this methodology, so we cannot yet report ACGR data.

With regard to dropout rates, the status dropout rate provides the percentage of 16- to 24-year-olds who have not earned a high school diploma or GED and are not enrolled in school. Thus, it indicates the proportion of American young people without a high school credential. The event dropout rate provides the

14

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendation Three 15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2008-092007-08

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinVermont

IowaMinnesota

New JerseySouth Dakota

NebraskaNorth Dakota

New HampshirePennsylvania

MissouriConnecticut

MontanaMassachusetts

IllinoisMaryland

IdahoKansasMaine

OhioOklahoma

West VirginiaVirginiaOregon

ArkansasRhode Island

MichiganHawaii

WyomingColorado

TennesseeUNITED STATES

KentuckyUtah

IndianaTexas

North CarolinaDelaware

WashingtonCaliforniaNew York

ArizonaAlaska

AlabamaFlorida

New MexicoGeorgia


District of ColumbiaNevada

South Carolina

89.6%89.3%86.4%86.4%84.6%84.4%83.8%83.8%83.4%82.7%82.4%82.2%82.0%81.5%80.4%80.4%80.1%79.1%79.1%79.0%78.0%77.3%77.0%76.7%76.4%76.4%76.3%76.0%76.0%75.4%74.9%74.9%74.4%74.3%74.1%73.1%72.8%72.1%71.9%71.2%70.8%70.7%69.1%69.0%66.9%66.8%65.4%63.9%63.5%56.0%51.3%NA

65,1837,392

34,57360,40994,994

8,58220,035

6,99914,982

130,29861,71738,41910,39665,197

135,14359,17116,56730,73714,350

120,75837,63017,48977,36934,94928,72510,347

115,18311,613

5,49446,08257,486

2,965,28639,33928,16761,901

252,12183,307

7,38861,625

374,561176,310

61,6677,855

41,346149,046

18,26483,50524,79534,401

3,35217,149

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ArkansasIllinois

IndianaKentuckyMarylandMissouriMontana

New JerseyNew Mexico

OklahomaPennsylvaniaWest Virginia

New HampshireVirginia

ConnecticutTexas

ArizonaWyomingNebraska

WisconsinSouth Dakota

OhioMichigan

TennesseeKansas

IowaGeorgia

ColoradoIdaho

FloridaUNITED STATES

OregonCalifornia

MassachusettsMississippiMinnesota

AlabamaNorth Carolina

LouisianaNorth Dakota

WashingtonNew York

VermontHawaiiAlaska

District of ColumbiaRhode Island

UtahMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%99.2%99.1%99.0%98.6%98.5%98.5%97.8%97.5%97.4%95.3%94.8%94.3%93.4%93.2%92.9%92.1%91.5%91.4%91.4%91.2%91.1%89.1%88.3%87.9%87.3%86.9%86.1%85.9%84.4%84.2%81.8%77.3%76.6%74.4%74.4%73.5%RSNMNANANA

5136,000

844390

3,3921,024

1337,501

297867

3,439147257

4,6891,3079,7501,878

67355

2,428111

1,7492,807

906710631

2,8681,617

2794,255

156,6871,811

54,0193,072

2803,351

4741,944

62255

5,49613,720

998,718

57558

314868234NA

1,678NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

District of ColumbiaNew Jersey

IllinoisMissouri

ArkansasVermontAlabama

HawaiiTexas

Rhode IslandOklahoma

OhioWisconsinMaryland

GeorgiaTennessee

FloridaWest Virginia

IndianaMassachusetts

MichiganConnecticut

IdahoCaliforniaLouisiana

UNITED STATESKansas

PennsylvaniaIowa

MontanaOregon

ColoradoNew Mexico

North CarolinaNew Hampshire

MississippiUtah

ArizonaMinnesota

New YorkVirginia

NebraskaAlaska

South DakotaKentucky

WashingtonNorth Dakota

WyomingMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%95.8%93.2%86.9%83.9%82.3%80.3%80.1%78.0%76.4%74.1%73.9%73.4%72.1%71.9%70.3%70.0%69.8%66.8%66.6%65.8%65.8%65.3%65.2%64.2%63.9%63.8%63.6%63.3%62.8%62.0%61.0%60.7%60.0%58.0%57.6%56.3%55.6%55.5%55.2%55.1%51.9%51.3%51.0%50.6%47.0%38.5%RSNMNANANA

322731827318547

43753

94464

6,77016080019314510544314

141161967104202

3,071238

31,707382146159904725438

2,1771,010

3040

3823,625

830599200228

1,52351553

1,21935710073

NA252NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

New HampshireNorth Dakota

VermontSouth Dakota

IdahoArizona

Rhode IslandMaryland

New JerseyOklahoma

West VirginiaIowa

New MexicoConnecticut

ArkansasHawaii

MassachusettsMissouri

KentuckyTennesseeMinnesota

OregonTexas

VirginiaColorado

KansasMontana

PennsylvaniaWisconsin

North CarolinaWyoming

IllinoisUNITED STATES

AlabamaMississippi

MichiganDistrict of Columbia

WashingtonCalifornia

GeorgiaNebraska

FloridaOhio

New YorkUtah

LouisianaIndianaAlaskaMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%95.1%91.2%88.4%78.2%76.9%74.7%73.0%72.9%72.4%72.3%71.9%71.4%71.1%70.2%69.6%69.6%68.0%67.8%67.4%66.6%65.8%65.7%65.3%65.1%64.7%64.6%64.5%63.1%61.9%61.8%61.5%61.5%60.6%60.5%59.2%58.8%58.2%57.4%57.4%57.0%55.7%55.5%54.7%54.4%53.3%52.6%51.8%RSNMNANANA

3209893

129133

3,398890

20,60214,7763,926

7241,266

4674,7756,132

2175,1619,1783,769

13,2073,678

83033,87317,9602,4982,217

5316,1114,827

23,00255

21,728415,11113,34311,66019,1582,8712,699

25,91129,0101,049

30,23914,95628,814

22913,2535,564

262285NA

1,449NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

VermontAlaska

West VirginiaMissouri

ArkansasNew Jersey

MarylandKentucky

WisconsinOklahomaLouisiana

TennesseeHawaiiOregon

South DakotaVirginia

IowaRhode Island

IllinoisMontana

IdahoPennsylvania

NebraskaArizonaIndiana

MississippiTexas

ConnecticutOhio

WyomingMassachusetts

FloridaMichigan

North CarolinaNorth Dakota

UNITED STATESMinnesota

New MexicoAlabama

KansasCalifornia

WashingtonColorado

GeorgiaDistrict of Columbia

New YorkUtah

New HampshireMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%90.7%87.8%83.6%77.9%76.4%75.9%75.6%75.0%73.0%72.3%72.3%71.3%71.0%71.0%70.5%70.2%70.1%69.6%69.5%68.7%67.8%67.2%66.7%66.6%65.9%65.9%65.8%65.6%65.5%64.7%63.9%63.8%63.7%63.7%63.5%62.3%62.3%62.2%62.2%61.2%60.3%56.7%55.4%54.2%53.1%50.6%48.1%RSNMNANANA

72389115

1,4981,421

14,5933,555

5852,8402,476

6721,567

4683,849

1254,3941,2671,605

18,411191

1,6325,9781,434

20,2762,433

27194,5714,4512,046

3816,377

31,7213,5004,228

79443,328

1,7888,740

6842,474

142,4915,6788,4544,309

27726,6982,063

201129NA

3,620NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinMinnesota

District of ColumbiaNebraska


IowaNorth Dakota

IllinoisConnecticut

PennsylvaniaMissouri

MarylandMontana

MassachusettsOhio

New HampshireColoradoNew York

KansasIdaho

MichiganTexas

VermontUNITED STATES

VirginiaCaliforniaOklahoma

Rhode IslandWyoming

UtahArkansas

North CarolinaTennessee

West VirginiaOregonIndiana

New MexicoKentuckyAlabama

ArizonaWashington

HawaiiLouisiana

GeorgiaAlaskaFlorida

MississippiMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

94.0%90.3%88.9%88.6%88.3%88.3%88.0%87.8%87.7%87.5%86.9%85.2%84.9%84.7%84.4%84.4%83.3%82.9%82.7%82.4%81.7%81.6%81.6%81.1%81.0%80.8%80.1%79.0%79.0%78.5%77.9%77.7%77.3%77.3%77.3%77.1%75.9%74.7%74.2%73.9%73.6%73.6%72.7%71.9%70.7%70.3%70.1%67.0%RSNMNANANA

54,28850,762

14416,96957,7027,707

31,2506,410

87,09727,782

104,35549,74431,4299,115

49,56699,93614,17433,075

106,21924,34914,32188,225

112,9836,408

1,853,47649,155

141,01123,5917,4744,891

24,54920,47451,58241,70016,48926,84651,8106,583

34,18526,37532,49045,9052,157

19,61645,7014,742

79,59612,54413,629

NA10,150

NA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AfricanAmerican

AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native

Asian/Pacific Islander

Hispanic White

73.9% 75.0% 74.7% 73.2% 73.9% 74.7% 75.5%

89.9

%

61.8

%

59.1

%60

.3%

61.5

%63

.5%

61.4

%

80.6

%80

.3%

81.0

%82

.0%

61.3

%64

.2%

64.8

%

91.4

%91

.4%

91.8

%

62.3

%63

.5%

65.9

%

3.1a National Average Graduation Rates for Public High School Students, 2003-2008 3.1b National Average Graduation Rates for Public High School Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2008 3.1c Average Graduation Rates for Public High School Students by State Rank, 2008

31

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

30

U.S. Average

17*

States

States

3.1d Average Graduation Rates for Asian American or Pacific Islander

Public High School Students by State Rank, 2008

25

U.S. Average

22*

States

States

3.1e Average Graduation Rates for American Indian or Alaska Native


32

U.S. Average

15*

States

States

3.1f Average Graduation Rates for African American Public High School Students by State Rank, 2008

35

U.S. Average

12*

States

States

3.1g Average Graduation Rates for Hispanic Public High School Students by State Rank, 2008

24

U.S. Average

23*

States

States

3.1h Average Graduation Rates for White Public High School Students by State Rank, 2008

2009 2008 2007 2006

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

AVG

74.9%

AVG

91.4%

AVG

64.2%

AVG

61.5%

AVG

63.5%

AVG

81.0%

3.1i States with Exit Examinations, 2010

YES 49.0% NO 51.0%

YESAlabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Florida Georgia Idaho Indiana Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi Nevada New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina

Ohio Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington Minnesota

NOColorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Hawaii Illinois Iowa Kansas

Kentucky Maine Michigan Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire North Dakota Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Utah Vermont West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

3.1j States where End-of Course Exams are Used as the Exit Exam, 2010

YES 19.6%

NO 31.4%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%

YESArkansas Maryland Mississippi New York North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia

NOAlabama Alaska Arizona California Florida Georgia Idaho Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Minnesota Nevada New Jersey New Mexico Ohio Washington

NO EXIT EXAMColorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Hawaii Illinois Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Michigan Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire North Dakota Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Utah Vermont West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

3.1l States with Substitute Assessments, 2010

NO 27.5%

YES 23.5%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%

YESAlabama Arkansas Florida Idaho Maryland New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Texas Virginia Washington

NOAlaska Arizona California Georgia Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Nevada Ohio Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee


3.1k States with Reciprocity with other States' Exit Exams, 2010

NO 37.3%

YES13.7%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%

YESAlaska Arizona Idaho Indiana Maryland Mississippi Ohio

NOAlabama Arkansas California Florida Georgia Louisiana Massachusetts Minnesota Nevada New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Washington


3.1m States with Alternative Diploma or Certificate, 2010

NO 33.3%

YES 17.6%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%

YESAlaska Florida Georgia Nevada New Mexico North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Virginia

NOAlabama Arizona Arkansas California Indiana Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi New Jersey New York Ohio Oklahoma Texas Washington Idaho


Public High School Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate, School Years 2002-03 through 2008-09Source: NCES, Public School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core of Data: School Year 2008-09 Note: This is based on the percentage of public high school students who enter school as freshmen and graduate in four years.

percentage of high school students who leave between the beginning of one school year and the beginning of the next without earning a high school credential. The national status dropout rate has declined fairly steadily from 1999 to 2010, overall and also for African Americans and Hispanics.12 Yet the event dropout rate was slightly higher in 2009, at 4.1 percent, than it was in 2003, at 3.9 percent.

As the 2012 Building a Grad Nation update reports, the nation is making progress.13 High school graduation rates are improving, and the number of “dropout factory” high schools has declined. Greater attention is being paid to reducing chronic absenteeism and to increasing the incidence of early-warning and intervention systems. Yet at the current rate of improvement, we will only have achieved a national graduation rate of 80 percent by the class of 2020, which is still far too low.

16 completionagenda.collegeboard.org

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2008-092007-08

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinVermont

IowaMinnesota




MissouriConnecticut


IllinoisMaryland

IdahoKansasMaine

OhioOklahoma



MichiganHawaii

WyomingColorado


KentuckyUtah

IndianaTexas



ArizonaAlaska

AlabamaFlorida

New MexicoGeorgia



South Carolina

89.6%89.3%86.4%86.4%84.6%84.4%83.8%83.8%83.4%82.7%82.4%82.2%82.0%81.5%80.4%80.4%80.1%79.1%79.1%79.0%78.0%77.3%77.0%76.7%76.4%76.4%76.3%76.0%76.0%75.4%74.9%74.9%74.4%74.3%74.1%73.1%72.8%72.1%71.9%71.2%70.8%70.7%69.1%69.0%66.9%66.8%65.4%63.9%63.5%56.0%51.3%NA

65,1837,392

34,57360,40994,9948,582

20,0356,999

14,982130,29861,71738,41910,39665,197

135,14359,17116,56730,73714,350

120,75837,63017,48977,36934,94928,72510,347

115,18311,6135,494

46,08257,486

2,965,28639,33928,16761,901

252,12183,3077,388

61,625374,561176,31061,6677,855

41,346149,04618,26483,50524,79534,4013,352

17,149NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ArkansasIllinois





ConnecticutTexas



OhioMichigan

TennesseeKansas

IowaGeorgia

ColoradoIdaho


OregonCalifornia




WashingtonNew York

VermontHawaiiAlaska


UtahMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%99.2%99.1%99.0%98.6%98.5%98.5%97.8%97.5%97.4%95.3%94.8%94.3%93.4%93.2%92.9%92.1%91.5%91.4%91.4%91.2%91.1%89.1%88.3%87.9%87.3%86.9%86.1%85.9%84.4%84.2%81.8%77.3%76.6%74.4%74.4%73.5%RSNMNANANA

5136,000

844390

3,3921,024

1337,501

297867

3,439147257

4,6891,3079,7501,878

67355

2,428111

1,7492,807

906710631

2,8681,617

2794,255

156,6871,811

54,0193,072

2803,351

4741,944

62255

5,49613,720

998,718

57558

314868234NA

1,678NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


IllinoisMissouri


HawaiiTexas



GeorgiaTennessee



MichiganConnecticut


UNITED STATESKansas

PennsylvaniaIowa

MontanaOregon

ColoradoNew Mexico


MississippiUtah

ArizonaMinnesota

New YorkVirginia

NebraskaAlaska



WyomingMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%95.8%93.2%86.9%83.9%82.3%80.3%80.1%78.0%76.4%74.1%73.9%73.4%72.1%71.9%70.3%70.0%69.8%66.8%66.6%65.8%65.8%65.3%65.2%64.2%63.9%63.8%63.6%63.3%62.8%62.0%61.0%60.7%60.0%58.0%57.6%56.3%55.6%55.5%55.2%55.1%51.9%51.3%51.0%50.6%47.0%38.5%RSNMNANANA

3227318273185

47437

53944

646,770

160800193145105443

14141161967104202

3,071238

31,707382146159904725438

2,1771,010

3040

3823,625

830599200228

1,523515

531,219

357100

73NA252NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


VermontSouth Dakota

IdahoArizona


New JerseyOklahoma

West VirginiaIowa


ArkansasHawaii



OregonTexas

VirginiaColorado

KansasMontana




AlabamaMississippi



GeorgiaNebraska

FloridaOhio

New YorkUtah


DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%95.1%91.2%88.4%78.2%76.9%74.7%73.0%72.9%72.4%72.3%71.9%71.4%71.1%70.2%69.6%69.6%68.0%67.8%67.4%66.6%65.8%65.7%65.3%65.1%64.7%64.6%64.5%63.1%61.9%61.8%61.5%61.5%60.6%60.5%59.2%58.8%58.2%57.4%57.4%57.0%55.7%55.5%54.7%54.4%53.3%52.6%51.8%RSNMNANANA

3209893

129133

3,398890

20,60214,7763,926

7241,266

4674,7756,132

2175,1619,1783,769

13,2073,678

83033,87317,9602,4982,217

5316,1114,827

23,00255

21,728415,11113,34311,66019,1582,8712,699

25,91129,0101,049

30,23914,95628,814

22913,2535,564

262285NA

1,449NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

VermontAlaska


ArkansasNew Jersey

MarylandKentucky




IowaRhode Island

IllinoisMontana

IdahoPennsylvania


MississippiTexas

ConnecticutOhio


FloridaMichigan



New MexicoAlabama

KansasCalifornia

WashingtonColorado


New YorkUtah

New HampshireMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%90.7%87.8%83.6%77.9%76.4%75.9%75.6%75.0%73.0%72.3%72.3%71.3%71.0%71.0%70.5%70.2%70.1%69.6%69.5%68.7%67.8%67.2%66.7%66.6%65.9%65.9%65.8%65.6%65.5%64.7%63.9%63.8%63.7%63.7%63.5%62.3%62.3%62.2%62.2%61.2%60.3%56.7%55.4%54.2%53.1%50.6%48.1%RSNMNANANA

72389115

1,4981,421

14,5933,555

5852,8402,476

6721,567

4683,849

1254,3941,2671,605

18,411191

1,6325,9781,434

20,2762,433

27194,5714,4512,046

3816,377

31,7213,5004,228

79443,328

1,7888,740

6842,474

142,4915,6788,4544,309

27726,6982,063

201129NA

3,620NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinMinnesota



IowaNorth Dakota

IllinoisConnecticut


MarylandMontana

MassachusettsOhio


KansasIdaho

MichiganTexas



Rhode IslandWyoming

UtahArkansas




ArizonaWashington

HawaiiLouisiana


MississippiMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

94.0%90.3%88.9%88.6%88.3%88.3%88.0%87.8%87.7%87.5%86.9%85.2%84.9%84.7%84.4%84.4%83.3%82.9%82.7%82.4%81.7%81.6%81.6%81.1%81.0%80.8%80.1%79.0%79.0%78.5%77.9%77.7%77.3%77.3%77.3%77.1%75.9%74.7%74.2%73.9%73.6%73.6%72.7%71.9%70.7%70.3%70.1%67.0%RSNMNANANA

54,28850,762

14416,96957,7027,707

31,2506,410

87,09727,782

104,35549,74431,4299,115

49,56699,93614,17433,075

106,21924,34914,32188,225

112,9836,408

1,853,47649,155

141,01123,5917,4744,891

24,54920,47451,58241,70016,48926,84651,8106,583

34,18526,37532,49045,9052,157

19,61645,7014,742

79,59612,54413,629

NA10,150

NA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AfricanAmerican

AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native


Hispanic White

73.9% 75.0% 74.7% 73.2% 73.9% 74.7% 75.5%

89.9

%

61.8

%

59.1

%60

.3%

61.5

%63

.5%

61.4

%

80.6

%80

.3%

81.0

%82

.0%

61.3

%64

.2%

64.8

%

91.4

%91

.4%

91.8

%

62.3

%63

.5%

65.9

%


31

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

30

U.S. Average

17*

States

States



25

U.S. Average

22*

States

States



32

U.S. Average

15*

States

States


35

U.S. Average

12*

States

States


24

U.S. Average

23*

States

States


2009 2008 2007 2006

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

AVG

74.9%

AVG

91.4%

AVG

64.2%

AVG

61.5%

AVG

63.5%

AVG

81.0%


YES 49.0% NO 51.0%






YES 19.6%

NO 31.4%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 27.5%

YES 23.5%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 37.3%

YES13.7%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 33.3%

YES 17.6%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2008-092007-08

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinVermont

IowaMinnesota




MissouriConnecticut


IllinoisMaryland

IdahoKansasMaine

OhioOklahoma



MichiganHawaii

WyomingColorado


KentuckyUtah

IndianaTexas



ArizonaAlaska

AlabamaFlorida

New MexicoGeorgia



South Carolina

89.6%89.3%86.4%86.4%84.6%84.4%83.8%83.8%83.4%82.7%82.4%82.2%82.0%81.5%80.4%80.4%80.1%79.1%79.1%79.0%78.0%77.3%77.0%76.7%76.4%76.4%76.3%76.0%76.0%75.4%74.9%74.9%74.4%74.3%74.1%73.1%72.8%72.1%71.9%71.2%70.8%70.7%69.1%69.0%66.9%66.8%65.4%63.9%63.5%56.0%51.3%NA

65,1837,392

34,57360,40994,9948,582

20,0356,999

14,982130,29861,71738,41910,39665,197

135,14359,17116,56730,73714,350

120,75837,63017,48977,36934,94928,72510,347

115,18311,6135,494

46,08257,486

2,965,28639,33928,16761,901

252,12183,3077,388

61,625374,561176,31061,6677,855

41,346149,04618,26483,50524,79534,4013,352

17,149NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ArkansasIllinois





ConnecticutTexas



OhioMichigan

TennesseeKansas

IowaGeorgia

ColoradoIdaho


OregonCalifornia




WashingtonNew York

VermontHawaiiAlaska


UtahMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%99.2%99.1%99.0%98.6%98.5%98.5%97.8%97.5%97.4%95.3%94.8%94.3%93.4%93.2%92.9%92.1%91.5%91.4%91.4%91.2%91.1%89.1%88.3%87.9%87.3%86.9%86.1%85.9%84.4%84.2%81.8%77.3%76.6%74.4%74.4%73.5%RSNMNANANA

5136,000

844390

3,3921,024

1337,501

297867

3,439147257

4,6891,3079,7501,878

67355

2,428111

1,7492,807

906710631

2,8681,617

2794,255

156,6871,811

54,0193,072

2803,351

4741,944

62255

5,49613,720

998,718

57558

314868234NA

1,678NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


IllinoisMissouri


HawaiiTexas



GeorgiaTennessee



MichiganConnecticut


UNITED STATESKansas

PennsylvaniaIowa

MontanaOregon

ColoradoNew Mexico


MississippiUtah

ArizonaMinnesota

New YorkVirginia

NebraskaAlaska



WyomingMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%100.0%95.8%93.2%86.9%83.9%82.3%80.3%80.1%78.0%76.4%74.1%73.9%73.4%72.1%71.9%70.3%70.0%69.8%66.8%66.6%65.8%65.8%65.3%65.2%64.2%63.9%63.8%63.6%63.3%62.8%62.0%61.0%60.7%60.0%58.0%57.6%56.3%55.6%55.5%55.2%55.1%51.9%51.3%51.0%50.6%47.0%38.5%RSNMNANANA

3227318273185

47437

53944

646,770

160800193145105443

14141161967104202

3,071238

31,707382146159904725438

2,1771,010

3040

3823,625

830599200228

1,523515

531,219

357100

73NA252NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


VermontSouth Dakota

IdahoArizona


New JerseyOklahoma

West VirginiaIowa


ArkansasHawaii



OregonTexas

VirginiaColorado

KansasMontana




AlabamaMississippi



GeorgiaNebraska

FloridaOhio

New YorkUtah


DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%95.1%91.2%88.4%78.2%76.9%74.7%73.0%72.9%72.4%72.3%71.9%71.4%71.1%70.2%69.6%69.6%68.0%67.8%67.4%66.6%65.8%65.7%65.3%65.1%64.7%64.6%64.5%63.1%61.9%61.8%61.5%61.5%60.6%60.5%59.2%58.8%58.2%57.4%57.4%57.0%55.7%55.5%54.7%54.4%53.3%52.6%51.8%RSNMNANANA

3209893

129133

3,398890

20,60214,7763,926

7241,266

4674,7756,132

2175,1619,1783,769

13,2073,678

83033,87317,9602,4982,217

5316,1114,827

23,00255

21,728415,11113,34311,66019,1582,8712,699

25,91129,0101,049

30,23914,95628,814

22913,2535,564

262285NA

1,449NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

VermontAlaska


ArkansasNew Jersey

MarylandKentucky




IowaRhode Island

IllinoisMontana

IdahoPennsylvania


MississippiTexas

ConnecticutOhio


FloridaMichigan



New MexicoAlabama

KansasCalifornia

WashingtonColorado


New YorkUtah

New HampshireMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

100.0%90.7%87.8%83.6%77.9%76.4%75.9%75.6%75.0%73.0%72.3%72.3%71.3%71.0%71.0%70.5%70.2%70.1%69.6%69.5%68.7%67.8%67.2%66.7%66.6%65.9%65.9%65.8%65.6%65.5%64.7%63.9%63.8%63.7%63.7%63.5%62.3%62.3%62.2%62.2%61.2%60.3%56.7%55.4%54.2%53.1%50.6%48.1%RSNMNANANA

72389115

1,4981,421

14,5933,555

5852,8402,476

6721,567

4683,849

1254,3941,2671,605

18,411191

1,6325,9781,434

20,2762,433

27194,5714,4512,046

3816,377

31,7213,5004,228

79443,328

1,7888,740

6842,474

142,4915,6788,4544,309

27726,6982,063

201129NA

3,620NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

WisconsinMinnesota



IowaNorth Dakota

IllinoisConnecticut


MarylandMontana

MassachusettsOhio


KansasIdaho

MichiganTexas



Rhode IslandWyoming

UtahArkansas




ArizonaWashington

HawaiiLouisiana


MississippiMaine

DelawareNevada

South Carolina

94.0%90.3%88.9%88.6%88.3%88.3%88.0%87.8%87.7%87.5%86.9%85.2%84.9%84.7%84.4%84.4%83.3%82.9%82.7%82.4%81.7%81.6%81.6%81.1%81.0%80.8%80.1%79.0%79.0%78.5%77.9%77.7%77.3%77.3%77.3%77.1%75.9%74.7%74.2%73.9%73.6%73.6%72.7%71.9%70.7%70.3%70.1%67.0%RSNMNANANA

54,28850,762

14416,96957,7027,707

31,2506,410

87,09727,782

104,35549,74431,4299,115

49,56699,93614,17433,075

106,21924,34914,32188,225

112,9836,408

1,853,47649,155

141,01123,5917,4744,891

24,54920,47451,58241,70016,48926,84651,8106,583

34,18526,37532,49045,9052,157

19,61645,7014,742

79,59612,54413,629

NA10,150

NA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AfricanAmerican

AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native


Hispanic White

73.9% 75.0% 74.7% 73.2% 73.9% 74.7% 75.5%

89.9

%

61.8

%

59.1

%60

.3%

61.5

%63

.5%

61.4

%

80.6

%80

.3%

81.0

%82

.0%

61.3

%64

.2%

64.8

%

91.4

%91

.4%

91.8

%

62.3

%63

.5%

65.9

%


31

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

30

U.S. Average

17*

States

States



25

U.S. Average

22*

States

States



32

U.S. Average

15*

States

States


35

U.S. Average

12*

States

States


24

U.S. Average

23*

States

States


2009 2008 2007 2006

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

AVG

74.9%

AVG

91.4%

AVG

64.2%

AVG

61.5%

AVG

63.5%

AVG

81.0%


YES 49.0% NO 51.0%






YES 19.6%

NO 31.4%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 27.5%

YES 23.5%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 37.3%

YES13.7%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%





NO 33.3%

YES 17.6%

NO EXIT EXAM 49.0%




National Average Graduation Rates for Public High School Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2006–2009Source: NCES, Public School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core of Data, 2008–2009 Note: This is based on the percentage of public high school students who enter school as freshmen and graduate in four years. Note: Race categories exclude Hispanic origin unless specified.

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendation Three 17

0

5

10

15

20

25

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

AfricanAmerican

AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native


Hispanic White(Non-Hispanic)

Two orMoreRaces

0

5

10

15

20

25

Female Male

0

5

10

15

20

25

16 17 18 19 20–24

93,000 216,000 337,000 413,000 1,951,000

11.2% 10.9% 10.7% 10.5% 9.9% 10.3%9.4% 9.3%

7.4%8.7% 8.0% 8.1%

4.8%

18.3%

4.4%

14.6%

9.9%

535,000 43,000

4.2%

67,000 30,0001,232,000 1,103,000

8.5%7.5%

1,403,000 1,606,000

5.0%

2.2%

7.8%9.9% 9.5%

3.2a National Status Dropout Rates of Noninstitutionalized 16- to 24-Year-Olds, 1999 - 2008 3.2b National Status Dropout Rates of Noninstitutionalized 16- to 24-Year-Olds by Race/Ethnicity, 2008 3.2c National Status Dropout Rates of Noninstitutionalized 16- to 24-Year-Olds by Gender, 2008 3.2d National Status Dropout Rates of Noninstitutionalized 16- to 24-Year-Olds by Age, 2008

AVG

8.0%

AVG

8.0%

AVG

8.0%

National Status Dropout Rates — Excluding Institutional Populations, 1999–2010Source: NCES, Condition of Education, 2010

National Event Dropout Rates of Public High School Students in Grades 9–12, 2003–2009Source: NCES, Public School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core of Data: School Year 2007-08, 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

IndianaNew Jersey

IdahoAlabama

South DakotaWisconsin

North DakotaKansas

NebraskaPennsylvania

VirginiaConnecticut

KentuckyMinnesota

IowaNew Hampshire

OklahomaFlorida

MassachusettsMaryland

OregonNew York

South CarolinaTennessee

Texas UNITED STATES

UtahGeorgia

OhioMaine

West VirginiaMississippi

ArkansasMissouri

CaliforniaWyoming

NevadaIllinois

MontanaNew Mexico

North CarolinaRhode Island

HawaiiDistrict of Columbia

WashingtonDelawareMichiganColorado

ArizonaAlaska

LouisianaVermont

1.7%1.7%2.0%2.2%2.3%2.3%2.4%2.5%2.5%2.6%2.7%2.8%2.8%2.8%2.9%3.0%3.1%3.3%3.4%3.6%3.8%3.9%3.9%3.9%4.0%4.1%4.2%4.3%4.3%4.4%4.4%4.6%4.7%4.9%5.0%5.0%5.1%5.2%5.2%5.2%5.2%5.3%5.4%5.5%5.7%6.0%6.2%6.4%6.7%7.3%7.5%NA

5,4176,3201,5894,654

8716,659

7543,4972,244

15,28810,135

4,9065,5167,8264,4371,9875,598

26,6359,9579,8166,676

34,0698,013

11,20051,369

613,3796,920

20,13524,980

2,6423,6806,3996,492

13,93198,230

1,3666,170

32,6382,4355,132

21,4772,5592,9221,175

18,9762,212

34,70215,11921,034

3,04013,580

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

New JerseyIndiana

AlabamaFloridaIdaho

GeorgiaTexas

VirginiaWest Virginia

NebraskaNew Hampshire

ConnecticutKansas

PennsylvaniaKentucky

IllinoisOhio

South CarolinaMississippi

North CarolinaSouth Dakota

WisconsinWyoming

MassachusettsTennessee

CaliforniaOklahomaNew York

UNITED STATESIowa

MissouriOregon

ArkansasMinnesota

New MexicoLouisiana

NevadaMichigan

MaineArizona

ColoradoUtah

WashingtonMontana

North DakotaRhode Island

HawaiiAlaska

DelawareDistrict of Columbia

MarylandVermont

0.5%0.7%1.1%1.1%1.2%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.4%1.4%1.5%1.5%1.6%1.6%1.7%1.8%1.8%2.0%2.0%2.0%2.0%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.3%2.3%2.4%2.4%2.6%2.7%2.7%2.8%3.1%3.2%3.4%3.4%3.6%3.7%3.8%3.8%3.9%4.0%4.1%4.5%4.8%5.1%6.9%NANANANA

1372726

20916

189583263

822158453

23730

3971375025

1869

2006

27487

5,46786

1,52016,576

7512221762

49742

10034343431

325284222

1,104231369

2,063207NANANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

South CarolinaAlabama

IdahoConnecticut

FloridaKentucky

New JerseyMississippi

Texas Oklahoma

GeorgiaIndiana

MissouriIllinois

VirginiaKansas

PennsylvaniaTennessee

ArkansasNevada

New YorkMaine

WisconsinOregon

West VirginiaCalifornia

HawaiiLouisiana

North DakotaUNITED STATESMassachusetts

UtahNebraska

North CarolinaOhio

MichiganNew Hampshire

IowaNew Mexico

DelawareSouth DakotaRhode Island

WyomingColorado

WashingtonArizona

MinnesotaMontana

AlaskaDistrict of Columbia

MarylandVermont

0.0%1.8%2.3%2.5%2.5%2.5%2.7%3.0%3.2%3.3%3.6%3.6%3.7%3.8%3.8%3.9%4.1%4.7%4.9%4.9%5.7%5.8%5.8%6.1%6.5%6.6%7.2%7.2%7.3%7.3%7.5%7.5%7.6%7.7%8.2%8.3%8.3%9.1%9.2%9.4%9.9%10.3%11.0%11.3%11.3%11.4%11.6%11.7%12.2%NANANA

0372814576

167

1451,106

26304764439138274997

21522

248235

61,075

2198

19513,003

6223610642766

4221580

1,16912

3433296

328981

2,211668554

1,152NANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

IdahoAlabama

South DakotaIndiana

New JerseyOklahoma

KansasNorth Dakota

VirginiaSouth Carolina

GeorgiaFlorida

KentuckyWest Virginia

MaineConnecticutMississippi

PennsylvaniaMassachusetts

New MexicoNebraska

IowaNew York

North CarolinaMontana

NevadaTexas

UtahArkansas

UNITED STATESArizona

MinnesotaHawaii

DelawareTennessee

Rhode IslandWisconsin

OregonWyoming


IllinoisAlaska

New HampshireOhio

ColoradoLouisianaMichiganMissouri

District of ColumbiaMaryland

Vermont

1.9%2.2%2.4%2.8%2.8%3.5%3.6%3.9%4.0%4.3%4.6%4.7%4.8%5.0%5.4%5.6%5.6%5.7%5.9%5.9%6.0%6.2%6.2%6.2%6.3%6.3%6.3%6.6%6.7%6.7%7.1%7.1%7.3%7.7%7.7%7.8%7.8%7.9%8.1%8.9%9.0%9.1%9.6%9.6%10.1%10.6%10.9%12.6%12.9%NANANA

151,765

171,0191,877

66443920

3,9573,5788,6328,7101,018

19772

1,3873,9464,9011,526

148395471

10,8007,683

20889

12,116160

2,131159,407

1,2881,778

78913

5,618341

2,16038130

1,61114,47611,360

15297

9,8631,5448,580

14,3556,229

NANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


WisconsinConnecticut

IndianaPennsylvania

IdahoMinnesotaNebraska

North DakotaTexas

VirginiaAlabama

FloridaKansasIllinois

MassachusettsKentuckyNew York

IowaTennesseeOklahoma

UNITED STATESNew Hampshire

OhioCalifornia

OregonMissouri

UtahNew Mexico

South CarolinaGeorgia

MississippiColorado

NevadaArkansas

MaineMichigan

Rhode IslandMontana

North CarolinaWest Virginia

WyomingLouisianaDelaware

WashingtonAlaska

ArizonaHawaii


Vermont

1.0%1.4%1.4%1.6%1.6%1.7%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.9%2.1%2.1%2.1%2.2%2.3%2.4%2.4%2.5%2.5%2.8%2.8%2.9%2.9%3.1%3.1%3.2%3.4%3.5%3.5%3.6%3.6%3.9%3.9%4.0%4.3%4.3%4.3%4.4%4.4%4.4%4.5%4.8%4.9%5.0%5.1%5.6%5.9%NANANA

2,158471

3,1711,8233,8517,6601,1773,9441,277

5059,1774,2752,7068,2492,1998,0464,7573,831

10,8713,3324,9633,021

234,1211,805

13,07619,4093,9576,9644,5491,0773,9548,1652,3516,0682,2583,7982,475

17,0861,4411,772

10,5413,4441,0404,4831,024

11,6241,1898,510

597NANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

AlabamaIndiana

New HampshireNew Jersey

IdahoFlorida

West VirginiaKansas

MississippiSouth DakotaNorth Dakota

KentuckyGeorgia

NebraskaArkansas

OklahomaNew Mexico

South CarolinaTennessee

Texas Virginia

WisconsinCalifornia

UNITED STATESConnecticut

IowaNew YorkMontana

HawaiiNevadaOregon

PennsylvaniaMaine

MissouriArizona

IllinoisAlaska

MinnesotaNorth Carolina

LouisianaUtah

WashingtonWyomingDelaware

Rhode IslandMassachusetts

OhioMichiganColorado


Vermont

2.2%2.4%3.1%3.1%3.5%3.7%3.8%3.9%3.9%4.0%4.4%4.6%4.8%4.8%5.1%5.2%5.3%5.3%5.3%5.3%5.4%5.4%6.0%6.0%6.1%6.1%6.1%6.5%6.7%6.7%6.7%6.9%7.0%7.2%7.3%7.3%7.5%7.5%7.6%7.8%8.0%8.0%8.0%8.2%8.2%8.3%8.5%10.3%12.1%NANANA

10838055

2,116350

6,81625

595703121

1641,593

444452721

2,696397505

29,3481,484

88054,911

163,3891,598

47910,606

66163

2,5831,6112,387

42569

8,7007,553

164939

2,139319

1,7323,223

194232676

3,1711,0512,1356,895

NANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

IndianaNew Hampshire

IowaMinnesota

North DakotaIdaho

KansasNebraska

New JerseyMaine

OregonUtah


WyomingAlabama

PennsylvaniaVirginia

KentuckyTexas

CaliforniaConnecticut

OklahomaArkansas

FloridaTennessee

UNITED STATESMassachusetts

MontanaNew York

MississippiSouth Carolina

IllinoisHawaii

WashingtonColorado

West VirginiaMaryland

ArizonaGeorgia

AlaskaNevada

OhioMichigan

New MexicoRhode Island

MissouriNorth Carolina

District of ColumbiaDelawareLouisiana

Vermont

0.2%0.2%0.8%0.9%1.0%1.1%1.2%1.3%1.3%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.5%1.8%1.9%1.9%2.1%2.2%2.4%2.5%2.6%2.7%2.8%2.8%2.8%3.0%3.1%3.1%3.1%3.5%3.5%3.6%3.7%3.8%3.9%3.9%4.0%4.2%4.2%4.3%4.6%4.6%4.7%4.9%5.0%5.3%5.4%5.7%6.3%8.9%NA

18231

29160484

237453321

1,346213621599997161126

1,2562,9842,2961,2489,358

13,3161,2331,3091,0766,3932,270

126,0572,400

3757,8231,4972,3346,427

5933,4232,469

9303,0663,5386,126

4551,8577,5017,0611,468

6814,1106,841

436710

4,931NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

IndianaWisconsin

New HampshireIowa

MinnesotaNew Jersey

IdahoKansas


VirginiaAlabama

OregonSouth Dakota

UtahMaine

PennsylvaniaConnecticut

CaliforniaFlorida

OhioOklahoma

TennesseeKentucky

MassachusettsTexas

UNITED STATESMarylandArkansasNew York

South CarolinaIllinois

GeorgiaMississippi


WashingtonNevada

ColoradoArizona

MontanaNorth Carolina



WyomingHawaii

DelawareMichiganLouisiana

Vermont

0.8%1.0%1.4%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.8%2.2%2.2%2.3%2.3%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.6%2.6%2.9%3.0%3.0%3.1%3.1%3.2%3.3%3.6%3.6%3.6%3.7%4.2%4.2%4.2%4.3%4.4%4.4%4.4%4.6%4.6%4.7%4.8%5.1%5.1%5.5%5.6%5.7%5.8%5.9%6.0%6.2%6.4%6.5%6.6%NA

660678226630

1,0641,588

373801510185

2,2561,3351,071

2431,039

4003,8281,271

15,1506,2124,5281,4462,3801,7042,663

11,760135,244

2,5471,5619,8452,3197,1435,4191,631

9273,3523,9101,5822,9154,141

6135,7401,491

700607314434847622

9,4763,107

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

New JerseyIndiana

WisconsinIdaho

South DakotaAlabama

MinnesotaPennsylvania

VirginiaNebraska

KansasConnecticut

FloridaIowa

KentuckyMaryland

North DakotaTexas

MassachusettsOhio

New HampshireOklahomaNew York

OregonUNITED STATES

CaliforniaSouth Carolina

GeorgiaIllinois

NevadaTennesseeMississippi

UtahMaine


DelawareDistrict of Columbia

New MexicoNorth Carolina


HawaiiWyomingMichiganMontanaLouisiana

WashingtonArizona

ColoradoAlaska

Vermont

1.8%1.9%2.0%2.3%2.4%2.5%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.8%3.0%3.1%3.1%3.2%3.2%3.3%3.3%3.3%3.4%3.6%3.7%3.7%3.9%4.0%4.0%4.1%4.1%4.2%4.2%4.2%4.2%4.6%4.6%4.7%4.8%5.0%5.2%5.2%5.3%5.5%5.7%5.7%5.8%5.9%6.1%6.2%6.5%6.5%6.8%7.2%9.0%NA

1,7101,4581,444

445211

1,2211,8063,7752,464

6061,0161,2965,9541,2121,5022,083

2599,6882,3745,027

5991,5737,7541,745

139,14419,4681,8934,4166,2551,0852,8881,4501,899

704959

3,357422226

1,1925,2731,922

644764384

8,034700

2,6665,2065,1084,067

940NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

AlabamaNew Jersey

KentuckyConnecticut

IdahoNorth DakotaSouth Dakota

GeorgiaOklahomaMaryland

PennsylvaniaFlorida

NebraskaKansas

MassachusettsSouth Carolina

VirginiaMississippi

North CarolinaIndiana

New YorkDistrict of Columbia


Rhode IslandWisconsin

New MexicoIllinois

TennesseeMinnesota

OhioIowa

UNITED STATESDelawareArkansas

HawaiiMontanaWyoming

New HampshireNevada

Texas Louisiana

OregonMichigan

WashingtonUtah

MaineColorado

AlaskaArizona

CaliforniaVermont

1.8%1.9%2.5%2.7%2.9%2.9%2.9%3.1%3.2%3.4%3.4%3.6%3.6%3.7%3.7%3.7%3.7%4.0%4.3%4.4%4.4%4.7%4.7%4.8%5.0%5.0%5.1%5.7%5.8%5.9%5.9%6.0%6.1%6.2%6.3%6.4%6.6%6.8%7.1%7.5%7.5%7.6%7.6%7.9%8.2%8.4%8.8%10.2%10.4%10.8%11.0%NA

8421,6761,0621,106

534226256

3,0011,2702,1204,6895,882

8071,2272,5201,4673,1191,1393,6233,1178,374

199864

3,112534

3,540981

8,0323,6624,3527,9242,304

203,630458

1,933718726422

1,1311,646

20,5632,8763,238

10,1316,4373,3831,3255,6681,0388,247

50,129NA

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

Female Male

AfricanAmerican

AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native


Hispanic White(Non-Hispanic)

4.6%3.5%3.9% 4.1% 3.9% 3.9% 4.4% 4.1% 4.1%

2.6% 3.0%

2.8%

5.8% 6.

5%6.

0%

2.4%

2.4%

6.9% 7.

6%

7.3%

6.3% 6.8%

6.7%

2.6%

16,57616,05915,698

13,00312,9939,976

163,389156,026148,515

234,121219,474195,079

159,407136,311124,636

248,415 335,900

3.4a National Event Dropout Rates of Public High School Students in Grades 9-12, 2003 - 2008 3.4b National Event Dropout Rates of Public High School Students in

Grades 9 - 12 by Race/Ethnicity, 2006-2008

3.4c National Event Dropout Rates of Public High School Students in Grades 9 -12 by Gender, 2008

25

U.S. Average

25*

States

States

3.4d Event Dropout Rates for Public School Students in Grades 9 - 12 by State Rank, 2008

28

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

3.4e Event Dropout Rates for Asian American or Pacific Islander Public School

Students in Grades 9 - 12 by State Rank, 2008

29

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

3.4f Event Dropout Rates for American Indian or Alaska Native Public School


29

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

3.4g Event Dropout Rates for African American Public School


22

U.S. Average

26*

States

States

3.4h Event Dropout Rates for White Public School Students in Grades 9 - 12 by State Rank, 2008

23

U.S. Average

25*

States

States

3.4i Event Dropout Rates for Hispanic Public School Students in Grades 9 - 12 by State Rank, 2008

26

U.S. Average

24*

States

States

3.4j Event Dropout Rates for Public School Students in 9th Grade by State Rank, 2008

0

26

U.S. Average

24*

States

States

3.4k Event Dropout Rates for Public School Students in 10th Grade by State Rank, 2008

24

U.S. Average

26*

States

States

3.4l Event Dropout Rates for Public School Students in 11th Grade by State Rank, 2008

32

U.S. Average

18*

States

States

3.4m Event Dropout Rates for Public School Students in 12th Grade by State Rank, 2008

2008 2007 2006

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

No. ofStudents

AVG

4.1%

AVG

2.4%

AVG

7.3%

AVG

6.7%

AVG

2.8%

AVG

6.0%

AVG

3.0%

AVG

3.6%

AVG

4.0%

AVG

6.1%

AVG

4.1%

TwoFourAlign the K–12 education system with international standards and college admission expectations.

WE RECOMMEND that governors, legislators and state education agencies work to provide a world-class education to every American student by aligning high school programs with international benchmarks tied to the demands of college and career.

There is much to be excited about as 46 states implement the rigorous Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and their related assessments.14 The CCSS are a significant milestone in U.S. education reform, in that for the first time we have substantial agreement about what students should learn in school. The standards also seek to eliminate the gap in knowledge and skills between high school and college, and are on a par with the standards of countries such as Finland and New Zealand, whose students consistently outperform their U.S. counterparts.

Curricular rigor in American schools is increasing in other ways as well. Data from the College Board’s 8th Annual AP® Report to the Nation show increases in the percentage of high schools offering Advanced Placement® courses in the four core subject areas, as well as increases in the percentages of students taking AP Exams and scoring a 3 or higher.15 Minority and low-income students are underrepresented in AP course- and exam-taking, but the absolute number of participants from these subgroups is increasing along with overall participation. In addition, significant percentages of high school students continue to take advantage of dual enrollment programs, through which they can take college courses and earn early college credit. Participation in such programs is associated with better high school and college outcomes.16

Of course, we can only know whether our education system is truly aligned if we have data systems that can be used to track students from elementary to secondary to postsecondary institutions, within and across states. Thus, it is extremely encouraging that the number of states with P–20 longitudinal data


systems is increasing steadily. This development — along with a common way of reporting high school graduation rates and the ability to better track college students as they swirl from one institution to another — will carry the country a long way toward a better understanding of where we need improvement.

Public High School Students and AP Examinees by Race/Ethnicity for the Class of 2011Source: The College Board, The 8th Annual AP Report to the Nation, 2012


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AfricanAmerican

Hispanic AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native

Asian/ AsianAmerican/

Pacific Islander

White

1.1%

17.6

%

14.7

%

9.0%

5.7%

59.2

%

57.1

%

17.0

%

0.6%

10.3

%

Figure 4.1c: Public High School and AP Examinees Student Populations by Race/Ethnicity for the Class of 2011

Overall Student PopulationAP Examinee Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AfricanAmerican

Hispanic AmericanIndian/

Alaska Native

Asian/ AsianAmerican/

Pacific Islander

White

1.1%

17.6

%

14.7

%

9.0%

5.7%

59.2

%

57.1

%

17.0

%

0.6%

10.3

%

Figure 4.1c: Public High School and AP Examinees Student Populations by Race/Ethnicity for the Class of 2011

Overall Student PopulationAP Examinee Population

Recommendation Four 19

TwoFiveImprove teacher quality and focus on recruitment and retention.

WE RECOMMEND that states, localities and the federal government step up to the crisis in teaching by providing market-competitive salaries, creating multiple pathways into teaching, and fixing the math and science crisis.

In 2012, we see a rather mixed picture of indicators of teacher quality. In many states, much is being made of new teacher performance evaluation systems that take into account student achievement. However, state support for teacher development and certification is weak. A majority of states do have professional development standards for teachers, but fewer than half finance professional development for all districts, and only 16 states require their districts and schools to set aside time for teacher development.17 A minority of states (24) provide financial incentives for teachers to earn national board certification.18

Implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), their related assessments and essential pedagogical changes will all require considerable and high-quality professional development. Many states included plans for CCSS professional development in their applications for federal Race to the Top grants. For example, Maryland has invested Race to the Top funds in regional summer professional development academies that focus on the transition to the Maryland Common Core State Curriculum, as well as state STEM initiatives. These academies reached thousands of educators in the summers of 2011 and 2012, and will continue through 2014. Strong efforts such as these are needed now to create a foundation of supportive policy, funding and practices so that the entire potential of the Common Core can be realized.


YES 61% NO 39%

5.1a States with Professional Development Standards, 2009 5.1b States that Finance Professional Development for All Districts, 2009 5.1c States that Require Districts/Schools to Set Aside Time for Professional Development, 2009 5.1d States that Require Districts to Align Professional Development with Local Priorities and Goals, 2009 5.1e States that Provide Incentives for Teachers to Earn National Board Certification, 2009

YES 78%

NO 22%

YESAlabamaArizonaArkansasColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippi

MissouriMontanaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest Virginia

NOAlaskaCaliforniaDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisNebraskaNevadaSouth DakotaTexasWisconsinWyoming

YES 45% NO 55%

YESAlabamaArkansasDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIowaKentuckyMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMontanaNebraskaNevadaNorth DakotaPennsylvaniaRhode Island

South CarolinaVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsin

NO AlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasMississippiNew Hampshire

New JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkOhioOklahomaOregonSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasVermontWyomingLouisianaMissouriNorth CarolinaUtahWashington

YES 31%

NO 69%

YESAlabamaArkansasConnecticutDelawareGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMichiganMontanaNebraskaNew YorkNorth DakotaSouth CarolinaTennesseeVermontWest Virginia

NOAlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasMaineMarylandMassachusettsMinnesotaMississippiMissouri

NevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNorth CarolinaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth DakotaTexasUtahVirginiaWashingtonWisconsinWyoming

YES 61% NO 39%

YESArkansasFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMissouriMontanaNevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNew York

North CarolinaOklahomaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeUtahVermontVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

NOAlabamaAlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisMaineMississippiNebraskaNew HampshireNorth DakotaOhioOregonSouth DakotaTexasWashington

YESAlabamaArkansasCaliforniaDelawareFloridaHawaiiIdahoIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMississippiMontanaNevadaNew York

North CarolinaNorth DakotaOklahomaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

NOAlaskaArizonaColoradoConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaMinnesotaMissouriNebraskaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoOhioOregonSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtah

YES 61% NO 39%

5.1a States with Professional Development Standards, 2009 5.1b States that Finance Professional Development for All Districts, 2009 5.1c States that Require Districts/Schools to Set Aside Time for Professional Development, 2009 5.1d States that Require Districts to Align Professional Development with Local Priorities and Goals, 2009 5.1e States that Provide Incentives for Teachers to Earn National Board Certification, 2009

YES 78%

NO 22%

YESAlabamaArizonaArkansasColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippi

MissouriMontanaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest Virginia

NOAlaskaCaliforniaDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisNebraskaNevadaSouth DakotaTexasWisconsinWyoming

YES 45% NO 55%

YESAlabamaArkansasDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIowaKentuckyMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMontanaNebraskaNevadaNorth DakotaPennsylvaniaRhode Island

South CarolinaVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsin

NO AlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasMississippiNew Hampshire

New JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkOhioOklahomaOregonSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasVermontWyomingLouisianaMissouriNorth CarolinaUtahWashington

YES 31%

NO 69%

YESAlabamaArkansasConnecticutDelawareGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMichiganMontanaNebraskaNew YorkNorth DakotaSouth CarolinaTennesseeVermontWest Virginia

NOAlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasMaineMarylandMassachusettsMinnesotaMississippiMissouri

NevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNorth CarolinaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth DakotaTexasUtahVirginiaWashingtonWisconsinWyoming

YES 61% NO 39%

YESArkansasFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMissouriMontanaNevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNew York

North CarolinaOklahomaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeUtahVermontVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

NOAlabamaAlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaIdahoIllinoisMaineMississippiNebraskaNew HampshireNorth DakotaOhioOregonSouth DakotaTexasWashington

YESAlabamaArkansasCaliforniaDelawareFloridaHawaiiIdahoIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMississippiMontanaNevadaNew York

North CarolinaNorth DakotaOklahomaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

NOAlaskaArizonaColoradoConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaMinnesotaMissouriNebraskaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoOhioOregonSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtah

States that Finance Teacher Professional Development for All Districts, 2012Source: “Quality Counts,” Education Week, 2012

States that Require Districts/Schools to Set Aside Time for Teacher Professional Development, 2010Source: “Quality Counts,” Education Week, 2010

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendation Five 21


TwoSixClarify and simplify the admission process.

WE RECOMMEND that public and private institutions of higher education continue to uphold the highest professional standards in admission and financial aid, and collaborate to make the admission process more transparent and less complex.

The extent to which the college admission process is clear and easy to navigate influences the proportion of students applying. If it is opaque, it may have a discouraging effect, particularly on students who come from families that have no experience with the process. Nationally, we continue to see disparities in the rate of immediate transition to college among students from families of different income levels, between males and females, and among students of different races and ethnicities. For example, Hispanic high school graduates continue to be less likely than black, white or Asian students to transition immediately to college.19 What is perhaps most disappointing in the data is that there is no clear upward trend over the last decade. In 2000, 63.3 percent of high school graduates attended college in the fall after high school graduation and, in 2010, 68.1 percent did so. However, we had reached a higher level of immediate transition in 2009, with 70.1 percent attending college.

The College Board’s Task Force on Admissions in the 21st Century, convened in 2007, issued a report in 2010 on complexity in the college admission process.20 A major finding of the report was that the more colleges students applied to, the more stressful the experience was for them, and the primary stressor was that different applications had different requirements. There has been some progress toward helping anxious seniors who apply to many colleges; nationally, the percentage of four-year colleges with online applications has steadily increased over time, and almost one-quarter now accept the common, or universal, application. One-third of states offer a statewide common application for their own four-year public postsecondary institutions.

It is important that the college application and admission process be transparent and straightforward, because increasing the number of colleges to which a student applies increases the probability of being accepted at an institution that

22

Recommendation Six 23completionagenda.collegeboard.org

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009200019991998

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MississippiMassachusetts

New YorkSouth Dakota

New JerseySouth Carolina

GeorgiaMinnesota

VirginiaConnecticut

New MexicoNorth DakotaRhode Island

AlabamaDelaware


NebraskaKansas

CaliforniaLouisiana

IowaPennsylvania

New HampshireUNITED STATES

MarylandOhio

ColoradoArkansas

HawaiiTennessee

KentuckyMissouri

MichiganWyoming

WisconsinWest Virginia

FloridaUtah

IllinoisMaineTexas

OklahomaNevada

District of ColumbiaMontana

ArizonaWashington

IdahoVermontOregonAlaska

77.4% 74.7%74.2% 72.1%71.1%70.4% 69.6%69.2%68.7%68.0%67.7%67.6%67.4%66.7%66.1%66.0%65.7%65.5%65.4%65.4%65.3%64.3%63.9%63.9%63.8%62.9%62.7%62.6%62.5%62.3%61.6%60.9%60.0%59.9%59.4%59.1%59.1%58.8%58.5%57.4%57.1%56.9%56.0%55.6%53.5%51.9%51.4%50.7%49.1%48.3%46.5%45.7%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


AlabamaCaliforniaNew York

North CarolinaLouisiana

GeorgiaNew Mexico

IndianaVirginiaKansas

ArkansasIowa


UtahNebraskaMichigan

OhioPennsylvaniaWest Virginia

TennesseeFlorida


MinnesotaMissouri

TexasOklahoma

North DakotaColorado

WisconsinArizona

WyomingDelaware

Rhode IslandHawaii

NevadaNew Jersey

IllinoisWashington

MontanaMaryland

MaineConnecticut

OregonIdaho

New HampshireAlaska

VermontDistrict of Columbia

71.7%63.5%60.4%59.9%59.8%59.1%59.0%58.0%57.9%57.7%56.2%55.7%55.6%55.0%54.9%54.0%53.6%53.5%53.3%52.6%52.5%52.4%52.3%52.0%51.8%50.6%50.0%49.9%49.8%49.5%48.5%47.7%47.7%45.9%45.1%44.7%44.3%41.8%41.8%41.4%40.9%39.9%39.6%39.2%38.7%37.4%35.3%34.4%33.2%26.4%21.4%11.2%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

District of ColumbiaNew Hampshire

ConnecticutNew Jersey

VermontMassachusetts

MarylandRhode Island

DelawareHawaiiAlaska

MinnesotaNorth Dakota

MaineSouth Dakota

IllinoisColorado

IdahoNew YorkWyoming

NevadaVirginia

MontanaUNITED STATES

NebraskaGeorgia


OregonWashington

OhioMissouri

New MexicoKansas

IowaTennessee

IndianaTexas

KentuckySouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

ArkansasFlorida

MichiganWest Virginia

OklahomaAlabama

LouisianaMississippi

CaliforniaArizona

Utah

42.3%30.7%30.6%29.7%26.9%24.0%23.7%23.1%21.5%20.5%19.3%19.2%19.1%18.4%17.1%16.5%14.9%14.6%14.4%14.3%13.8%12.5%12.3%12.0%11.9%11.6%11.4%11.4%11.3%10.8%10.1%10.0%9.8%9.7%9.3%9.3%7.9%7.1%7.0%6.9%6.9%6.9%6.8%6.7%6.7%6.5%6.3%6.3%5.7%5.6%5.5%4.9%

68.1%65.6%

62.9%

63.3%

61.7%

65.2%

63.9%

66.7%

68.6%

66.0%

67.2%

68.6%

70.1%

68.5% 66.3%

African American Hispanic White

65.7% 64.2%68.9% 66.2% 68.8%

73.2%68.5% 69.5% 71.7%

59.8%51.9% 58.6%

47.4%

56.3%48.6% 52.7%

56.3% 57.2%54.7%

60.0%57.7%

58.8%57.7%

58.2%57.5% 55.6%

58.5%55.7%62.0%

55.7%63.9%

77.5% 76.1%

Low IncomeMiddle IncomeHigh Income76.9% 79.9% 78.2% 80.1% 80.1% 81.2% 80.7% 78.2%

81.9%

50.9%

64.7%

48.5%

59.4%

47.8%

59.5% 56.3%

50.0% 51.0%

60.7%

52.6%

57.6%

51.4%

63.3%

50.8%

65.1%

54.5%

61.4%

55.3%

63.3%

57.1%

65.2%

82.3% 82.2%

High school or lessSome collegeBachelor’s degree or higher81.2% 81.3% 82.6% 82.1%

85.9% 88.8%78.2%

85.8% 82.4%

55.7%

67.7%

49.8%

60.3%

50.1%

63.8% 62.0%

48.9% 49.7%

65.9%

51.6%

62.9%

50.8%

67.0%

57.6%

65.6%

53.2%

67.0%

50.9%

65.2%

53.8%

72.0%

Male Female

62.4%69.1%

61.4%64.4%

59.9%66.2%

63.6%59.7%

62.1%68.3%

61.2%66.5%

61.4%71.5%

66.5%70.4%

65.8%66.1%

66.1%68.3%

62.8%

66.0%

65.9%74.0%

73.8%

71.6%

6.4a Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion, 1998–2008

6.4b Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion by By Race/Ethnicity1, 1998–2008

6.4d Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion By Family Income, 1998–2008

Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion By Parental Education1, 1998–2008


Immediately Following High School Completion By Gender, 1998–2008

6.4f Rate of High School Graduates Going to College by State Rank, 2008 6.4g Rate of High School Graduates Going to College In-State by State Rank, 2008 6.4h Rate of High School Graduates Going to College Out of State by State Rank, 2008

24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

AVG

63.8%

AVG

51.8% AVG

12.0%

Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges Immediately Following High School Completion, 1998–2010Source: NCES, Condition of Education, 2012 Note: High school completers refer to those who received a high school diploma or equivalency certificate. This indicator provides data on high school completers ages 16–24, who account for about 98 percent of all high school completers in a given year.

is financially accessible and a good match.21 Lower-income students tend to apply to fewer colleges than their higher-income counterparts, and College Board research has found that simply increasing the number of colleges to which a student applies from one to two can significantly increase the probability of enrolling in a four-year college.22 The College Board’s Task Force report also found that first-generation and lower-income students were less likely to receive help from their parents and more likely to rely on high school counselors and teachers for help with the application process. These findings have implications for the training and professional development of high school staff in college admission counseling, as emphasized earlier.

24

Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges Immediately Following High School Completion by Gender, 1998–2010 Source: NCES, Condition of Education, 2012 Note: High school completers refer to those who received a high school diploma or equivalency certificate. This indicator provides data on high school completers ages 16–24, who account for about 98 percent of all high school completers in a given year.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008200019991998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009200019991998

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MississippiMassachusetts

New YorkSouth Dakota

New JerseySouth Carolina

GeorgiaMinnesota

VirginiaConnecticut

New MexicoNorth DakotaRhode Island

AlabamaDelaware


NebraskaKansas

CaliforniaLouisiana

IowaPennsylvania

New HampshireUNITED STATES

MarylandOhio

ColoradoArkansas

HawaiiTennessee

KentuckyMissouri

MichiganWyoming

WisconsinWest Virginia

FloridaUtah

IllinoisMaineTexas

OklahomaNevada

District of ColumbiaMontana

ArizonaWashington

IdahoVermontOregonAlaska

77.4% 74.7%74.2% 72.1%71.1%70.4% 69.6%69.2%68.7%68.0%67.7%67.6%67.4%66.7%66.1%66.0%65.7%65.5%65.4%65.4%65.3%64.3%63.9%63.9%63.8%62.9%62.7%62.6%62.5%62.3%61.6%60.9%60.0%59.9%59.4%59.1%59.1%58.8%58.5%57.4%57.1%56.9%56.0%55.6%53.5%51.9%51.4%50.7%49.1%48.3%46.5%45.7%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


AlabamaCaliforniaNew York


GeorgiaNew Mexico

IndianaVirginiaKansas

ArkansasIowa


UtahNebraskaMichigan

OhioPennsylvaniaWest Virginia

TennesseeFlorida


MinnesotaMissouri

TexasOklahoma

North DakotaColorado

WisconsinArizona

WyomingDelaware

Rhode IslandHawaii

NevadaNew Jersey

IllinoisWashington

MontanaMaryland

MaineConnecticut

OregonIdaho

New HampshireAlaska

VermontDistrict of Columbia

71.7%63.5%60.4%59.9%59.8%59.1%59.0%58.0%57.9%57.7%56.2%55.7%55.6%55.0%54.9%54.0%53.6%53.5%53.3%52.6%52.5%52.4%52.3%52.0%51.8%50.6%50.0%49.9%49.8%49.5%48.5%47.7%47.7%45.9%45.1%44.7%44.3%41.8%41.8%41.4%40.9%39.9%39.6%39.2%38.7%37.4%35.3%34.4%33.2%26.4%21.4%11.2%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

District of ColumbiaNew Hampshire

ConnecticutNew Jersey

VermontMassachusetts

MarylandRhode Island

DelawareHawaiiAlaska

MinnesotaNorth Dakota

MaineSouth Dakota

IllinoisColorado

IdahoNew YorkWyoming

NevadaVirginia

MontanaUNITED STATES

NebraskaGeorgia


OregonWashington

OhioMissouri

New MexicoKansas

IowaTennessee

IndianaTexas

KentuckySouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

ArkansasFlorida

MichiganWest Virginia

OklahomaAlabama

LouisianaMississippi

CaliforniaArizona

Utah

42.3%30.7%30.6%29.7%26.9%24.0%23.7%23.1%21.5%20.5%19.3%19.2%19.1%18.4%17.1%16.5%14.9%14.6%14.4%14.3%13.8%12.5%12.3%12.0%11.9%11.6%11.4%11.4%11.3%10.8%10.1%10.0%9.8%9.7%9.3%9.3%7.9%7.1%7.0%6.9%6.9%6.9%6.8%6.7%6.7%6.5%6.3%6.3%5.7%5.6%5.5%4.9%

68.1%65.6%

62.9%

63.3%

61.7%

65.2%

63.9%

66.7%

68.6%

66.0%

67.2%

68.6%

70.1%

68.5% 66.3%

African American Hispanic White

65.7% 64.2%68.9% 66.2% 68.8%

73.2%68.5% 69.5% 71.7%

59.8%51.9% 58.6%

47.4%

56.3%48.6% 52.7%

56.3% 57.2%54.7%

60.0%57.7%

58.8%57.7%

58.2%57.5% 55.6%

58.5%55.7%62.0%

55.7%63.9%

77.5% 76.1%

Low IncomeMiddle IncomeHigh Income76.9% 79.9% 78.2% 80.1% 80.1% 81.2% 80.7% 78.2%

81.9%

50.9%

64.7%

48.5%

59.4%

47.8%

59.5% 56.3%

50.0% 51.0%

60.7%

52.6%

57.6%

51.4%

63.3%

50.8%

65.1%

54.5%

61.4%

55.3%

63.3%

57.1%

65.2%

82.3% 82.2%

High school or lessSome collegeBachelor’s degree or higher81.2% 81.3% 82.6% 82.1%

85.9% 88.8%78.2%

85.8% 82.4%

55.7%

67.7%

49.8%

60.3%

50.1%

63.8% 62.0%

48.9% 49.7%

65.9%

51.6%

62.9%

50.8%

67.0%

57.6%

65.6%

53.2%

67.0%

50.9%

65.2%

53.8%

72.0%

Male Female

62.4%69.1%

61.4%64.4%

59.9%66.2%

63.6%59.7%

62.1%68.3%

61.2%66.5%

61.4%71.5%

66.5%70.4%

65.8%66.1%

66.1%68.3%

62.8%

66.0%

65.9%74.0%

73.8%

71.6%

6.4a Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion, 1998–2008

6.4b Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion by By Race/Ethnicity1, 1998–2008

6.4d Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in Two- or Four-Year Colleges

Immediately Following High School Completion By Family Income, 1998–2008


Immediately Following High School Completion By Parental Education1, 1998–2008


Immediately Following High School Completion By Gender, 1998–2008

6.4f Rate of High School Graduates Going to College by State Rank, 2008 6.4g Rate of High School Graduates Going to College In-State by State Rank, 2008 6.4h Rate of High School Graduates Going to College Out of State by State Rank, 2008

24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

AVG

63.8%

AVG

51.8% AVG

12.0%

Male Female


25

TwoSeven & EightProvide more need-based grant aid while simplifying the financial aid system and making it more transparent. Keep college affordable.

WE RECOMMEND that federal and state officials encourage increased access by providing more need-based grant aid, by making the process of applying for financial assistance more transparent and predictable, and by finding ways to inform families, as early as the middle school years, of aid amounts likely to be available to individual students.

WE RECOMMEND restraining growth in college costs and prices, using available aid and resources wisely, and insisting that state governments meet their obligations for funding higher education.

To reach our college completion goals, more students and their families need financial assistance with ever-rising tuition. Such financial assistance includes federal grants and loans as well as state and institutional grants, among other types. Over the last decade, total financial aid per full-time equivalent student has increased tremendously; both grant aid and loans have increased.23 Also, the number of students receiving Pell Grants — the central source of federal financial aid for low- and moderate-income students — more than doubled, from 4.3 million to 9.4 million students. With this enormous increase in Pell Grants and additional increases in financial aid to veterans, federal grant aid has risen tremendously, by 185 percent, over the most recent decade.

Thus, more students — especially lower-income students — are receiving more aid. But does that translate into greater college affordability? As the College Board’s recent Trends in College Pricing points out, college prices have been rising more rapidly over the last three decades than the prices of other goods

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendations Seven & Eight 25


and services that are used to compute inflation in the overall U.S. economy.24 Further, the press has been recently focused on rising student debt loads.

The data presented in Trends in College Pricing show that the estimated average net price paid by full-time students in public four-year colleges is higher in 2012-13 than five years ago. But for students in public two-year and private four-year institutions, average net prices (adjusted for inflation) are actually lower now than five years ago, despite rising tuition. In addition, while tuition has continued to climb, the average annual percentage increase is smaller for private four-year institutions than in the previous two decades. Increases at public institutions (both two year and four year) have been larger, likely in response to the reduction by many states in appropriations for higher education per full-time-equivalent student. Still, the good news is that even with rising tuition coupled with family incomes hard hit by the recession, Pell-eligible students who attended public two-year colleges found that, on average, their tuition and fees were entirely covered by their grants.

Average Annual Percentage Increases in Inflation-Adjusted Published Prices by Decade, 1982-83 to 2012-13Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2012

Figure 8.2a: Average Estimated Undergraduate Budgets by Type and Control of Institution,

2010-2011 (Enrollment-Weighted)

Figure 8.2b: Average Published Charges for Undergraduates by Carnegie Classification,


Figure 8.2c: Average Annual Percentage Increase in Inflation-Adjusted Published Prices by Decade,

1980-1981 to 2010-2011

Figure 8.2d: National Average Published Tuition and Fees Charges in

Constant 2010 Dollars, 1981-2011 (Enrollment Weighted)

Figure 8.2e: In-State Tuition Prices at Public Two-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Public2-Year*

Public4-Year

(In-State)

Public4-Year

(Out-of-State)

Private4-Year

(Non profit)

In T

hous

ands

35

Private4-Year

(For-profit)*

40

45

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Public Doctoral

(In-State)

Public Master's

(In-State)

Public Bachelor's

(In-State)

Private Doctoral

In T

hous

ands

35

Private Master's

40

45

Private Bachelor's

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1982-83 1992-93 2012-13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

CaliforniaNew Mexico

North CarolinaTexas

ArizonaMississippi

WyomingLouisiana

NevadaKansas

NebraskaArkansas

IdahoMissouri

West VirginiaMichigan

HawaiiUNITED STATES

FloridaGeorgia

OklahomaUtah

DelawareIllinois

MontanaColorado

TennesseeMaine

WashingtonConnecticut

AlabamaIndiana

OhioMaryland

VirginiaPennsylvania

AlaskaWisconsin

Rhode IslandSouth Carolina

OregonNorth Dakota

KentuckyIowa

New YorkNew Jersey

South DakotaMassachusetts

MinnesotaVermont

New HampshireDistrict of Columbia

$820 $1,326 $1,773 $1,840 $1,967 $2,099 $2,173 $2,222 $2,243 $2,265 $2,400 $2,511 $2,547 $2,582 $2,625 $2,681 $2,709 $2,713 $2,770 $2,821 $2,833 $2,870 $2,889 $3,010 $3,014 $3,041 $3,206 $3,261 $3,396 $3,407 $3,420 $3,447 $3,474 $3,559 $3,595 $3,598 $3,610 $3,618 $3,652 $3,655 $3,754 $3,892 $3,900 $3,915 $3,965 $3,990 $4,578 $4,581 $4,936 $6,250 $6,258 NA

In Thousands

Figure 8.2f: In-State Tuition Prices at Public Four-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

WyomingLouisiana

FloridaUtah

West VirginiaNew Mexico

North CarolinaAlaska

MississippiIdaho

NevadaMontana

OklahomaNew York

GeorgiaArkansas

South DakotaTennessee

North DakotaNebraska

KansasColorado

District of ColumbiaIowa

MissouriAlabama

OregonHawaii

KentuckyCalifornia

UNITED STATESWisconsin

TexasMaryland

IndianaArizona

WashingtonOhio

VirginiaConnecticut

MaineRhode Island

MinnesotaMassachusetts

DelawareSouth Carolina

MichiganIllinois

PennsylvaniaNew Jersey

New HampshireVermont

$3,927 $4,727 $4,886 $4,923 $5,049 $5,169 $5,196 $5,283 $5,289 $5,331 $5,331 $5,613 $5,762 $5,790 $5,916 $6,298 $6,308 $6,525 $6,568 $6,590 $6,666 $6,856 $7,000 $7,154 $7,264 $7,374 $7,439 $7,475 $7,511 $7,557 $7,605 $7,652 $7,743 $7,744 $8,012 $8,083 $8,210 $8,617 $8,814 $8,977 $9,048 $9,329 $9,372 $9,488 $9,659 $10,155 $10,170 $10,975 $11,370 $11,667 $11,969 $12,463

In Thousands

Figure 8.2g: In-State Tuition Prices at Private Four-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

UtahIdaho

HawaiiDelaware

MississippiNorth DakotaWest Virginia

AlabamaArkansasMichigan

KansasNebraskaOklahomaKentucky

South CarolinaMontana


VirginiaMissouriNevadaAlaska

GeorgiaIowa

TexasFlorida

ArizonaNorth Carolina

WisconsinOhio

UNITED STATESIllinois

IndianaLouisiana

MinnesotaWashington

OregonMaine

New MexicoNew Jersey

PennsylvaniaNew YorkColorado



District of ColumbiaCalifornia

ConnecticutMassachusetts

Wyoming

$5,869 $6,420 $12,177 $13,991 $14,096 $14,318 $17,329 $17,435 $17,603 $18,554 $20,079 $20,175 $20,887 $20,996 $21,130 $21,797 $21,842 $22,478 $23,420 $23,670 $24,560 $24,824 $24,948 $25,271 $25,277 $25,482 $25,852 $26,002 $26,044 $27,156 $27,293 $27,505 $28,254 $28,454 $29,983 $30,172 $30,389 $30,557 $31,004 $31,012 $31,317 $31,811 $32,117 $32,420 $32,530 $32,774 $33,125 $34,095 $34,260 $34,608 $35,148 NA

In Thousands

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2010-11

2008-09

1980-81

1982-83

1984-85

1986-87

1988-89

1990-91

1992-93

1994-95

1996-97

1998-99

2000-01

2002-03

2004-05

2006-07

In T

hous

ands

Tuition and FeesRoom and BoardTotal Charges


$2,7

13

$7,6

05

$8,5

35

$16,

140 $1

9,59

5

$8,5

35

$28,

130

$27,

293

$9,7

00

$36,

993

$13,

935

$8,5

03

$8,9

98$1

7,50

1

$6,5

88

$7,8

22$1

4,41

0

$6,2

24 $7,9

35

$14,

159

$33,

679

$11,

306

$44,

985

$24,

438

$9,2

84

$33,

722

$24,

555

$8,8

46

$33,

401

3.9%

2.4%

5.2%5.1%

4.6%4.6%

1.6%

3.2%3.0%

Private Nonprofit Four-Year Public Four-Year Public Two-Year

$27,293.00

$7,605.10$2,712.68

$9,535.02$2,119.48$1,030.74

$17,463.53$4,018.55

$1,901.34

Private, 4-Year Public, 4-Year Public, 2-Year 17

U.S. Average

33*

States

States

30

U.S. Average

21

States

States

30

U.S. Average

20*

States

States

AVG

7,605$

AVG

27,293$

AVG

2,713$

Figure 8.2a: Average Estimated Undergraduate Budgets by Type and Control of Institution,


Figure 8.2b: Average Published Charges for Undergraduates by Carnegie Classification,


Figure 8.2c: Average Annual Percentage Increase in Inflation-Adjusted Published Prices by Decade,

1980-1981 to 2010-2011

Figure 8.2d: National Average Published Tuition and Fees Charges in

Constant 2010 Dollars, 1981-2011 (Enrollment Weighted)

Figure 8.2e: In-State Tuition Prices at Public Two-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Public2-Year*

Public4-Year

(In-State)

Public4-Year

(Out-of-State)

Private4-Year

(Non profit)

In T

hous

ands

35

Private4-Year

(For-profit)*

40

45

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Public Doctoral

(In-State)

Public Master's

(In-State)

Public Bachelor's

(In-State)

Private Doctoral

In T

hous

ands

35

Private Master's

40

45

Private Bachelor's

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1982-83 1992-93 2012-13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

CaliforniaNew Mexico

North CarolinaTexas

ArizonaMississippi

WyomingLouisiana

NevadaKansas

NebraskaArkansas

IdahoMissouri

West VirginiaMichigan

HawaiiUNITED STATES

FloridaGeorgia

OklahomaUtah

DelawareIllinois

MontanaColorado

TennesseeMaine

WashingtonConnecticut

AlabamaIndiana

OhioMaryland


AlaskaWisconsin

Rhode IslandSouth Carolina

OregonNorth Dakota

KentuckyIowa

New YorkNew Jersey

South DakotaMassachusetts

MinnesotaVermont

New HampshireDistrict of Columbia

$820 $1,326 $1,773 $1,840 $1,967 $2,099 $2,173 $2,222 $2,243 $2,265 $2,400 $2,511 $2,547 $2,582 $2,625 $2,681 $2,709 $2,713 $2,770 $2,821 $2,833 $2,870 $2,889 $3,010 $3,014 $3,041 $3,206 $3,261 $3,396 $3,407 $3,420 $3,447 $3,474 $3,559 $3,595 $3,598 $3,610 $3,618 $3,652 $3,655 $3,754 $3,892 $3,900 $3,915 $3,965 $3,990 $4,578 $4,581 $4,936 $6,250 $6,258 NA

In Thousands

Figure 8.2f: In-State Tuition Prices at Public Four-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

WyomingLouisiana

FloridaUtah

West VirginiaNew Mexico

North CarolinaAlaska

MississippiIdaho

NevadaMontana

OklahomaNew York

GeorgiaArkansas


North DakotaNebraska

KansasColorado

District of ColumbiaIowa

MissouriAlabama

OregonHawaii

KentuckyCalifornia

UNITED STATESWisconsin

TexasMaryland

IndianaArizona

WashingtonOhio

VirginiaConnecticut

MaineRhode Island

MinnesotaMassachusetts

DelawareSouth Carolina

MichiganIllinois

PennsylvaniaNew Jersey


$3,927 $4,727 $4,886 $4,923 $5,049 $5,169 $5,196 $5,283 $5,289 $5,331 $5,331 $5,613 $5,762 $5,790 $5,916 $6,298 $6,308 $6,525 $6,568 $6,590 $6,666 $6,856 $7,000 $7,154 $7,264 $7,374 $7,439 $7,475 $7,511 $7,557 $7,605 $7,652 $7,743 $7,744 $8,012 $8,083 $8,210 $8,617 $8,814 $8,977 $9,048 $9,329 $9,372 $9,488 $9,659 $10,155 $10,170 $10,975 $11,370 $11,667 $11,969 $12,463

In Thousands

Figure 8.2g: In-State Tuition Prices at Private Four-Year Institutions by State Rank, 2010-2011

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

UtahIdaho

HawaiiDelaware

MississippiNorth DakotaWest Virginia

AlabamaArkansasMichigan

KansasNebraskaOklahomaKentucky



VirginiaMissouriNevadaAlaska

GeorgiaIowa

TexasFlorida

ArizonaNorth Carolina

WisconsinOhio


IndianaLouisiana

MinnesotaWashington

OregonMaine

New MexicoNew Jersey

PennsylvaniaNew YorkColorado



District of ColumbiaCalifornia


Wyoming

$5,869 $6,420 $12,177 $13,991 $14,096 $14,318 $17,329 $17,435 $17,603 $18,554 $20,079 $20,175 $20,887 $20,996 $21,130 $21,797 $21,842 $22,478 $23,420 $23,670 $24,560 $24,824 $24,948 $25,271 $25,277 $25,482 $25,852 $26,002 $26,044 $27,156 $27,293 $27,505 $28,254 $28,454 $29,983 $30,172 $30,389 $30,557 $31,004 $31,012 $31,317 $31,811 $32,117 $32,420 $32,530 $32,774 $33,125 $34,095 $34,260 $34,608 $35,148 NA

In Thousands

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2010-11

2008-09

1980-81

1982-83

1984-85

1986-87

1988-89

1990-91

1992-93

1994-95

1996-97

1998-99

2000-01

2002-03

2004-05

2006-07

In T

hous

ands



$2,7

13

$7,6

05

$8,5

35

$16,

140 $1

9,59

5

$8,5

35

$28,

130

$27,

293

$9,7

00

$36,

993

$13,

935

$8,5

03

$8,9

98$1

7,50

1

$6,5

88

$7,8

22$1

4,41

0

$6,2

24 $7,9

35

$14,

159

$33,

679

$11,

306

$44,

985

$24,

438

$9,2

84

$33,

722

$24,

555

$8,8

46

$33,

401

3.9%

2.4%

5.2%5.1%

4.6%4.6%

1.6%

3.2%3.0%

Private Nonprofit Four-Year Public Four-Year Public Two-Year

$27,293.00

$7,605.10$2,712.68

$9,535.02$2,119.48$1,030.74

$17,463.53$4,018.55

$1,901.34

Private, 4-Year Public, 4-Year Public, 2-Year 17

U.S. Average

33*

States

States

30

U.S. Average

21

States

States

30

U.S. Average

20*

States

States

AVG

7,605$

AVG

27,293$

AVG

2,713$

Average Total and Net Tuition and Fees and Room and Board in Constant 2012 Dollars for Full-Time Undergraduate Students, 2012-13 (Estimated)Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2012

Figure 8.3a: Student Aid and Nonfederal Loans per FTE Used to Finance

Postsecondary Education Expenses, 1999-2000 to 2009-10 (in Constant 2009 Dollars)

Figure 8.3d: Total Student Aid by Source (in Billions), 2009-10

0

40

80

120

160

200

Education TaxCredits andDeductions

FederalLoans

TotalFederalWork-Study

InstitutionalGrants

PellGrants

OtherFederal Grant

Programs

In B

illio

ns

Private andEmployer

Grants

StateGrants

Figure 8.3e: Number of Recipients of Federal Aid by Program (with Average Aid Received), 2009-10

ACG FederalEducation Tax

Benefits

FederalPell Grant

FSEOG PerkinsLoan

Post-9/11GI Bill Veterans

Benefits

SMART Work-Study

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

12

Figure 8.3f. Proportion of Undergraduate Students Borrowing Federal Stafford Loans,

1999-2000, 2004-05, and 2009-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2000-01(2.5% with PLUS)

2005-06(3.6% with PLUS)

2010-11(3.5% with PLUS)

Figure 8.3g. Published Net Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students, 2010

1973-74

1976-77

1979-80

1982-83

1985-86

1988-89

1991-92

1994-95

1997-98

2000-01

2003-04

2006-07

2009-10

In T

hous

ands

0

5

10

15

20

25

Figure 8.3b: Total Student Aid and Nonfederal Loans per FTE Used to Finance

Undergraduate Postsecondary Education Expenses, 1999-2000 to 2009-10 (in Constant 2009 Dollars)

1995-96

1997-98

1999-00

2001-02

2003-04

2005-06

2007-08

2009-10

1996-97

1998-99

2000-01

2002-03

2004-05

2006-07

2008-09

2010-11

In T

hous

ands

0

5

10

15

20

25

Figure 8.3c: Total Student Aid and Nonfederal Loans per FTE Used to Finance

Postsecondary Education Expenses of Graduate Students, 1990-2000 to 2009-10 (in Constant 2009 Dollars)

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

In T

hous

ands

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12

In ThousandsIn M

illio

ns

TotalPublic 2-Year

NetPublic 2-Year

TotalPublic 4-Year

NetPublic 4-Year

TotalPrivate 4-Year

NetPrivate 4-Year

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30 Tuition and FeesRoom and Board

$13.4

$70.0

$1.0

$29.7$13.1

$34.8

$6.6 $9.1

$177.6 No Stafford Loans Subsidized Only Unsubsidized Only Both Subsidized & Unsubsidized78%

10%

$3,130

$7,420

-$1,220

$7,420

$8,660

$9,200

$13,880

$10,460

$29,060

$10,460

$2,910

$9,200

4%8%

72%

11%5%

13%

66%

25%

4%5%

$6,368

$985 $2,114

$6,566

$3,497 $3,027

$13,914

$4,678 $5,260

$4,907

$2,967 $3,241

$6,539

$3,346 $4,369

$16,423

$8,425

$10,410

$6,750$3,984

$5,183

0.79

$697 1.34

$566

0.15

$2,560

0.71$1,642

0.61

$7,282

0.49

$1,969

9.08

$3,828

12.00

$1,236

2009-10 Recipients2009-10 Aid per recipient

In T

hous

ands

Tuition and Fees Room and Board

Recommendations Seven & Eight 27completionagenda.collegeboard.org


TwoNineDramatically increase college completion rates.

WE RECOMMEND that institutions of higher education set out to dramatically increase college completion rates by improving retention, easing transfer among institutions, and implementing data-based strategies to identify retention and dropout challenges.

College graduation rates appear to be barely increasing, if at all. The three-year graduation rate for students in two-year colleges was 29.9 percent in 2010, up just slightly from the previous year. The two-year graduation rate for these students remains very low, at only about 20 percent. The average six-year graduation rate for students seeking bachelor’s degrees in four-year institutions was 58.8 percent in 2010, just one-half a percentage point above the previous year.

As explained in the introduction, these indicators are constrained (among other ways) in that they measure completion only for students who enroll in and graduate from the same institution. Researchers are finding new methods of tracking students from one institution to another to enable counting completions for a larger portion of the student population. Also as described in the introduction, the absolute number of degrees awarded annually is rising rapidly, particularly with regard to associate degrees.

There are currently numerous national, state, and institution-led efforts focused on improving college completion rates, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Completion by Design initiative, Lumina Foundation’s Achieving the Dream initiative and Complete College America. A common element is the use of state- or institution-level data to identify major points of student failure and dropout, and to design targeted strategies to prevent such loss. There has also been significant attention by researchers, policymakers and practitioners to the challenge of incoming college students’ remedial needs. Experimentation with new types of remedial interventions has yielded some promising results.25


National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor’s Degree–Seeking Students, 2002–2010Source: NCES IPEDS Graduation and Institutional Characteristics Survey, 2008

30

40

50

60

70

80

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

American Indian

AsianAfricanAmerican

Hispanic White

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

73.2%69.9%68.0%67.2%66.4%65.9%65.5%65.0%65.0%63.6%63.6%63.4%63.0%62.9%62.3%60.3%59.8%58.9%58.6%58.4%58.4%58.2%58.2%57.7%57.3%57.0%57.0%56.3%55.9%53.9%52.7%52.5%52.2%50.9%50.8%50.7%50.6%47.6%47.1%47.1%46.4%46.4%45.5%43.8%42.8%42.4%41.9%41.7%40.1%36.8%36.0%25.5%

District of ColumbiaMassachusetts

WashingtonDelaware

PennsylvaniaRhode Island

New HampshireConnecticut

MarylandCalifornia

VirginiaNew York

New JerseyVermont

IowaIllinois

WisconsinMinnesota

IndianaMaine

MichiganNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina

UNITED STATESFlorida

NebraskaOhio

OregonMissouriColorado

UtahWyoming

KansasGeorgia

TexasTennesseeMississippi

South DakotaAlabama

OklahomaNorth DakotaWest Virginia

KentuckyHawaii

ArkansasLouisianaMontana

NevadaNew Mexico

IdahoArizonaAlaska

1173286

1269

162530

13149

1693119376940424819515833

1,903771984275633131

26537349181633291021306

2123107

1410204

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%86.7%60.9%57.1%54.5%46.7%45.7%41.2%39.8%38.7%38.5%38.0%37.6%37.0%33.3%33.3%31.0%31.0%30.0%25.0%22.0%20.0%13.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

IowaMassachusetts

PennsylvaniaOhio

New YorkVirginiaFloridaTexas

CaliforniaColoradoMissouri


GeorgiaConnecticut

OregonDistrict of Columbia

WashingtonNew Jersey

NevadaHawaii

UtahArizona

MinnesotaAlabama

IdahoKentuckyMarylandMichiganOklahoma

TennesseeVermont

WisconsinIndianaKansas

LouisianaNew Mexico

North CarolinaSouth Carolina

South DakotaWest Virginia

AlaskaArkansasDelaware

MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska

New HampshireNorth DakotaRhode Island

Wyoming

537397

244

2513

9207

10523181315

12842112331441142231

NANANANANANANANANANANA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

68.7%68.3%65.0%60.8%59.7%59.2%59.0%57.1%55.8%54.9%54.3%53.8%52.5%52.0%52.0%51.8%51.5%51.1%49.3%49.0%47.5%47.4%46.9%46.4%44.6%44.5%44.4%43.9%43.1%42.6%42.4%41.6%41.1%40.0%39.2%38.6%38.5%38.3%37.8%37.8%37.6%37.3%36.7%36.0%33.3%29.7%28.9%28.8%28.3%21.9%18.9%0.0%

MarylandDelaware


New HampshireWashington

IowaFlorida

MichiganPennsylvania

VermontNorth Carolina

New JerseyCalifornia

GeorgiaArizona

MissouriConnecticut

MinnesotaWisconsin

OhioOregon

UNITED STATESKansas

NebraskaOklahomaWyoming

IndianaColorado

IllinoisAlabama

New YorkWest Virginia

MaineMassachusetts


KentuckyMississippi

TexasNevada

LouisianaTennessee

UtahArkansas

North DakotaHawaii

MontanaIdaho

South DakotaAlaska

District of Columbia

122

1511

562

111541

516123020

313

9111325

7557

86

141

141311133811

813

6288

293

1396

106264731

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

81.0%77.7%76.9%71.0%70.8%70.7%70.4%70.2%69.6%69.2%67.3%67.0%66.7%64.4%62.6%60.5%59.7%59.3%57.8%57.8%57.1%56.8%56.6%56.5%55.9%55.5%53.8%53.4%52.3%52.0%50.8%50.0%48.2%47.5%45.2%44.4%42.9%41.9%41.1%37.9%37.5%36.4%36.0%35.9%35.3%33.3%29.4%28.6%25.0%18.8%0.0%NA

MaineMaryland

New HampshireIndiana

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandConnecticut

CaliforniaMassachusetts

UtahPennsylvania


MinnesotaColoradoMissouri

UNITED STATESNebraska

FloridaWisconsin

MississippiGeorgia

OhioIllinois

New YorkWashington

TennesseeOregon

ArkansasNew Jersey

TexasNevada

VermontMichigan


VirginiaKentucky

OklahomaAlabama

KansasIdahoIowa

HawaiiWest VirginiaNew Mexico

North DakotaSouth Dakota

ArizonaDelaware

AlaskaWyoming

1117113097

1476572

78409

237

341,139

13422310285648

1221437171118401

1334204

27211216174

3039446541

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%77.8%54.3%50.0%50.0%38.5%37.5%34.8%34.1%33.8%33.3%32.5%28.5%27.5%26.7%25.0%25.0%25.0%22.2%21.4%20.0%20.0%18.0%16.7%16.7%15.0%14.3%12.5%11.5%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

HawaiiMassachusetts

New YorkIndiana

South DakotaPennsylvania

FloridaGeorgia


MinnesotaColorado


IllinoisLouisianaOklahoma

WashingtonNevada

ConnecticutOregonVirginia

TexasKentucky

WisconsinUtah

MissouriMaryland

ArizonaOhio

District of ColumbiaIdahoIowa

KansasMichigan

TennesseeAlabama


VermontWest Virginia


MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

139437

245148

13207

2510

1383237414591

12312512342211


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

79.9%74.9%73.6%70.1%68.9%68.2%68.0%67.6%67.5%66.6%65.9%65.4%65.3%65.3%64.6%64.0%63.3%61.8%61.4%61.3%61.1%61.1%60.7%59.6%59.6%58.2%57.8%57.7%57.7%56.9%56.1%56.0%55.4%55.4%53.5%53.4%53.3%52.2%49.9%49.2%48.5%47.4%47.4%47.1%47.0%43.8%43.6%43.4%42.7%37.5%35.3%29.2%

District of ColumbiaDelawareMaryland

MassachusettsWashington


CaliforniaNew York

New JerseyRhode IslandConnecticut

IllinoisNew Hampshire

IowaVermont


WisconsinMichigan

FloridaMinnesota

UNITED STATESIndiana

OhioNebraska

TexasMaine

MissouriOregon

MississippiColoradoAlabama

KansasTennessee

UtahWyoming

GeorgiaOklahoma

South DakotaNorth Dakota


ArkansasKentucky

New MexicoNevada

MontanaArizona

IdahoHawaiiAlaska

116

30732849

126131169319

2569163719583340517742

1,903488419731956271833332649131

5329161023212130147

10201064

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

80.0%73.1%71.5%67.7%67.5%67.3%66.9%64.6%64.2%63.7%63.2%62.6%62.5%62.0%60.8%60.4%60.4%57.9%57.8%57.7%57.1%56.9%56.6%56.6%56.4%56.1%56.1%56.1%55.9%55.5%54.8%54.5%53.9%53.3%51.4%50.8%48.9%48.3%48.0%47.7%46.7%46.2%45.2%44.4%43.7%43.4%43.1%42.2%35.9%33.0%28.9%20.0%

DelawareMaryland

VirginiaWashingtonNew Jersey

IowaCalifornia

New HampshireIllinois

PennsylvaniaNorth Carolina

FloridaSouth Carolina

MichiganWisconsinNew York


ConnecticutArizona

Rhode IslandNebraska

MinnesotaMissouri

MassachusettsKansas

MississippiTexas

OhioColorado

IndianaAlabama

OregonWyoming

GeorgiaMaine

OklahomaTennessee



NevadaLouisiana

New MexicoArkansas

UtahMontana

HawaiiIdaho


212156

122

305

11411611111513385

5579326

11131388

292513141371

208

149678

113

136

10662431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

80.3%78.7%76.4%75.6%73.9%73.5%73.2%72.7%71.9%71.0%70.4%69.1%68.8%68.2%68.2%68.2%67.8%67.7%66.6%66.3%65.2%64.9%64.6%63.6%63.0%62.5%62.1%61.5%61.1%60.6%60.1%60.0%59.4%59.0%58.9%56.4%56.2%55.8%55.8%54.9%54.8%53.9%53.7%52.0%51.1%50.9%45.7%42.1%39.1%34.7%25.0%NA

District of ColumbiaUtah


ConnecticutWashington

PennsylvaniaCaliforniaNew York

IndianaRhode Island

ColoradoMaineIllinois

MinnesotaVermont

OhioUNITED STATES

OregonNew Hampshire

New JerseyLouisiana

WisconsinNorth Carolina

TexasIowa

TennesseeNebraskaAlabamaMissouri

South CarolinaArkansasMichigan

FloridaVirginia

South DakotaMississippi

GeorgiaMontana

OklahomaArizona

West VirginiaIdaho

KansasNorth Dakota

KentuckyNew Mexico

AlaskaDelaware

HawaiiNevada

Wyoming

92

571714147876

1223077

1148231356

1,1391711189

234040303713163420113442276

10284

12594

174

2141431

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.7%64.0%63.8%62.8%57.7%57.6%56.3%55.0%53.9%53.1%52.9%52.6%51.2%50.7%48.3%47.9%47.7%46.7%45.2%45.1%44.0%44.0%42.4%41.7%41.7%41.1%40.5%39.7%39.5%39.5%38.5%38.5%37.5%34.6%34.5%33.7%33.5%33.3%31.8%30.8%27.0%25.7%25.0%23.6%22.2%22.2%21.9%21.4%21.2%20.7%12.7%8.9%

DelawareVermont

New HampshireMaryland

MassachusettsPennsylvania

New JerseyIowa

CaliforniaWashingtonConnecticut

New YorkFlorida

MichiganNorth Carolina

MaineVirginia

MississippiIndiana


TexasIllinois

OregonWest Virginia

OhioWisconsinLouisiana

GeorgiaNebraskaAlabama

UNITED STATESUtah

MinnesotaSouth Carolina

TennesseeOklahoma

MissouriColorado

District of ColumbiaSouth DakotaNew Mexico

WyomingKansasHawaii

KentuckyArizonaNevada

IdahoMontana

AlaskaNorth Dakota

619163073

1263137

1312825

16977515819491848219

73692721844023531933

1,903134233492956331116141

266

30207

10104

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.7%63.6%61.8%57.1%57.1%55.9%53.3%52.8%52.8%51.9%48.0%47.7%47.6%45.5%44.1%42.9%41.5%40.0%39.8%39.1%38.7%38.6%38.5%38.0%37.8%37.4%37.4%35.8%35.3%34.0%33.9%32.7%31.7%29.3%28.9%28.6%27.2%26.6%25.0%24.9%22.2%22.2%21.5%18.4%16.7%15.9%15.4%15.2%12.8%10.6%0.0%NA

DelawareVermont

MarylandNew Jersey

PennsylvaniaFlorida

IowaCalifornia

WashingtonMichigan

MississippiNorth Carolina

VirginiaNew Hampshire


IllinoisConnecticut

OregonOhio

NebraskaArkansas

TexasIndiana

MaineLouisiana

WisconsinUNITED STATES

AlabamaGeorgia

OklahomaMassachusetts

ColoradoSouth Carolina

MinnesotaUtah

MissouriArizona

WyomingNew Mexico

NevadaTennessee

KansasMontana

South DakotaIdaho

Rhode IslandKentucky

AlaskaNorth Dakota


25

12124111

230

615

81615

5381111

97

256

102914

81313

55713201413131111

613

316398674283621

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

81.8%75.0%68.1%68.0%67.6%67.2%66.7%64.3%62.2%62.1%60.0%59.6%59.5%58.6%56.0%55.6%55.0%54.8%54.8%53.5%53.1%52.9%52.7%52.4%52.2%51.8%50.0%50.0%50.0%47.1%45.5%44.8%44.8%44.6%43.8%43.3%43.3%42.9%42.9%41.7%40.0%33.3%31.3%31.3%30.8%27.8%12.5%8.3%0.0%0.0%NANA

MaineRhode Island

New HampshireArkansas


MarylandVermont

CaliforniaSouth Dakota

AlabamaTexas


IowaIndiana

New JerseyFlorida

OregonMinnesota

UtahWisconsin

WashingtonGeorgia

LouisianaNorth Carolina



KentuckyKansas

MichiganIllinoisIdaho

MissouriOhio

ColoradoWest Virginia

NebraskaMississippi

HawaiiMontana

OklahomaDistrict of Columbia

ArizonaNew Mexico

North DakotaAlaska

NevadaDelawareWyoming

117

111114571713766

164078

1223030184217232

2314289

4037

1,1392720211734484

345679

131034

129544114

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%75.0%71.4%62.5%50.0%50.0%35.7%25.0%25.0%23.1%20.0%17.6%15.4%7.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

MassachusettsOhio

New MexicoWashington

GeorgiaIndianaIllinois

MissouriNew YorkColoradoCalifornia

UNITED STATESOklahoma

ArizonaConnecticut

FloridaHawaii

KentuckyMichigan

NevadaOregon

PennsylvaniaSouth Dakota

TennesseeTexasUtah


WisconsinAlabama


KansasLouisianaMaryland

MinnesotaNew Jersey


VermontAlaska

ArkansasDelaware

MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

334854

1099

1325

2073

122

241123373345714412511181221


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.9%60.2%57.7%56.8%55.0%54.0%50.7%50.1%48.1%46.5%46.3%46.2%46.1%45.8%45.6%44.2%43.6%43.0%42.1%42.1%41.7%41.3%40.9%40.5%39.2%39.2%38.1%36.5%36.0%34.8%34.3%34.3%33.6%33.4%33.3%33.2%32.8%32.4%31.6%31.0%31.0%30.6%30.6%30.1%29.8%29.3%29.1%25.7%25.1%23.9%12.6%6.3%

New HampshireMassachusetts

District of ColumbiaMaine

Rhode IslandWashingtonConnecticutNew Jersey

PennsylvaniaSouth Carolina

CaliforniaFlorida

New YorkVirginia

VermontGeorgia

North CarolinaOregon

MarylandMississippiMinnesota

ColoradoDelaware


TennesseeMissouri

IowaIllinois

OhioOklahomaWisconsin

West VirginiaMichiganWyoming

NevadaHawaii

UtahTexas

AlabamaNorth Dakota

KentuckyLouisianaNebraska

New MexicoSouth Dakota

KansasAlaska

ArkansasIdaho

ArizonaMontana

167311199

282531

12633

13177

1694919535827301842336

1,90348495637698429402151176

137333103023191416264

21102010

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

60.0%55.8%53.0%52.3%51.1%50.9%50.5%49.4%47.3%45.6%44.8%44.3%44.3%43.8%42.2%42.1%42.0%41.7%41.2%41.2%41.0%40.6%40.1%39.8%39.6%39.4%38.0%37.4%36.8%36.2%35.5%35.2%34.6%34.4%34.1%33.3%32.8%32.4%32.0%31.9%30.6%28.9%28.3%27.9%27.6%25.7%24.2%23.8%22.7%22.5%7.7%6.7%

VermontWashington

South CarolinaNew Hampshire

New JerseyFlorida

IowaVirginia

North CarolinaPennsylvania

OregonCaliforniaNew York

MassachusettsArizona

Rhode IslandColorado

ConnecticutHawaiiMaine

DelawareMaryland

MississippiMinnesota

UNITED STATESGeorgia

TennesseeMichigan

IllinoisIndiana

MissouriNevada


WyomingKentucky

OhioWisconsin

TexasAlabama

New MexicoKansas

NebraskaLouisiana

AlaskaArkansas

UtahSouth Dakota

IdahoDistrict of Columbia

Montana

56

115

12112

1516417

30381332

139282

128

11557209

151114133

146

1118

25132913686

133

1067416

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

83.3%72.6%65.6%65.4%65.2%64.6%63.5%60.3%59.5%57.7%57.1%56.0%55.3%53.4%50.0%49.5%48.3%47.5%47.0%47.0%45.5%43.9%43.1%42.9%42.4%41.0%40.9%40.1%40.0%39.9%39.6%38.9%38.6%37.7%35.8%35.6%35.3%34.1%33.3%32.6%32.0%31.1%30.3%30.1%28.2%28.2%23.6%20.0%0.0%0.0%NANA

New MexicoNew Hampshire

MaineMassachusetts

CaliforniaDistrict of Columbia

ConnecticutColorado

Rhode IslandWashington

MarylandGeorgia

PennsylvaniaMississippi

ArizonaNew Jersey

MinnesotaNew York

IndianaMissouri

UNITED STATESOhio

TennesseeUtah

LouisianaWisconsin

OregonVirginia

VermontIllinois

DelawareSouth Dakota

FloridaSouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

KentuckyNebraskaOklahoma

IdahoAlabama

West VirginiaTexas

KansasArkansas

HawaiiIowa

MichiganNorth Dakota

MontanaNevadaAlaska

Wyoming

4111157769

1477

14172878105

1823

1223034

1,139563729

231727134846

4220402113124

169

4017113

30344411

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%61.2%60.0%52.6%50.0%50.0%46.0%28.6%26.2%25.8%24.4%23.6%23.6%22.4%21.3%20.0%18.8%18.6%17.8%17.2%16.7%16.7%16.4%15.4%15.3%13.5%13.3%12.5%11.6%11.5%11.4%9.7%5.9%3.4%3.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANA

KansasMassachusetts

UtahIndianaHawaii

South CarolinaNew YorkOklahoma

FloridaTexas

New JerseyPennsylvania

VirginiaGeorgia


ColoradoAlabama

LouisianaUNITED STATES

OregonWisconsin

OhioMinnesota

IllinoisCalifornia

TennesseeNevada

District of ColumbiaNorth Carolina

MissouriKentuckyMichigan

ArizonaMaryland

IowaNew Mexico


IdahoVermont


MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

13541293

244177528

1341

2073438

10253312912

121543121


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

70.5%70.5%68.7%67.0%64.4%62.5%61.0%60.4%59.7%59.7%59.0%57.0%56.7%56.2%55.5%55.1%54.1%53.6%53.2%52.4%51.8%51.4%50.5%50.0%49.7%49.4%48.0%47.8%46.9%45.8%44.8%44.4%44.2%43.7%43.6%43.5%42.8%42.4%41.7%40.3%39.8%38.7%38.5%38.2%38.1%36.7%33.3%30.5%29.6%29.0%24.4%17.9%

MarylandNew Hampshire


MassachusettsDelaware

PennsylvaniaRhode IslandConnecticut

VirginiaNorth Carolina

WashingtonSouth Carolina

FloridaMinnesota

MissouriMichiganCalifornia

IndianaGeorgia

New JerseyWisconsin

VermontOhio

New YorkUNITED STATES

NebraskaOregonIllinois

LouisianaTennessee

WyomingColorado

KansasIowa

OklahomaUtah

MississippiAlabama

West VirginiaTexas

ArizonaKentuckyArkansas

New MexicoNevadaHawaii

MontanaNorth Dakota

IdahoSouth Dakota

Alaska

30161119736

1269

254958283377425651

131485331401984

1691,903

19276923491

3326372913183321732030211476

101010164

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

71.5%67.7%67.7%66.0%64.1%63.9%63.3%62.6%61.7%60.6%59.9%59.7%59.2%59.1%58.9%58.8%56.8%56.5%55.9%55.6%55.3%54.7%54.4%54.4%54.4%54.0%53.7%53.5%53.4%52.9%52.5%50.3%49.6%49.4%49.1%47.2%47.2%47.1%46.6%46.0%45.8%45.5%45.5%44.0%43.1%40.7%40.2%39.5%39.1%32.9%25.4%7.9%

DelawareVirginia

WashingtonIowa

New JerseyNew Hampshire

CaliforniaMaryland


FloridaMichigan

WisconsinIllinois


New YorkConnecticut

ArizonaNebraska


MinnesotaMissouri

Rhode IslandIndianaOregon

ColoradoOhio

KansasWyoming

MaineMississippi

GeorgiaTexas

AlabamaHawaii

North DakotaOklahoma



NevadaUtah

MontanaNew Mexico

LouisianaArkansas

IdahoAlaska


21562

125

30124111111513115

1638936

5571311132

147

13258188

20291326

14798

113666

1310431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.3%76.0%75.8%74.3%73.9%72.5%72.4%71.3%71.1%69.5%69.3%68.3%67.7%67.4%67.3%67.3%65.5%65.3%65.1%64.6%62.6%61.6%60.6%59.8%59.8%59.3%58.1%57.6%57.1%57.1%56.3%55.8%55.6%55.4%54.4%53.4%53.1%53.0%52.2%51.1%51.1%50.9%49.5%49.1%47.7%43.6%43.5%39.2%38.4%33.3%21.4%NA

UtahDistrict of Columbia

MassachusettsConnecticut

MarylandPennsylvania

CaliforniaRhode IslandWashington

MaineIndiana

ColoradoNew York

New HampshireMinnesota

VermontOregon

OhioUNITED STATES

IllinoisWisconsin

New JerseyNebraska

IowaMissouri

TennesseeTexas

GeorgiaLouisiana

North CarolinaArkansas


MichiganFlorida

VirginiaMontana

South CarolinaIdaho


ArizonaKentucky

KansasAlabama

New MexicoNorth Dakota

HawaiiDelaware

AlaskaNevada

Wyoming

29

57141778767

1411307

1221123131756

1,1394823181330343740289

40116

103442274

204

1295

211716443411

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

75.0%59.6%59.5%48.4%45.4%43.5%40.1%37.5%37.2%37.2%36.5%35.8%35.7%35.4%31.3%31.0%30.2%29.0%28.3%27.6%27.0%26.9%26.6%26.3%25.7%23.5%22.6%21.8%20.4%19.7%19.4%17.4%16.8%16.3%15.8%15.1%14.7%9.1%8.4%6.3%4.3%NANANANANANANANANANANA

VermontIndiana

MassachusettsNew York

IowaWashington

MinnesotaSouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

PennsylvaniaWest Virginia

ConnecticutNew MexicoNew Jersey

OhioIllinois

ColoradoFlorida

VirginiaMissouri

South DakotaCaliforniaOklahoma

OregonGeorgia

UNITED STATESUtah

WisconsinTennessee

LouisianaTexas

District of ColumbiaNevadaHawaii

AlabamaIdaho

KentuckyArizona

MichiganMaryland

KansasAlaska

ArkansasDelaware

MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

143958822712413

101324793

25335

20754314131421

12211


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

79.0%78.4%78.0%77.4%76.2%75.0%74.3%73.8%73.8%73.1%72.8%71.9%71.2%70.3%69.7%69.5%69.2%67.9%67.9%67.5%67.3%65.3%65.2%63.8%62.8%62.4%62.0%61.7%59.9%59.1%58.9%56.1%56.0%55.3%53.9%52.7%51.5%50.0%49.6%49.6%49.2%49.0%48.0%47.1%47.0%43.5%43.4%38.8%38.5%36.6%35.6%21.3%

MassachusettsNew Hampshire

District of ColumbiaVermont

ConnecticutMaine

Rhode IslandDelaware

PennsylvaniaMaryland

WashingtonNorth Carolina

CaliforniaVirginia

MichiganNew Jersey

IllinoisIndiana

OhioUNITED STATES

New YorkFlorida


NebraskaGeorgia

TexasUtahIowa

MinnesotaOregon

ColoradoTennesseeOklahoma

WisconsinMississippi

South DakotaAlabama

ArizonaWest Virginia

HawaiiArkansas

KansasKentucky

NevadaNorth Dakota

LouisianaMontanaWyoming

IdahoNew Mexico

Alaska

73161119251996

126302858

131495131694884

1,903169773356195373133742273349294018163320216

2126307

1023101

10144

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.7%77.4%74.0%71.8%71.3%70.9%70.6%69.4%67.0%66.2%65.9%65.3%65.1%65.0%65.0%64.9%64.6%60.5%59.2%59.2%59.2%58.6%58.3%57.2%56.9%55.8%55.6%55.3%55.3%55.1%54.0%52.5%52.2%51.7%50.9%50.2%49.0%48.6%47.5%46.3%45.9%45.7%43.9%38.5%38.5%38.0%37.8%36.6%35.7%32.7%21.6%0.0%

DelawareVermont

WashingtonVirginia

MichiganCalifornia

New JerseyMaryland


ConnecticutIllinois

South CarolinaFlorida

PennsylvaniaUNITED STATES

OhioTexas

ArizonaGeorgia

New YorkNebraska

IowaOregon


New HampshireColorado

MinnesotaMissouri

UtahHawaii

WisconsinSouth DakotaWest Virginia

AlabamaKansas

MississippiNevada

TennesseeKentuckyArkansas

MaineMontanaWyomingLouisiana

North DakotaRhode IslandNew Mexico

IdahoAlaska


256

151530121216149

11111141

55725293

2038627

14135

13111362

137

111388398

10861

13626431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

86.9%86.1%85.0%84.4%83.9%82.3%82.1%81.4%80.6%78.8%78.7%77.4%77.2%75.9%75.8%75.7%74.6%73.8%73.2%72.2%72.0%70.9%70.5%70.1%68.5%68.4%68.1%67.2%66.7%66.7%65.5%64.2%61.2%60.9%60.6%59.0%58.7%58.6%56.5%53.2%50.0%50.0%46.9%44.4%42.9%39.8%38.5%33.3%33.3%30.0%0.0%NA

MaineNew Hampshire

ConnecticutMaryland

MassachusettsRhode Island

North CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

PennsylvaniaCalifornia

VermontIllinois

GeorgiaOhio

UNITED STATESMissouri

New YorkUtah

IndianaTennessee

WashingtonTexas

ColoradoNebraska

FloridaMississippiMinnesota

New JerseyNevada

North DakotaSouth Carolina

OregonWisconsin

IowaArkansasLouisianaMichigan

VirginiaIdaho

KentuckyAlabama

South DakotaArizona

OklahomaMontana

HawaiiWest Virginia

KansasNew Mexico

DelawareAlaska

Wyoming

11111417577

409

787613482856

1,13934

1222

303714407

134210231814

20172330119

34274

211665

12439

17441

NA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Total4-Year

Public4-Year

Private4-Year

(Not for Profit)

Private4-Year

(For Profit)

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

52.8%

63.4%

51.7%

64.0% 63.9% 64.5% 64.7% 64.5% 65.1%

Private, 4-Year (Not for profit) Public, 4-Year Total, 4-Year

53.2% 54.1% 54.8% 55.1% 55.3%

55.5% 56.4% 56.4% 57.2% 57.7% 57.5% 57.7%

65.9%

56.0%

58.3%

66.1%

56.3%

58.8%

52.3

%

37.7

%

76.6

%

46.4

%

61.3

% 68.5

%


66.3

%

38.5

% 48.0

%

59.2

%

40.3

%

68.9

%

40.1

% 50.6

% 62.0

%

50.5%58.0%

51.5%59.5% 57.0%

64.6%

13.3% 15.7%

First Institution Any Institution

9.3a National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students, 2002-2008 9.3b National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2008 9.3c Six-Year Bachelor's Degree Attainment Rates of Students Beginning at Four-year Colleges in 2003-2004 9.3d Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

9.3k Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students at Private For-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

11

U.S. Average

21*

States

States

9.3e Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Public Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

20

U.S. Average

31

States

States

9.3f Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Private Not-for-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

18

U.S. Average

32*

States

States

9.3g Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Private For-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

25

U.S. Average

15*

States

States

9.3h Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students at Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

19

U.S. Average

32

States

States

9.3i Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students at Public Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

15

U.S. Average

36

States

States

9.3j Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students at Private Not-for-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

14

U.S. Average

36*

States

States

9.3u Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino


22

U.S. Average

29

States

States

9.3l Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


31

U.S. Average

20

States

States

9.3m Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


27

U.S. Average

23*

States

States

9.3n Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


27

U.S. Average

22*

States

States

9.3o Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


11

U.S. Average

17*

States

States

9.3p Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

9.3q Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

9.3r Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


20

U.S. Average

29*

States

States

9.3s Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


19

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

9.3t Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino Bachelor's

Degree-Seeking Students at Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

25

U.S. Average

26

States

States

9.3v Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino Bachelor's

Degree-Seeking Students at Private Not-for-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

16

U.S. Average

34*

States

States

9.3w Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino


12

U.S. Average

23*

States

States

9.3x Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


22

U.S. Average

29

States

States

9.3y Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


17

U.S. Average

34

States

States

9.3z Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


17

U.S. Average

33*

States

States

AVG

67.5%

AVG

64.9%

AVG

75.8%

AVG

38.0%

AVG

38.5%

AVG

35.8%

AVG

50.0%

AVG

17.6%

AVG

40.5%

AVG

39.6%

AVG

45.5%

AVG

17.2%

AVG

49.4%

AVG

46.9%

AVG

59.7%

AVG

28.5%

AVG

60.7%

AVG

57.9%

AVG

67.7%

7,94344,35618,423

4,79176,01310,017

8,29316,95319,86895,85136,64790,41523,881

5,26713,82247,32430,53825,20039,130

6,23843,34139,72719,930

1,233,77547,06010,15157,79413,41526,08522,52910,013

1,44313,98832,53570,75625,231

9,2995,161

20,65816,370

5,07110,94320,044

3,21112,59425,556

5,5684,9156,7256,515

24,8041,373

1112472534

1191814

20129159479

16225542031314332345521235640

2,07046171129296516606014

712

51232

1441318

8144

210

NA

447822

1444

1335

26113

1111

132131421125211000000000000


1572,2551,914

95547489

1,1832,6515,4854,3524,9297,8968,1406,911

907,8649,741

2354,6763,482

604644908

130,4201,9774,4201,950

5235,3384,9321,0561,073

5384,140

152985868

8,3856,318

421,7356,942

28920841

51935

2,40746

1,78732

25355

2,48144

1,7075,245

1984,3836,6683,526

1633,4383,245

5204101405126021734

8074,0342,969

41585,4934,6633,1803,2112,9821,4541,232

27380432

46115

1,2613,660

6356,5764,546

197353204

5,42735

2,052422240

16830

611361

1,6321,0771,677

53463

407104578

2,7271,781

51312

903176

4,473504630

39,5811,1621,210

211,442

37866

2,41865

1,88010118

2,3111,8653,047

27885

2176

1,71375

1,65016535539

32370710210

NA

1103

51926

42235

34015941

1781104744730695973

5,3466

6011013

4764143024692688

196222

1,36564251200


65016630088

2,038136

1,994465867

1,004771758238

6,534355457

1,17516,6151,126

6052,701

70691

1,0227,974

79,663252441

3,75853343345

1,86845129849940259

206129

15,1242,418

169173

2,531444788254

3004139

911682870

11815

445197264

25277103

11102

285335

128128

3188

2477937

123123

6,836102

531,510

52357

41142

3592

32312

2655454

289147

96691333

20347

40

9255886

1751514840

68126070

26816229633348

15130

13511325

34313216336

1921581467643

1179,167

721855895

1,66715638413

12628012

3181845

4525685

179205191

2452314

132153517

5203113

1,338101

2739

294220165010

161811152121100000000


467120777176

62498100

4,808985920

35465

1,88412,768

4501,623

235444203457687323

54,635321193384

45735

1,5911,866

1773,411

11230

3672,306

148120

4512,462

415373221222129

373873

2513237

7

58175104383291317409

2,8311,617

1201,035

306156149163215

21,28259

1,36123714

132325

1,5554,178

23621010344

7352,534

256

181629

21243

10729

12844

197391730177

32162

NA

154

38582

39365

2382

1953

1143,7461,016

33748

2427141515

1286

1260

78

76310

25129200000


4,2483,494

11,84630,87813,10925,01061,18339,34456,50814,280

7,61112,40331,934

7,05011,819

4,56926,52914,15127,01333,78728,05420,200

858,08033,34947,851

8,85840,229

5,56021,65710,360

5,48317,53512,82111,64718,972

8,6561,284

21,06212,144

4,7174,566

16,3509,8169,251

17,3523,0863,0774,932

15,0765,511

933925

3,0647,943

18,5388,9739,3555,231

25,8084,270

16,98332,21717,73020,15210,13827,30020,64920,0272,460

557,9866,4189,9872,5736,417

12,29513,8779,4199,7994,560

29,60231,84615,02223,44310,8327,4751,284

16,1183,4349,928

11,7113,8223,755

13,1028,2022,901

13,8362,7807,1775,2944,475

5794,274

9065

4,2182,803

21,1553,8585,8793,872

28,43712,35335,8029,8025,0381,8132,126

14,0477,8622,088

15,533286,518

2,7532,7804,8512,4496,2218,741

10,4296,5207,2012,4411,9487,5024,0112,0746,3297,4416,396

908923

4,706457

2,128301

1,5801,2151,833

7443,873

26519

43034320

NA

4,16326,67512,8425,988

15,7734,684

69,62114,27839,19213,70332,60334,92522,92424,7502,751

26,32032,8868,524

13,8607,417

795,90211,91615,98416,4093,196

27,2869,564

19,18538,50211,7271,4433,6257,789

22,77653,72016,3972,1304,134

13,3184,107

15,76715,0129,0764,4976,1155,0376,032

20,8489,8525,0411,349

189

3,2167,605

31,7758,2505,367

35,71221,6966,8215,0612,613

11,7082,265

55,6993,6099,0342,4923,596

18,665405,52920,5667,3807,8822,7347,7049,2679,361

16,1908,8174,470

13,3212,742

9801,5107,964

12,7619,672

5316,2191,4012,8111,815

4284,4452,2384,160

3269379776282484

NA

24136665

1,830130520182

886

1,10952

179367226627

2,0081,0791,696

30040974

4,534241255942

32,34468223410323884614933410410173

58710,516

45222323


3,46025047793

793148467122

3,2151,3992,2921,036

22,7661,9961,7732,5423,538

9551,339

76,8817,8422,015

287655239

1,4964,442

329279

1,142967

1,074552371

1,0539133

264816121

1,84214932125556046

5238513

13414975

11231

1,8321,7831,558

19,1671,9731,022

701727358

2,072229

1,6371,362

54,035923

3,759623

1,1673,579

15214468732561163

948767354174

1,42884329

10824130072

541341207116417813

3893782

143110742

107187432372

2,804385335446

1,8303,079

611,365

302402

21,508288

4,1311452282094186669587

34319

367549

39

5827120913333

1342131982347224

32457

36413216

101

NA

AVG

57.7%

AVG

55.3%

AVG

65.1%

AVG

23.5%

Private, 4-Year (Not for profit)

Public, 4-Year Total, 4-Year


Finally, new research suggests that the earlier students decide upon a college major or program, the more likely they are to persist and complete, which has strong implications for improving career exploration and guidance.26

It is clear that the majority of America’s high school graduates have heard the message that a college credential is indispensable to a middle-class life. Yet too few of them reach that goal. This results in a sizable amount of wasted human potential, and signifies that the American Dream is not being realized by all.

Recommendation Nine 29


National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor’s Degree–Seeking Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2010Source: NCES IPEDS Graduation and Institutional Characteristics Survey, 2010

Number of Degrees Awarded by Degree Type for the Nation, 2001–2011Source: NCES Digest of Education Statistics, 2011a

30

40

50

60

70

80

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20082007 20102009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

American Indian

AsianAfricanAmerican

Hispanic White

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

73.2%69.9%68.0%67.2%66.4%65.9%65.5%65.0%65.0%63.6%63.6%63.4%63.0%62.9%62.3%60.3%59.8%58.9%58.6%58.4%58.4%58.2%58.2%57.7%57.3%57.0%57.0%56.3%55.9%53.9%52.7%52.5%52.2%50.9%50.8%50.7%50.6%47.6%47.1%47.1%46.4%46.4%45.5%43.8%42.8%42.4%41.9%41.7%40.1%36.8%36.0%25.5%

District of ColumbiaMassachusetts

WashingtonDelaware

PennsylvaniaRhode Island

New HampshireConnecticut

MarylandCalifornia

VirginiaNew York

New JerseyVermont

IowaIllinois

WisconsinMinnesota

IndianaMaine

MichiganNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina


NebraskaOhio

OregonMissouriColorado

UtahWyoming

KansasGeorgia

TexasTennesseeMississippi

South DakotaAlabama


KentuckyHawaii

ArkansasLouisianaMontana

NevadaNew Mexico

IdahoArizonaAlaska

117328

6126

9162530

13149

1693119376940424819515833

1,90377198427563313

12653734918163329102130

6212310

7141020

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%86.7%60.9%57.1%54.5%46.7%45.7%41.2%39.8%38.7%38.5%38.0%37.6%37.0%33.3%33.3%31.0%31.0%30.0%25.0%22.0%20.0%13.0%12.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

IowaMassachusetts

PennsylvaniaOhio

New YorkVirginiaFloridaTexas

CaliforniaColoradoMissouri


GeorgiaConnecticut

OregonDistrict of Columbia

WashingtonNew Jersey

NevadaHawaii

UtahArizona

MinnesotaAlabama

IdahoKentuckyMarylandMichiganOklahoma

TennesseeVermont

WisconsinIndianaKansas

LouisianaNew Mexico




MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

537397

244

2513

9207

10523181315

12842112331441142231


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

68.7%68.3%65.0%60.8%59.7%59.2%59.0%57.1%55.8%54.9%54.3%53.8%52.5%52.0%52.0%51.8%51.5%51.1%49.3%49.0%47.5%47.4%46.9%46.4%44.6%44.5%44.4%43.9%43.1%42.6%42.4%41.6%41.1%40.0%39.2%38.6%38.5%38.3%37.8%37.8%37.6%37.3%36.7%36.0%33.3%29.7%28.9%28.8%28.3%21.9%18.9%0.0%

MarylandDelaware


New HampshireWashington

IowaFlorida

MichiganPennsylvania


New JerseyCalifornia

GeorgiaArizona

MissouriConnecticut

MinnesotaWisconsin

OhioOregon

UNITED STATESKansas

NebraskaOklahomaWyoming

IndianaColorado

IllinoisAlabama


MaineMassachusetts


KentuckyMississippi

TexasNevada

LouisianaTennessee

UtahArkansas

North DakotaHawaii

MontanaIdaho

South DakotaAlaska


122

1511

562

111541

516123020

313

9111325

7557

86

141

141311133811

813

6288

293

1396

106264731

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

81.0%77.7%76.9%71.0%70.8%70.7%70.4%70.2%69.6%69.2%67.3%67.0%66.7%64.4%62.6%60.5%59.7%59.3%57.8%57.8%57.1%56.8%56.6%56.5%55.9%55.5%53.8%53.4%52.3%52.0%50.8%50.0%48.2%47.5%45.2%44.4%42.9%41.9%41.1%37.9%37.5%36.4%36.0%35.9%35.3%33.3%29.4%28.6%25.0%18.8%0.0%NA

MaineMaryland

New HampshireIndiana

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandConnecticut

CaliforniaMassachusetts

UtahPennsylvania


MinnesotaColoradoMissouri

UNITED STATESNebraska

FloridaWisconsin

MississippiGeorgia

OhioIllinois

New YorkWashington

TennesseeOregon

ArkansasNew Jersey

TexasNevada

VermontMichigan


VirginiaKentucky

OklahomaAlabama

KansasIdahoIowa

HawaiiWest VirginiaNew Mexico


ArizonaDelaware

AlaskaWyoming

11171130

97

147657

27840

923

734

1,13913422310285648

122143717111840

1133420

42721121617

430

39446541

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%77.8%54.3%50.0%50.0%38.5%37.5%34.8%34.1%33.8%33.3%32.5%28.5%27.5%26.7%25.0%25.0%25.0%22.2%21.4%20.0%20.0%18.0%16.7%16.7%15.0%14.3%12.5%11.5%10.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

HawaiiMassachusetts

New YorkIndiana

South DakotaPennsylvania

FloridaGeorgia


MinnesotaColorado


IllinoisLouisianaOklahoma

WashingtonNevada

ConnecticutOregonVirginia

TexasKentucky

WisconsinUtah

MissouriMaryland

ArizonaOhio


KansasMichigan

TennesseeAlabama


VermontWest Virginia


MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

139437

245148

1320725101383237414591

12312512342211


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

79.9%74.9%73.6%70.1%68.9%68.2%68.0%67.6%67.5%66.6%65.9%65.4%65.3%65.3%64.6%64.0%63.3%61.8%61.4%61.3%61.1%61.1%60.7%59.6%59.6%58.2%57.8%57.7%57.7%56.9%56.1%56.0%55.4%55.4%53.5%53.4%53.3%52.2%49.9%49.2%48.5%47.4%47.4%47.1%47.0%43.8%43.6%43.4%42.7%37.5%35.3%29.2%

District of ColumbiaDelawareMaryland

MassachusettsWashington


CaliforniaNew York

New JerseyRhode IslandConnecticut

IllinoisNew Hampshire

IowaVermont


WisconsinMichigan

FloridaMinnesota


OhioNebraska

TexasMaine

MissouriOregon

MississippiColoradoAlabama

KansasTennessee

UtahWyoming

GeorgiaOklahoma

South DakotaNorth Dakota


ArkansasKentucky

New MexicoNevada

MontanaArizona

IdahoHawaiiAlaska

116

30732849

126131169

319

2569163719583340517742

1,90348841973195627183333264913

1532916102321213014

7102010

64

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

80.0%73.1%71.5%67.7%67.5%67.3%66.9%64.6%64.2%63.7%63.2%62.6%62.5%62.0%60.8%60.4%60.4%57.9%57.8%57.7%57.1%56.9%56.6%56.6%56.4%56.1%56.1%56.1%55.9%55.5%54.8%54.5%53.9%53.3%51.4%50.8%48.9%48.3%48.0%47.7%46.7%46.2%45.2%44.4%43.7%43.4%43.1%42.2%35.9%33.0%28.9%20.0%

DelawareMaryland

VirginiaWashingtonNew Jersey

IowaCalifornia

New HampshireIllinois

PennsylvaniaNorth Carolina

FloridaSouth Carolina

MichiganWisconsinNew York


ConnecticutArizona


MinnesotaMissouri

MassachusettsKansas

MississippiTexas

OhioColorado

IndianaAlabama

OregonWyoming

GeorgiaMaine

OklahomaTennessee



NevadaLouisiana

New MexicoArkansas

UtahMontana

HawaiiIdaho


212156

122

305

11411611111513385

5579326

11131388

292513141371

208

149678

113

136

10662431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

80.3%78.7%76.4%75.6%73.9%73.5%73.2%72.7%71.9%71.0%70.4%69.1%68.8%68.2%68.2%68.2%67.8%67.7%66.6%66.3%65.2%64.9%64.6%63.6%63.0%62.5%62.1%61.5%61.1%60.6%60.1%60.0%59.4%59.0%58.9%56.4%56.2%55.8%55.8%54.9%54.8%53.9%53.7%52.0%51.1%50.9%45.7%42.1%39.1%34.7%25.0%NA

District of ColumbiaUtah



PennsylvaniaCaliforniaNew York

IndianaRhode Island

ColoradoMaineIllinois

MinnesotaVermont

OhioUNITED STATES

OregonNew Hampshire

New JerseyLouisiana

WisconsinNorth Carolina

TexasIowa

TennesseeNebraskaAlabamaMissouri

South CarolinaArkansasMichigan

FloridaVirginia


GeorgiaMontana

OklahomaArizona

West VirginiaIdaho

KansasNorth Dakota

KentuckyNew Mexico

AlaskaDelaware

HawaiiNevada

Wyoming

92

571714147876

1223077

1148231356

1,1391711189

234040303713163420113442276

10284

12594

174

2141431

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.7%64.0%63.8%62.8%57.7%57.6%56.3%55.0%53.9%53.1%52.9%52.6%51.2%50.7%48.3%47.9%47.7%46.7%45.2%45.1%44.0%44.0%42.4%41.7%41.7%41.1%40.5%39.7%39.5%39.5%38.5%38.5%37.5%34.6%34.5%33.7%33.5%33.3%31.8%30.8%27.0%25.7%25.0%23.6%22.2%22.2%21.9%21.4%21.2%20.7%12.7%8.9%

DelawareVermont

New HampshireMaryland

MassachusettsPennsylvania

New JerseyIowa

CaliforniaWashingtonConnecticut

New YorkFlorida

MichiganNorth Carolina

MaineVirginia

MississippiIndiana


TexasIllinois

OregonWest Virginia

OhioWisconsinLouisiana

GeorgiaNebraskaAlabama

UNITED STATESUtah

MinnesotaSouth Carolina

TennesseeOklahoma

MissouriColorado

District of ColumbiaSouth DakotaNew Mexico

WyomingKansasHawaii

KentuckyArizonaNevada

IdahoMontana

AlaskaNorth Dakota

619163073

1263137

1312825

1697751581949184821

973692721844023531933

1,90313423349295633111614

126

63020

71010

410

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.7%63.6%61.8%57.1%57.1%55.9%53.3%52.8%52.8%51.9%48.0%47.7%47.6%45.5%44.1%42.9%41.5%40.0%39.8%39.1%38.7%38.6%38.5%38.0%37.8%37.4%37.4%35.8%35.3%34.0%33.9%32.7%31.7%29.3%28.9%28.6%27.2%26.6%25.0%24.9%22.2%22.2%21.5%18.4%16.7%15.9%15.4%15.2%12.8%10.6%0.0%NA

DelawareVermont

MarylandNew Jersey

PennsylvaniaFlorida

IowaCalifornia

WashingtonMichigan

MississippiNorth Carolina

VirginiaNew Hampshire


IllinoisConnecticut

OregonOhio

NebraskaArkansas

TexasIndiana

MaineLouisiana

WisconsinUNITED STATES

AlabamaGeorgia


ColoradoSouth Carolina

MinnesotaUtah

MissouriArizona

WyomingNew Mexico

NevadaTennessee

KansasMontana

South DakotaIdaho

Rhode IslandKentucky

AlaskaNorth Dakota


25

121241112

306

158

16155

38111197

256

1029148

1313

557132014131311116

13316398674283621

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

81.8%75.0%68.1%68.0%67.6%67.2%66.7%64.3%62.2%62.1%60.0%59.6%59.5%58.6%56.0%55.6%55.0%54.8%54.8%53.5%53.1%52.9%52.7%52.4%52.2%51.8%50.0%50.0%50.0%47.1%45.5%44.8%44.8%44.6%43.8%43.3%43.3%42.9%42.9%41.7%40.0%33.3%31.3%31.3%30.8%27.8%12.5%8.3%0.0%0.0%NANA

MaineRhode Island

New HampshireArkansas


MarylandVermont

CaliforniaSouth Dakota

AlabamaTexas


IowaIndiana

New JerseyFlorida

OregonMinnesota

UtahWisconsin

WashingtonGeorgia

LouisianaNorth Carolina



KentuckyKansas

MichiganIllinoisIdaho

MissouriOhio

ColoradoWest Virginia

NebraskaMississippi

HawaiiMontana

OklahomaDistrict of Columbia

ArizonaNew Mexico

North DakotaAlaska

NevadaDelawareWyoming

117

11111457171376

6164078

122303018421723

2231428

94037

1,139272021173448

43456

79

1310

34

129544114

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%75.0%71.4%62.5%50.0%50.0%35.7%25.0%25.0%23.1%20.0%17.6%15.4%7.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

MassachusettsOhio

New MexicoWashington

GeorgiaIndianaIllinois

MissouriNew YorkColoradoCalifornia

UNITED STATESOklahoma

ArizonaConnecticut

FloridaHawaii

KentuckyMichigan

NevadaOregon

PennsylvaniaSouth Dakota

TennesseeTexasUtah


WisconsinAlabama


KansasLouisianaMaryland

MinnesotaNew Jersey


VermontAlaska

ArkansasDelaware

MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

334854

1099

1325

2073

122

241123373345714412511181221


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66.9%60.2%57.7%56.8%55.0%54.0%50.7%50.1%48.1%46.5%46.3%46.2%46.1%45.8%45.6%44.2%43.6%43.0%42.1%42.1%41.7%41.3%40.9%40.5%39.2%39.2%38.1%36.5%36.0%34.8%34.3%34.3%33.6%33.4%33.3%33.2%32.8%32.4%31.6%31.0%31.0%30.6%30.6%30.1%29.8%29.3%29.1%25.7%25.1%23.9%12.6%6.3%

New HampshireMassachusetts


Rhode IslandWashingtonConnecticutNew Jersey


CaliforniaFlorida

New YorkVirginia

VermontGeorgia

North CarolinaOregon

MarylandMississippiMinnesota

ColoradoDelaware


TennesseeMissouri

IowaIllinois

OhioOklahomaWisconsin

West VirginiaMichiganWyoming

NevadaHawaii

UtahTexas

AlabamaNorth Dakota

KentuckyLouisianaNebraska

New MexicoSouth Dakota

KansasAlaska

ArkansasIdaho

ArizonaMontana

167311199

282531

12633

13177

1694919535827301842336

1,90348495637698429402151176

137333103023191416264

21102010

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

60.0%55.8%53.0%52.3%51.1%50.9%50.5%49.4%47.3%45.6%44.8%44.3%44.3%43.8%42.2%42.1%42.0%41.7%41.2%41.2%41.0%40.6%40.1%39.8%39.6%39.4%38.0%37.4%36.8%36.2%35.5%35.2%34.6%34.4%34.1%33.3%32.8%32.4%32.0%31.9%30.6%28.9%28.3%27.9%27.6%25.7%24.2%23.8%22.7%22.5%7.7%6.7%

VermontWashington

South CarolinaNew Hampshire

New JerseyFlorida

IowaVirginia


OregonCaliforniaNew York

MassachusettsArizona

Rhode IslandColorado

ConnecticutHawaiiMaine

DelawareMaryland

MississippiMinnesota

UNITED STATESGeorgia

TennesseeMichigan

IllinoisIndiana

MissouriNevada


WyomingKentucky

OhioWisconsin

TexasAlabama

New MexicoKansas

NebraskaLouisiana

AlaskaArkansas

UtahSouth Dakota

IdahoDistrict of Columbia

Montana

56

115

12112

1516417

30381332

139282

128

11557209

151114133

146

1118

25132913686

133

1067416

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

83.3%72.6%65.6%65.4%65.2%64.6%63.5%60.3%59.5%57.7%57.1%56.0%55.3%53.4%50.0%49.5%48.3%47.5%47.0%47.0%45.5%43.9%43.1%42.9%42.4%41.0%40.9%40.1%40.0%39.9%39.6%38.9%38.6%37.7%35.8%35.6%35.3%34.1%33.3%32.6%32.0%31.1%30.3%30.1%28.2%28.2%23.6%20.0%0.0%0.0%NANA

New MexicoNew Hampshire

MaineMassachusetts

CaliforniaDistrict of Columbia

ConnecticutColorado

Rhode IslandWashington

MarylandGeorgia

PennsylvaniaMississippi

ArizonaNew Jersey

MinnesotaNew York

IndianaMissouri

UNITED STATESOhio

TennesseeUtah

LouisianaWisconsin

OregonVirginia

VermontIllinois

DelawareSouth Dakota

FloridaSouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

KentuckyNebraskaOklahoma

IdahoAlabama

West VirginiaTexas

KansasArkansas

HawaiiIowa

MichiganNorth Dakota

MontanaNevadaAlaska

Wyoming

4111157769

1477

14172878105

1823

1223034

1,139563729

231727134846

4220402113124

169

4017113

30344411

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100.0%61.2%60.0%52.6%50.0%50.0%46.0%28.6%26.2%25.8%24.4%23.6%23.6%22.4%21.3%20.0%18.8%18.6%17.8%17.2%16.7%16.7%16.4%15.4%15.3%13.5%13.3%12.5%11.6%11.5%11.4%9.7%5.9%3.4%3.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%NANANANANANANANANANANANANA

KansasMassachusetts

UtahIndianaHawaii

South CarolinaNew YorkOklahoma

FloridaTexas

New JerseyPennsylvania

VirginiaGeorgia


ColoradoAlabama

LouisianaUNITED STATES

OregonWisconsin

OhioMinnesota

IllinoisCalifornia

TennesseeNevada

District of ColumbiaNorth Carolina

MissouriKentuckyMichigan

ArizonaMaryland

IowaNew Mexico


IdahoVermont


MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

13541293

244177528

1341

2073438

10253312912

121543121


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

70.5%70.5%68.7%67.0%64.4%62.5%61.0%60.4%59.7%59.7%59.0%57.0%56.7%56.2%55.5%55.1%54.1%53.6%53.2%52.4%51.8%51.4%50.5%50.0%49.7%49.4%48.0%47.8%46.9%45.8%44.8%44.4%44.2%43.7%43.6%43.5%42.8%42.4%41.7%40.3%39.8%38.7%38.5%38.2%38.1%36.7%33.3%30.5%29.6%29.0%24.4%17.9%

MarylandNew Hampshire


MassachusettsDelaware

PennsylvaniaRhode IslandConnecticut


WashingtonSouth Carolina

FloridaMinnesota

MissouriMichiganCalifornia

IndianaGeorgia

New JerseyWisconsin

VermontOhio

New YorkUNITED STATES

NebraskaOregonIllinois

LouisianaTennessee

WyomingColorado

KansasIowa

OklahomaUtah

MississippiAlabama

West VirginiaTexas

ArizonaKentuckyArkansas

New MexicoNevadaHawaii

MontanaNorth Dakota

IdahoSouth Dakota

Alaska

30161119736

1269

254958283377425651

131485331401984

1691,903

19276923491

3326372913183321732030211476

101010164

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

71.5%67.7%67.7%66.0%64.1%63.9%63.3%62.6%61.7%60.6%59.9%59.7%59.2%59.1%58.9%58.8%56.8%56.5%55.9%55.6%55.3%54.7%54.4%54.4%54.4%54.0%53.7%53.5%53.4%52.9%52.5%50.3%49.6%49.4%49.1%47.2%47.2%47.1%46.6%46.0%45.8%45.5%45.5%44.0%43.1%40.7%40.2%39.5%39.1%32.9%25.4%7.9%

DelawareVirginia

WashingtonIowa

New JerseyNew Hampshire

CaliforniaMaryland


FloridaMichigan

WisconsinIllinois


New YorkConnecticut

ArizonaNebraska


MinnesotaMissouri

Rhode IslandIndianaOregon

ColoradoOhio

KansasWyoming

MaineMississippi

GeorgiaTexas

AlabamaHawaii

North DakotaOklahoma



NevadaUtah

MontanaNew Mexico

LouisianaArkansas

IdahoAlaska


21562

125

30124111111513115

1638936

5571311132

147

13258188

20291326

14798

113666

1310431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.3%76.0%75.8%74.3%73.9%72.5%72.4%71.3%71.1%69.5%69.3%68.3%67.7%67.4%67.3%67.3%65.5%65.3%65.1%64.6%62.6%61.6%60.6%59.8%59.8%59.3%58.1%57.6%57.1%57.1%56.3%55.8%55.6%55.4%54.4%53.4%53.1%53.0%52.2%51.1%51.1%50.9%49.5%49.1%47.7%43.6%43.5%39.2%38.4%33.3%21.4%NA

UtahDistrict of Columbia

MassachusettsConnecticut

MarylandPennsylvania

CaliforniaRhode IslandWashington

MaineIndiana

ColoradoNew York

New HampshireMinnesota

VermontOregon

OhioUNITED STATES

IllinoisWisconsin

New JerseyNebraska

IowaMissouri

TennesseeTexas

GeorgiaLouisiana

North CarolinaArkansas


MichiganFlorida

VirginiaMontana

South CarolinaIdaho


ArizonaKentucky

KansasAlabama

New MexicoNorth Dakota

HawaiiDelaware

AlaskaNevada

Wyoming

29

57141778767

1411307

1221123131756

1,1394823181330343740289

40116

103442274

204

1295

211716443411

NA

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

75.0%59.6%59.5%48.4%45.4%43.5%40.1%37.5%37.2%37.2%36.5%35.8%35.7%35.4%31.3%31.0%30.2%29.0%28.3%27.6%27.0%26.9%26.6%26.3%25.7%23.5%22.6%21.8%20.4%19.7%19.4%17.4%16.8%16.3%15.8%15.1%14.7%9.1%8.4%6.3%4.3%NANANANANANANANANANANA

VermontIndiana

MassachusettsNew York

IowaWashington

MinnesotaSouth CarolinaNorth Carolina

PennsylvaniaWest Virginia

ConnecticutNew MexicoNew Jersey

OhioIllinois

ColoradoFlorida

VirginiaMissouri

South DakotaCaliforniaOklahoma

OregonGeorgia

UNITED STATESUtah

WisconsinTennessee

LouisianaTexas

District of ColumbiaNevadaHawaii

AlabamaIdaho

KentuckyArizona

MichiganMaryland

KansasAlaska

ArkansasDelaware

MaineMississippi

MontanaNebraska


Wyoming

143958822712413

101324793

25335

20754314131421

12211


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

79.0%78.4%78.0%77.4%76.2%75.0%74.3%73.8%73.8%73.1%72.8%71.9%71.2%70.3%69.7%69.5%69.2%67.9%67.9%67.5%67.3%65.3%65.2%63.8%62.8%62.4%62.0%61.7%59.9%59.1%58.9%56.1%56.0%55.3%53.9%52.7%51.5%50.0%49.6%49.6%49.2%49.0%48.0%47.1%47.0%43.5%43.4%38.8%38.5%36.6%35.6%21.3%

MassachusettsNew Hampshire

District of ColumbiaVermont

ConnecticutMaine

Rhode IslandDelaware

PennsylvaniaMaryland

WashingtonNorth Carolina

CaliforniaVirginia

MichiganNew Jersey

IllinoisIndiana

OhioUNITED STATES

New YorkFlorida


NebraskaGeorgia

TexasUtahIowa

MinnesotaOregon

ColoradoTennesseeOklahomaWisconsin

MississippiSouth Dakota

AlabamaArizona

West VirginiaHawaii

ArkansasKansas

KentuckyNevada

North DakotaLouisianaMontanaWyoming

IdahoNew Mexico

Alaska

73161119251996

126302858

131495131694884

1,903169773356195373133742273349294018163320216

2126307

1023101

10144

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.7%77.4%74.0%71.8%71.3%70.9%70.6%69.4%67.0%66.2%65.9%65.3%65.1%65.0%65.0%64.9%64.6%60.5%59.2%59.2%59.2%58.6%58.3%57.2%56.9%55.8%55.6%55.3%55.3%55.1%54.0%52.5%52.2%51.7%50.9%50.2%49.0%48.6%47.5%46.3%45.9%45.7%43.9%38.5%38.5%38.0%37.8%36.6%35.7%32.7%21.6%0.0%

DelawareVermont

WashingtonVirginia

MichiganCalifornia

New JerseyMaryland


ConnecticutIllinois

South CarolinaFlorida

PennsylvaniaUNITED STATES

OhioTexas

ArizonaGeorgia

New YorkNebraska

IowaOregon


New HampshireColorado

MinnesotaMissouri

UtahHawaii

WisconsinSouth DakotaWest Virginia

AlabamaKansas

MississippiNevada

TennesseeKentuckyArkansas

MaineMontanaWyomingLouisiana

North DakotaRhode IslandNew Mexico

IdahoAlaska


256

151530121216149

11111141

55725293

2038627

14135

13111362

137

111388398

10861

13626431

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

86.9%86.1%85.0%84.4%83.9%82.3%82.1%81.4%80.6%78.8%78.7%77.4%77.2%75.9%75.8%75.7%74.6%73.8%73.2%72.2%72.0%70.9%70.5%70.1%68.5%68.4%68.1%67.2%66.7%66.7%65.5%64.2%61.2%60.9%60.6%59.0%58.7%58.6%56.5%53.2%50.0%50.0%46.9%44.4%42.9%39.8%38.5%33.3%33.3%30.0%0.0%NA

MaineNew Hampshire

ConnecticutMaryland

MassachusettsRhode Island

North CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

PennsylvaniaCalifornia

VermontIllinois

GeorgiaOhio

UNITED STATESMissouri

New YorkUtah

IndianaTennessee

WashingtonTexas

ColoradoNebraska

FloridaMississippiMinnesota

New JerseyNevada

North DakotaSouth Carolina

OregonWisconsin

IowaArkansasLouisianaMichigan

VirginiaIdaho

KentuckyAlabama

South DakotaArizona

OklahomaMontana

HawaiiWest Virginia

KansasNew Mexico

DelawareAlaska

Wyoming

11111417577

409

787613482856

1,13934

1222

303714407

134210231814

20172330119

34274

211665

12439

17441

NA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Total4-Year

Public4-Year

Private4-Year

(Not for Profit)

Private4-Year

(For Profit)

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

No. ofStudents

No. ofInsts.

52.8%

63.4%

51.7%

64.0% 63.9% 64.5% 64.7% 64.5% 65.1%


53.2% 54.1% 54.8% 55.1% 55.3%

55.5% 56.4% 56.4% 57.2% 57.7% 57.5% 57.7%

65.9%

56.0%

58.3%

66.1%

56.3%

58.8%

52.3

%

37.7

%

76.6

%

46.4

%

61.3

% 68.5

%


66.3

%

38.5

% 48.0

%

59.2

%

40.3

%

68.9

%

40.1

% 50.6

% 62.0

%

50.5%58.0%

51.5%59.5% 57.0%

64.6%

13.3% 15.7%

First Institution Any Institution

9.3a National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students, 2002-2008 9.3b National Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2008 9.3c Six-Year Bachelor's Degree Attainment Rates of Students Beginning at Four-year Colleges in 2003-2004 9.3d Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

9.3k Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander


11

U.S. Average

21*

States

States

9.3e Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Public Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

20

U.S. Average

31

States

States

9.3f Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Private Not-for-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

18

U.S. Average

32*

States

States

9.3g Six-Year Graduation Rates of Bachelor's Degree-Seeking

Students at Private For-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

25

U.S. Average

15*

States

States

9.3h Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander


19

U.S. Average

32

States

States

9.3i Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander


15

U.S. Average

36

States

States

9.3j Six-Year Graduation Rates of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander


14

U.S. Average

36*

States

States

9.3u Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino


22

U.S. Average

29

States

States

9.3l Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


31

U.S. Average

20

States

States

9.3m Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


27

U.S. Average

23*

States

States

9.3n Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


27

U.S. Average

22*

States

States

9.3o Six-Year Graduation Rates of American Indian or Alaska Native


11

U.S. Average

17*

States

States

9.3p Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


23

U.S. Average

28

States

States

9.3q Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


24

U.S. Average

27

States

States

9.3r Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


20

U.S. Average

29*

States

States

9.3s Six-Year Graduation Rates of Black or African American


19

U.S. Average

19*

States

States

9.3t Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino Bachelor's

Degree-Seeking Students at Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

25

U.S. Average

26

States

States

9.3v Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino Bachelor's

Degree-Seeking Students at Private Not-for-profit Four-Year Colleges by State Rank, 2008

16

U.S. Average

34*

States

States

9.3w Six-Year Graduation Rates of Hispanic or Latino


12

U.S. Average

23*

States

States

9.3x Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


22

U.S. Average

29

States

States

9.3y Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


17

U.S. Average

34

States

States

9.3z Six-Year Graduation Rates of White


17

U.S. Average

33*

States

States

AVG

67.5%

AVG

64.9%

AVG

75.8%

AVG

38.0%

AVG

38.5%

AVG

35.8%

AVG

50.0%

AVG

17.6%

AVG

40.5%

AVG

39.6%

AVG

45.5%

AVG

17.2%

AVG

49.4%

AVG

46.9%

AVG

59.7%

AVG

28.5%

AVG

60.7%

AVG

57.9%

AVG

67.7%

7,94344,35618,423

4,79176,01310,017

8,29316,95319,86895,85136,64790,41523,881

5,26713,82247,32430,53825,20039,130

6,23843,34139,72719,930

1,233,77547,06010,15157,79413,41526,08522,52910,013

1,44313,98832,53570,75625,231

9,2995,161

20,65816,370

5,07110,94320,044

3,21112,59425,556

5,5684,9156,7256,515

24,8041,373

1112472534

1191814

20129159479

16225542031314332345521235640

2,07046171129296516606014

712

51232

1441318

8144

210

NA

447822

1444

1335

26113

1111

132131421125211000000000000


1572,2551,914

95547489

1,1832,6515,4854,3524,9297,8968,1406,911

907,8649,741

2354,6763,482

604644908

130,4201,9774,4201,950

5235,3384,9321,0561,073

5384,140

152985868

8,3856,318

421,7356,942

28920841

51935

2,40746

1,78732

25355

2,48144

1,7075,245

1984,3836,6683,526

1633,4383,245

5204101405126021734

8074,0342,969

41585,4934,6633,1803,2112,9821,4541,232

27380432

46115

1,2613,660

6356,5764,546

197353204

5,42735

2,052422240

16830

611361

1,6321,0771,677

53463

407104578

2,7271,781

51312

903176

4,473504630

39,5811,1621,210

211,442

37866

2,41865

1,88010118

2,3111,8653,047

27885

2176

1,71375

1,65016535539

32370710210

NA

1103

51926

42235

34015941

1781104744730695973

5,3466

6011013

4764143024692688

196222

1,36564251200


65016630088

2,038136

1,994465867

1,004771758238

6,534355457

1,17516,6151,126

6052,701

70691

1,0227,974

79,663252441

3,75853343345

1,86845129849940259

206129

15,1242,418

169173

2,531444788254

3004139

911682870

11815

44519726425

27710311

102285335

1281283188

2477937

123123

6,83610253

1,51052

35741

1423592

32312

2655454

28914796691333

2034740

9255886

175151

4840

681260

70268162296333

48151

30135113

25343132163

36192158146

7643

1179,167

72185

5895

1,667156384

13126280

12318

1845

4525685

179205191

2452314

132153517

5203113

1,338101

2739

294220165010

161811152121100000000


467120777176

62498100

4,808985920

35465

1,88412,768

4501,623

235444203457687323

54,635321193384

45735

1,5911,866

1773,411

11230

3672,306

148120

4512,462

415373221222129

373873

2513237

7

58175104383291317409

2,8311,617

1201,035

306156149163215

21,28259

1,361237

14132325

1,5554,178

236210103

44735

2,5342

56181

629

21243

10729

12844

19739173017

73216

2NA

154

38582

393652382

1953

1143,7461,016

33748

2427141515

1286

126078

7631025129200000


4,2483,494

11,84630,87813,10925,01061,18339,34456,50814,280

7,61112,40331,934

7,05011,819

4,56926,52914,15127,01333,78728,05420,200

858,08033,34947,851

8,85840,229

5,56021,65710,360

5,48317,53512,82111,64718,972

8,6561,284

21,06212,144

4,7174,566

16,3509,8169,251

17,3523,0863,0774,932

15,0765,511

933925

3,0647,943

18,5388,9739,3555,231

25,8084,270

16,98332,21717,73020,15210,13827,30020,64920,027

2,460557,986

6,4189,9872,5736,417

12,29513,877

9,4199,7994,560

29,60231,84615,02223,44310,832

7,4751,284

16,1183,4349,928

11,7113,8223,755

13,1028,2022,901

13,8362,7807,1775,2944,475

5794,274

9065

4,2182,803

21,1553,8585,8793,872

28,43712,35335,8029,8025,0381,8132,126

14,0477,8622,088

15,533286,518

2,7532,7804,8512,4496,2218,741

10,4296,5207,2012,4411,9487,5024,0112,0746,3297,4416,396

908923

4,706457

2,128301

1,5801,2151,833

7443,873

26519

43034320

NA

4,16326,67512,842

5,98815,773

4,68469,62114,27839,19213,70332,60334,92522,92424,750

2,75126,32032,886

8,52413,860

7,417795,902

11,91615,98416,409

3,19627,286

9,56419,18538,50211,727

1,4433,6257,789

22,77653,72016,397

2,1304,134

13,3184,107

15,76715,012

9,0764,4976,1155,0376,032

20,8489,8525,0411,349

189

3,2167,605

31,7758,2505,367

35,71221,6966,8215,0612,613

11,7082,265

55,6993,6099,0342,4923,596

18,665405,52920,5667,3807,8822,7347,7049,2679,361

16,1908,8174,470

13,3212,742

9801,5107,964

12,7619,672

5316,2191,4012,8111,815

4284,4452,2384,160

3269379776282484

NA

24136665

1,830130520182

886

1,10952

179367226627

2,0081,0791,696

30040974

4,534241255942

32,34468223410323884614933410410173

58710,516

45222323


3,46025047793

793148467122

3,2151,3992,2921,036

22,7661,9961,7732,5423,538

9551,339

76,8817,8422,015

287655239

1,4964,442

329279

1,142967

1,074552371

1,0539133

264816121

1,84214932125556046

5238513

13414975

11231

1,8321,7831,558

19,1671,9731,022

701727358

2,072229

1,6371,362

54,035923

3,759623

1,1673,579

15214468732561163

948767354174

1,42884329

10824130072

541341207116417813

3893782

143110742

107187432372

2,804385335446

1,8303,079

611,365

302402

21,508288

4,1311452282094186669587

34319

367549

39

5827120913333

1342131982347224

32457

36413216

101

NA

AVG

57.7%

AVG

55.3%

AVG

65.1%

AVG

23.5%

0

2

3

4

5

In M

illio

ns

1

2000–2001

2002–2003

2001–2002

2003–2004

2004–2005

2005–2006

2006–2007

2007–2008

2010–2011

2009–2010

2008–2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

19.6%

17.7%

9.5%

9.2%

4.9%

3.9%

3.7%

3.3%

3.0%

3.0%

2.9%

2.6%

2.0%

1.9%

1.8%

1.8%

1.4%

1.2%

1.1%

1.0%

1.0%

0.8%

0.7%

0.5%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.2%

Business,Management, Marketing

Health Professions andClinical Sciences

Education

Liberal Arts and Sciences,General Studies and Humanities

Social Sciences

Visual and Performing Arts

Psychology

Engineering

Security and Protective Services

Computer and Information Sciences

Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Communication, Journalism,Related Programs

English Language andLiterature/Letters

Legal Professions and Studies

Public Administration andSocial Service Professions

Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences

History

Parks, recreation, Leisure, andFitness Studies

Physical Sciences

Foreign Languages, Literature,and Linguistics

Agriculture and Related Sciences

Mathematics and Statistics

Philosophy and Religious Studies

Architecture and Related Services

Natural Resources and Conservation

Area, Ethnic, Cultural, andGender StudiesLibrary Science

701,077

630,915

338,862

327,433

176,766

138,248

133,813

116,309

106,490

105,453

102,832

92,193

72,751

67,467

65,516

64,345

48,780

43,384

39,577

36,770

36,764

27,406

25,488

18,013

17,991

15,548

14,180

7,756

197,660141,834118,15495,92483,94072,33256,24254,29654,12243,71641,41237,53835,02634,49430,11429,42629,09628,83027,27824,44222,73622,61421,68220,47019,55619,02418,62818,09416,86216,39415,69412,97411,07610,83810,1209,5368,0587,6987,3406,7186,4425,8765,5705,2724,8323,9303,2903,2702,3982,2701,998

CaliforniaFlorida

New YorkTexas

ArizonaIllinois

OhioMichigan

PennsylvaniaWashington

North CarolinaVirginia

New JerseyMinnesota

IndianaMissouriColorado

GeorgiaIowa


MarylandKentucky

UtahTennesseeOklahomaAlabama


OregonKansas

ArkansasConnecticut

LouisianaNew Mexico

NebraskaRhode IslandWest Virginia

NevadaIdaho

HawaiiNew Hampshire

WyomingMaine


DelawareMontanaVermont

District of ColumbiaAlaska

Private2-year

(Not-for-Profit)

Public2-year

All2-year

Private2-year

(For-Profit)

All4-year

12,7660000

1,019,2120000

116,686VTSVTS

00

428,4723,366,8561,326,210

74,542100,002

Public4-year

174,9702,121,796617,50446,48847,542

Private4-year

(Not-for-Profit)

81,2641,075,400581,73226,89251,208

Private4-year

(For-Profit)

172,238169,660126,9741,1621,252

1,148,664VTSVTS

00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Asian/Native Hawaiian/

Other PacificIslander

American Indian orAlaska Native

AfricanAmerican

Hispanic Whitenon-Hispanic

76,314222,86270,8244,306

12,342

16,52823,6426,644336700

182,664253,05269,6142,7525,110

976,4242,254,326753,51639,76464,054

188,998298,848123,6944,5167,276

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MaleFemale

979,7901,928,460798,27438,68849,550

597,3461,438,398527,93635,85450,452

No. ofStudents In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

336,594255,690210,128180,334167,778146,142127,974115,912109,37296,74890,41483,72282,60081,23081,18276,51470,60068,85863,12061,13860,26057,16056,76450,96644,52244,12044,06442,03440,87239,46438,09237,10627,25024,93624,52423,92422,92022,05418,97018,57216,03214,61214,49412,50212,08611,77611,70611,11810,8583,7983,252

CaliforniaNew York

TexasPennsylvania

FloridaIllinois

OhioMichigan


VirginiaIndianaGeorgia

MissouriArizona

WisconsinNew Jersey

MinnesotaWashington

TennesseeColorado

IowaMarylandAlabama

South CarolinaLouisiana

UtahKentucky

ConnecticutOklahoma

OregonKansas

NebraskaMississippi

ArkansasDistrict of Columbia

West VirginiaRhode Island

New HampshireIdaho

New MexicoMaine

NevadaVermont

North DakotaDelaware

HawaiiSouth Dakota

MontanaWyoming

Alaska

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

134,468125,12483,73472,94464,48261,18660,79456,89643,46243,12439,19638,39233,38830,38030,02628,78426,96825,85025,71821,75421,44820,52618,46818,18618,02415,13612,76012,62012,52412,32811,82610,09410,0308,9488,4408,3207,5486,6626,4065,0104,8044,7504,3563,9863,5043,1902,7062,4842,3541,208894

New YorkCalifornia

IllinoisTexas

PennsylvaniaArizona

MassachusettsFlorida

MichiganOhio

MissouriMinnesota

VirginiaMaryland

GeorgiaNorth Carolina

New JerseyIndiana

ColoradoDistrict of Columbia

AlabamaTennessee


WisconsinKentucky

OregonKansas

LouisianaIowa

OklahomaUtah

South CarolinaNebraska


ArkansasNew Hampshire

New MexicoNevada

DelawareRhode Island

VermontHawaiiMaineIdaho


MontanaAlaska

Wyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

13,5147,6286,1663,9803,3103,1702,8742,4762,2082,1402,0781,8181,8101,7821,7041,6201,3501,3001,2441,1861,1401,1281,034864836628576566530412402350322318282278252204198192176160116110986784000

CaliforniaNew York

FloridaTexas


New JerseyOhio

GeorgiaColorado

VirginiaWashington

IowaIndiana

MichiganMissouriAlabama

MassachusettsLouisiana

South CarolinaArizona

KentuckyDistrict of Columbia

OklahomaIllinois

MississippiArkansas

TennesseeDelaware

HawaiiWest VirginiaNorth Dakota

New HampshireIdaho

MontanaRhode Island

NevadaNebraska

South DakotaOregon

UtahNew Mexico

MaineMinnesotaWisconsin

KansasVermont

MarylandAlaska

ConnecticutWyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

11,5129,9947,8047,0365,6124,0464,0104,0003,5903,4663,0602,9722,9402,7842,6982,5302,2682,1221,9421,7721,7521,7281,5241,4141,012834722710554446446418382360350326296280134102540000000000

New YorkCalifornia

FloridaTexas

PennsylvaniaOhio


MassachusettsNew Jersey

IllinoisDistrict of Columbia

LouisianaGeorgiaIndiana

MichiganIowa

ColoradoOklahoma

MissouriKentucky

South CarolinaWashington

AlabamaArkansas

West VirginiaMinnesotaTennessee


North DakotaNew Hampshire

VermontSouth Dakota

OregonIdaho

HawaiiMontana

MississippiNevada

WisconsinAlaska

ArizonaConnecticut

DelawareKansasMaine

MarylandNew Mexico

UtahWyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctoral

1,244,171578,865473,502119,585

1,291,900595,133487,313119,663

1,348,811634,016518,699121,579

1,399,542665,301564,272126,087

1,439,264696,660580,151134,387

1,485,242713,066599,731138,056

1,542,092728,114610,597144,690

1,563,069750,164630,666149,378

1,601,368787,325662,079154,425

1,650,014849,452693,025158,558

1,715,913942,327730,635163,765

Associates Bachelors Masters Doctorate Professional

88.7

%

72.8

%

1.1%

10.2

%

27.2

%

40.8

%63

.0%

46.6

%62

.4%

47.5

%

19.0

%31

.9%

43.9

%36

.1%

51.2

%

40.2

%5.

0% 9.6%

1.6%

1.3%

100.

0%10

0.0%

100.

0%10

0.0%


13.1

%

1.1%

0.8%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8% 5.

3% 7.3%

6.9% 8.3%

13.8

%

12.7

%

8.3%

6.8%

5.3% 5.7%

67.8

% 73.8

%

73.6

%

77.0

%

71.6

%

9.8% 12

.1%

8.7%

8.1%


37.9%42.7%

39.8%

48.1%50.5%

62.1%57.3%

60.2%

51.9% 49.5%

9.4a Number of Degrees Awarded by Degree Type for the Nation from 2001-2009 9.4b Number of Degrees Granted in the Nation by Sector, 2009 9.4c Number of Degrees Granted in the Nation by Race/Ethnicity, 2009 9.4d Number of Degrees Granted by Gender, 2009 9.4e Total Degrees Awarded by Major CIP Code, 2009 9.4f Number of Associate's Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4g Number of Bachelor's Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4h Number of Masters Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4i Number of Doctorate Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4j Number of Professional Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009

0

2

3

4

5

In M

illio

ns

1

2000–2001

2002–2003

2001–2002

2003–2004

2004–2005

2005–2006

2006–2007

2007–2008

2010–2011

2009–2010

2008–2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

19.6%

17.7%

9.5%

9.2%

4.9%

3.9%

3.7%

3.3%

3.0%

3.0%

2.9%

2.6%

2.0%

1.9%

1.8%

1.8%

1.4%

1.2%

1.1%

1.0%

1.0%

0.8%

0.7%

0.5%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.2%

Business,Management, Marketing

Health Professions andClinical Sciences

Education

Liberal Arts and Sciences,General Studies and Humanities

Social Sciences

Visual and Performing Arts

Psychology

Engineering

Security and Protective Services

Computer and Information Sciences

Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Communication, Journalism,Related Programs

English Language andLiterature/Letters

Legal Professions and Studies

Public Administration andSocial Service Professions

Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences

History

Parks, recreation, Leisure, andFitness Studies

Physical Sciences

Foreign Languages, Literature,and Linguistics

Agriculture and Related Sciences

Mathematics and Statistics

Philosophy and Religious Studies

Architecture and Related Services

Natural Resources and Conservation

Area, Ethnic, Cultural, andGender StudiesLibrary Science

701,077

630,915

338,862

327,433

176,766

138,248

133,813

116,309

106,490

105,453

102,832

92,193

72,751

67,467

65,516

64,345

48,780

43,384

39,577

36,770

36,764

27,406

25,488

18,013

17,991

15,548

14,180

7,756

197,660141,834118,15495,92483,94072,33256,24254,29654,12243,71641,41237,53835,02634,49430,11429,42629,09628,83027,27824,44222,73622,61421,68220,47019,55619,02418,62818,09416,86216,39415,69412,97411,07610,83810,1209,5368,0587,6987,3406,7186,4425,8765,5705,2724,8323,9303,2903,2702,3982,2701,998

CaliforniaFlorida

New YorkTexas

ArizonaIllinois

OhioMichigan

PennsylvaniaWashington

North CarolinaVirginia

New JerseyMinnesota

IndianaMissouriColorado

GeorgiaIowa


MarylandKentucky

UtahTennesseeOklahomaAlabama


OregonKansas

ArkansasConnecticut

LouisianaNew Mexico

NebraskaRhode IslandWest Virginia

NevadaIdaho

HawaiiNew Hampshire

WyomingMaine


DelawareMontanaVermont

District of ColumbiaAlaska

Private2-year

(Not-for-Profit)

Public2-year

All2-year

Private2-year

(For-Profit)

All4-year

12,7660000

1,019,2120000

116,686VTSVTS

00

428,4723,366,8561,326,210

74,542100,002

Public4-year

174,9702,121,796617,50446,48847,542

Private4-year

(Not-for-Profit)

81,2641,075,400581,73226,89251,208

Private4-year

(For-Profit)

172,238169,660126,9741,1621,252

1,148,664VTSVTS

00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Asian/Native Hawaiian/

Other PacificIslander

American Indian orAlaska Native

AfricanAmerican

Hispanic Whitenon-Hispanic

76,314222,86270,8244,306

12,342

16,52823,6426,644336700

182,664253,05269,6142,7525,110

976,4242,254,326753,51639,76464,054

188,998298,848123,6944,5167,276

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MaleFemale

979,7901,928,460798,27438,68849,550

597,3461,438,398527,93635,85450,452

No. ofStudents In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

336,594255,690210,128180,334167,778146,142127,974115,912109,37296,74890,41483,72282,60081,23081,18276,51470,60068,85863,12061,13860,26057,16056,76450,96644,52244,12044,06442,03440,87239,46438,09237,10627,25024,93624,52423,92422,92022,05418,97018,57216,03214,61214,49412,50212,08611,77611,70611,11810,8583,7983,252

CaliforniaNew York

TexasPennsylvania

FloridaIllinois

OhioMichigan


VirginiaIndianaGeorgia

MissouriArizona

WisconsinNew Jersey

MinnesotaWashington

TennesseeColorado

IowaMarylandAlabama

South CarolinaLouisiana

UtahKentucky

ConnecticutOklahoma

OregonKansas

NebraskaMississippi

ArkansasDistrict of Columbia

West VirginiaRhode Island

New HampshireIdaho

New MexicoMaine

NevadaVermont

North DakotaDelaware

HawaiiSouth Dakota

MontanaWyoming

Alaska

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

134,468125,12483,73472,94464,48261,18660,79456,89643,46243,12439,19638,39233,38830,38030,02628,78426,96825,85025,71821,75421,44820,52618,46818,18618,02415,13612,76012,62012,52412,32811,82610,09410,0308,9488,4408,3207,5486,6626,4065,0104,8044,7504,3563,9863,5043,1902,7062,4842,3541,208894

New YorkCalifornia

IllinoisTexas

PennsylvaniaArizona

MassachusettsFlorida

MichiganOhio

MissouriMinnesota

VirginiaMaryland


New JerseyIndiana

ColoradoDistrict of Columbia

AlabamaTennessee


WisconsinKentucky

OregonKansas

LouisianaIowa

OklahomaUtah

South CarolinaNebraska


ArkansasNew Hampshire

New MexicoNevada

DelawareRhode Island

VermontHawaiiMaineIdaho


MontanaAlaska

Wyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

13,5147,6286,1663,9803,3103,1702,8742,4762,2082,1402,0781,8181,8101,7821,7041,6201,3501,3001,2441,1861,1401,1281,034864836628576566530412402350322318282278252204198192176160116110986784000

CaliforniaNew York

FloridaTexas


New JerseyOhio

GeorgiaColorado

VirginiaWashington

IowaIndiana

MichiganMissouriAlabama

MassachusettsLouisiana

South CarolinaArizona

KentuckyDistrict of Columbia

OklahomaIllinois

MississippiArkansas

TennesseeDelaware

HawaiiWest VirginiaNorth Dakota

New HampshireIdaho

MontanaRhode Island

NevadaNebraska

South DakotaOregon

UtahNew Mexico

MaineMinnesotaWisconsin

KansasVermont

MarylandAlaska

ConnecticutWyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

11,5129,9947,8047,0365,6124,0464,0104,0003,5903,4663,0602,9722,9402,7842,6982,5302,2682,1221,9421,7721,7521,7281,5241,4141,012834722710554446446418382360350326296280134102540000000000

New YorkCalifornia

FloridaTexas

PennsylvaniaOhio


MassachusettsNew Jersey

IllinoisDistrict of Columbia

LouisianaGeorgiaIndiana

MichiganIowa

ColoradoOklahoma

MissouriKentucky

South CarolinaWashington

AlabamaArkansas

West VirginiaMinnesotaTennessee


North DakotaNew Hampshire

VermontSouth Dakota

OregonIdaho

HawaiiMontana

MississippiNevada

WisconsinAlaska

ArizonaConnecticut

DelawareKansasMaine

MarylandNew Mexico

UtahWyoming

In Thousands

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

Associate Bachelor’s Master’s Doctoral

1,244,171578,865473,502119,585

1,291,900595,133487,313119,663

1,348,811634,016518,699121,579

1,399,542665,301564,272126,087

1,439,264696,660580,151134,387

1,485,242713,066599,731138,056

1,542,092728,114610,597144,690

1,563,069750,164630,666149,378

1,601,368787,325662,079154,425

1,650,014849,452693,025158,558

1,715,913942,327730,635163,765


88.7

%

72.8

%

1.1%

10.2

%

27.2

%

40.8

%63

.0%

46.6

%62

.4%

47.5

%

19.0

%31

.9%

43.9

%36

.1%

51.2

%

40.2

%5.

0% 9.6%

1.6%

1.3%

100.

0%10

0.0%

100.

0%10

0.0%


13.1

%

1.1%

0.8%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8% 5.

3% 7.3%

6.9% 8.3%

13.8

%

12.7

%

8.3%

6.8%

5.3% 5.7%

67.8

% 73.8

%

73.6

%

77.0

%

71.6

%

9.8% 12

.1%

8.7%

8.1%


37.9%42.7%

39.8%

48.1%50.5%

62.1%57.3%

60.2%

51.9% 49.5%

9.4a Number of Degrees Awarded by Degree Type for the Nation from 2001-2009 9.4b Number of Degrees Granted in the Nation by Sector, 2009 9.4c Number of Degrees Granted in the Nation by Race/Ethnicity, 2009 9.4d Number of Degrees Granted by Gender, 2009 9.4e Total Degrees Awarded by Major CIP Code, 2009 9.4f Number of Associate's Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4g Number of Bachelor's Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4h Number of Masters Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4i Number of Doctorate Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009 9.4j Number of Professional Degrees Awarded by State Rank, 2009

Private, 4-Year (Not for profit)

Public, 4-Year Total, 4-Year

31

TenProvide postsecondary opportunities as an essential element of adult education programs.

WE RECOMMEND a renewed commitment to adult education opportunities, one that supplements existing basic skills training and General Educational Development opportunities with a new “honors GED,” and better coordination of federal and state efforts to provide adult education, veterans benefits, outreach programs and student aid.

While we work on improving completion for those enrolled in college, we must not forget that 15 percent of Americans ages 25 to 34 do not have a high school diploma, and this statistic is twice as large for Hispanics within the same age range. Those within our population who do not even have a high school credential have little chance of obtaining satisfying and self-supporting work.

A small percentage of these adults do attempt to take the General Educational Development (GED) test in order to earn a high school equivalency certificate or diploma, and the percentages who were GED candidates and who passed the GED have been increasing slowly over the past five years.27 State by state, it is discouraging to note that the states with the highest percentages of 25- to 34-year-olds without a high school diploma — Nevada, California and Texas — are also among the states where the fewest such individuals are passing the GED. The GED testing program is currently being revised to align with the Common Core State Standards.

Adult basic education must not end with the GED but should propel students further. Recent efforts to help low-skilled adults earn postsecondary credentials by combining basic skills education with occupational training are showing promise. The Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) program, first developed in Washington State, provides concurrent and integrated academic and technical preparation for adults who place into basic skills education. Multiple studies have found that I-BEST students are more likely to

completionagenda.collegeboard.org Recommendation Ten 31


National Percentage of Adults Ages 25–34 with No High School Diploma Who Attained a GED, 2005–2010Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey Five-Year Estimates; American Council on Education 2005–2010 Annual Statistical Reports

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

8.8%8.7%7.7%6.9%6.8%6.4%5.7%5.6%5.1%5.1%5.0%4.9%4.9%4.8%4.7%4.6%4.6%4.2%4.2%3.9%3.9%3.8%3.8%3.8%3.7%3.7%3.7%3.7%3.6%3.6%3.3%3.2%3.2%3.2%3.2%3.1%3.0%3.0%2.9%2.8%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.3%2.3%2.2%2.2%2.2%1.9%1.9%1.8%1.4%

MaineNorth Dakota

WisconsinWyomingMontana

AlaskaMinnesota

South DakotaNew Hampshire

WashingtonIowa

MississippiIdaho

OregonNebraska

West VirginiaVirginia

PennsylvaniaColorado

New MexicoNorth Carolina

OhioConnecticut

New YorkTennessee

MassachusettsMichigan

GeorgiaKentuckyVermont

UtahMissouri

OklahomaIllinois

Rhode IslandAlabamaArkansas

IndianaHawaii

New JerseyArizonaFlorida

UNITED STATESSouth Carolina

Louisiana Maryland


DelawareTexas

KansasCalifornia

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

4.7%4.7%4.4%3.5%3.3%3.3%3.2%3.0%3.0%3.0%2.9%2.8%2.8%2.7%2.7%2.6%2.6%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.3%2.3%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.2%2.1%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%1.7%1.7%1.7%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.5%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.1%0.8%

North DakotaMaine

WyomingMontana

West VirginiaAlaska

WisconsinMinnesota

New HampshireIowa

South DakotaOhio

KentuckyOregon

IdahoVirginia

TennesseeMissouri

WashingtonMississippi

UtahArkansas

PennsylvaniaColorado

OklahomaIndiana

NebraskaNew Mexico


MassachusettsHawaii

AlabamaMichiganNew York

ConnecticutDelaware

New JerseyIllinois


ArizonaKansas

VermontSouth Carolina

Louisiana Nevada


District of ColumbiaTexas

California

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2.5% 2.5% 2.7% 2.7%2.4% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6%1.6% 1.9%1.4%

10.2a National Percentage of Adults Ages 25-34 with no High School Diploma who were

GED Candidates, 2005-2009

10.2b Percentage of Adults Ages 25-34 with no High School Diploma

who were GED Candidates by State Rank, 2009

10.2c National Percentage of Adults Ages 25-34 with no High School Diploma who Attained a GED, 2005-2009

AVG

2.7%

42

U.S. Average

9

States

States

10.2d Percentage of Adults Ages 25-34 with No High School Diploma who Attained a GED by State Rank, 2009

AVG

1.6%

39

U.S. Average

12

States

States

earn college credits and a college credential, and show gains on the basic skills assessment, than similar students in colleges that did not offer the program. Thus there are proven new ways to help the nation’s lower-skilled adults gain postsecondary credentials and improved prospects in employment.28

33

Going ForwardIn the coming months, the College Board Advocacy & Policy Center will release a series of briefs on selected topics from the College Completion Agenda. These briefs will provide policymakers and the public with additional and deeper insights on some of the key issues to further inform the national conversation on our challenges and provide recommendations to help reach our goal. The Advocacy & Policy Center is committed to continuing this work in support of a more prosperous future for all Americans.

completionagenda.collegeboard.org 33

34

Endnotes1. Richard Fry and Kim Parker, Record Shares of Young Adults Have Finished Both High School and College (Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, Social & Demographic Trends Project, 2012).

2. Doug Shapiro, Afet Dundar, Jin Chen, Mary Ziskin, Eunkyoung Park, Vasti Torres, and Yi-Chen Chiang, Completing College: A National View of Student Attainment Rates (Herndon, VA: National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2012).

3. Arthur M. Hauptman, “Increasing Higher Education Attainment in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities,” in Getting to Graduation: The Completion Agenda in Higher Education, eds. Andrew P. Kelly and Mark Schneider (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 17–47.

4. Thomas Bailey, “Can Community Colleges Achieve Ambitious Graduation Goals?” in Getting to Graduation: The Completion Agenda in Higher Education, eds. Andrew P. Kelly and Mark Schneider (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 73–101.

5. National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study (Washington, DC: NCES, 2012).

6. Susan Aud, William Hussar, Frank Johnson, Grace Kena, Erin Roth, from the National Center for Education Statistics; Eileen Manning, Xiaolei Wang, Jijun Zhang, from American Institutes for Research; Liz Notter Synergy Enterprises, Inc., The Condition of Education (Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, 2012).

7. Jessica Howell and Jonathan Smith, Getting Into College: A Cross-Cohort Examination of College Preparations by Lower-SES Students (New York: The College Board, 2011).

8. Mary Bruce and John Bridgeland, True North: Charting the Course to College and Career Readiness (New York: The College Board, 2012).

9. Michael Hurwitz and Jessica Howell, Estimating Causal Impacts of School Counselors Using Regression Discontinuity Designs, (The Journal of Counseling and Development, in press).

10. Melissa E. Clinedinst, Sarah F. Hurley, and David A. Hawkins, NACAC State of College Admission, 2007–2010 (Arlington, VA: National Association for College Admission Counseling, 2011).

11. National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study (Washington, DC: NCES, 2012).

12. Aud, et al., The Condition of Education.

13. Robert Balfanz, John M. Bridgeland, Mary Bruce, and Joanna Hornig, Building a Grad Nation (Washington, DC: Civic Enterprises, 2012).

14. Included in this 46 is Minnesota, which has adopted the standards in English language arts but not in mathematics.

15. College Board, The 8th Annual AP Report to the Nation (New York: The College Board, 2012). Also see http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/research/2012_size_and_increment.pdf and http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/research/2012_annual_participation.pdf.

16. Community College Research Center, What We Know About Dual Enrollment (New York: Community College Research Center, 2012).

17. EPE Research Center: National Highlights Report 2012, a special supplement to Education Week’s Quality Counts 2012, The Global Challenge: Education in a Competitive World.

18. EPE Research Center, National Highlights Report 2012.

35

19. Aud, et al., The Condition of Education.

20. College Board Advocacy & Policy Center, Complexity in College Admission: Fact or Urban Myth (New York: The College Board, 2010).

21. Jonathan Smith, Matea Pender, Jessica Howell, and Michael Hurwitz, A Review of the Causes and Consequences of Students’ Postsecondary Choices (New York: The College Board, 2012).

22. Jonathan Smith, Can Applying to More Colleges Increase Enrollment Rates? (New York: The College Board, 2011).

23. Sandy Baum and Kathleen Payea, Trends in Student Aid (New York: The College Board, 2012).

24. Sandy Baum and Jennifer Ma, Trends in College Pricing (New York: The College Board, 2012).

25. See for example, research on the Accelerated Learning Program at the Community College of Baltimore County: http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Publication.asp?uid=1107.26

26. See Davis Jenkins and Sung-Woo Cho, Get With the Program: Accelerating Community College Students’ Entry into and Completion of Programs of Study (CCRC Working Paper No. 32) (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).

27. 2010 GED Testing Program Statistical Report (Washington, DC: American Council on Education, 2011).

28. Davis Jenkins, Matthew Zeidenberg and Gregory Kienzl, Educational Outcomes of I-BEST, Washington State Community and Technical College System’s Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training Program: Findings from a Multivariate Analysis [CCRC Working Paper No. 16] (New York: Columbia University, Teachers College, Community College Research Center, 2009); and Matthew Zeidenberg, Sung-Woo Cho, and Davis Jenkins. Washington State’s Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training program (I-BEST): New Evidence of Effectiveness [CCRC Working Paper No. 20] (New York: Columbia University, Teachers College, Community College Research Center, 2010).

38

About the College Board

The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools.

For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org.

The College Board Advocacy & Policy Center was established to help transform education in America. Guided by the College Board’s principles of excellence and equity in education, we work to ensure that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to succeed in college and beyond. We make critical connections between policy, research and real-world practice to develop innovative solutions to the most pressing challenges in education today. This report can be downloaded at completionagenda.collegeboard.org. Hard copies may be ordered by contacting [email protected].

advocacy.collegeboard.org

© 2013 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners.

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