the cold war (1945-1955)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOMHOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

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THE COLD WARTHE COLD WAR(1945-1955)(1945-1955)Section 1:Section 1: The World After War The World After WarSection 2:Section 2: The Roots of the Cold War The Roots of the Cold WarSection 3:Section 3: The Truman Years The Truman YearsSection 4:Section 4: The Korean War The Korean WarSection 5:Section 5: Cold War Fears Cold War Fears

Chapter 17



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Answer in your notebook:Answer in your notebook:Should the United States spend billions of Should the United States spend billions of dollars to rebuild the economies of war-torn dollars to rebuild the economies of war-torn countries?countries?(Even if the country was our enemy during the (Even if the country was our enemy during the war?)war?)

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan, and What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan, and

what was the result of the plan for Europe?what was the result of the plan for Europe? What were the major events of the Cold War What were the major events of the Cold War

between the United States and the Soviet Union between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1946-1951?from 1946-1951?

What U.S. foreign policy changes arose from the What U.S. foreign policy changes arose from the threat of communism in the postwar world?threat of communism in the postwar world?

Section 2:Section 2:The Roots of the Cold WarThe Roots of the Cold War



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The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan PurposePurpose

to create postwar economic recovery and to to create postwar economic recovery and to rebuild the nations of Europerebuild the nations of Europe

to prevent communism from spreading to to prevent communism from spreading to Western European nationsWestern European nations

Between l948 and 1951 Congress approved Between l948 and 1951 Congress approved $13 billion for Marshall Plan aid.$13 billion for Marshall Plan aid.




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Major Events of the Cold War Major Events of the Cold War Between the U.S. and the Soviet UnionBetween the U.S. and the Soviet Union June 28, 1948, the Soviets blocked all rail and June 28, 1948, the Soviets blocked all rail and

highway traffic between western Germany and Berlin highway traffic between western Germany and Berlin in an attempted takeover.in an attempted takeover.

The same month the U.S. and British began the The same month the U.S. and British began the Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift to supply the people with food and to supply the people with food and supplies.supplies.

In May 1949 the Soviets lifted the blockade and In May 1949 the Soviets lifted the blockade and Germany was divided into two nations.Germany was divided into two nations.




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Changes in U.S. Foreign Policy Changes in U.S. Foreign Policy Due to the Threat of CommunismDue to the Threat of Communism U.S. adopted a new foreign policy, known as U.S. adopted a new foreign policy, known as

containmentcontainment, to stop the spread of communism., to stop the spread of communism. April 1949 the U.S. and nine Western European April 1949 the U.S. and nine Western European

nations formed the nations formed the North Atlantic TreatyNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization (NATO) and pledged to defend (NATO) and pledged to defend one another. Canada and Iceland joined later.one another. Canada and Iceland joined later.




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THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONCOMMISSION UN human rights efforts were captured in UN human rights efforts were captured in

three major statements:three major statements: Universal Declaration of Human RightsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights

(1948). The Declaration established a series (1948). The Declaration established a series of universal human rights that were to be of universal human rights that were to be binding on all nations.binding on all nations.

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1865 to the PresentUN Human RightsUN Human Rights Convention against GenocideConvention against Genocide (1948). This (1948). This

convention, passed unanimously by the General convention, passed unanimously by the General Assembly, was aimed at preventing the atrocities Assembly, was aimed at preventing the atrocities like those carried out by the Nazis in World War II.like those carried out by the Nazis in World War II.

Geneva ConventionsGeneva Conventions (1949). The purpose of these (1949). The purpose of these conventions was to “civilize” war, especially with conventions was to “civilize” war, especially with respect to the treatment of prisoners and enemy respect to the treatment of prisoners and enemy combatants.combatants.

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State control was enforced in State control was enforced in two waystwo ways

Secret PoliceSecret Police The secret police The secret police

arrested people arrested people who spoke out who spoke out against the against the government or government or were otherwise were otherwise considered a considered a threat.threat.

SpiesSpies Soviet spies Soviet spies

infiltrated western infiltrated western countries to learn countries to learn their secrets as well their secrets as well as learn if anyone as learn if anyone from their from their communist communist countries had countries had switched sides.switched sides.



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This was not just in the U.S.S.RThis was not just in the U.S.S.R

While there are some differences between While there are some differences between communist countries, for the most part they were communist countries, for the most part they were and still are very restrictive about Human Rights and and still are very restrictive about Human Rights and stick to the main economic principles of stick to the main economic principles of communism.communism.

While there are some differences between While there are some differences between communist countries, for the most part they were communist countries, for the most part they were and still are very restrictive about Human Rights and and still are very restrictive about Human Rights and stick to the main economic principles of stick to the main economic principles of communism.communism.



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Cold War Alignments: 1953Cold War Alignments: 1953



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Cold War Alignments: 1980Cold War Alignments: 1980



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Berlin Wall: 1961Berlin Wall: 1961

In a masterfully-planned operation, spanning just 24 hours, In a masterfully-planned operation, spanning just 24 hours, the streets of Berlin were torn up, barricades of paving the streets of Berlin were torn up, barricades of paving stones were erected, tanks were gathered at crucial places stones were erected, tanks were gathered at crucial places and subways and local railway services were interrupted, so and subways and local railway services were interrupted, so that within a day the West of Berlin was completely sealed that within a day the West of Berlin was completely sealed off from the East. off from the East.

As of that same day inhabitants of East Berlin and East As of that same day inhabitants of East Berlin and East Germany were no longer allowed to enter the West of the Germany were no longer allowed to enter the West of the city (including the 60,000 who had been commuters).city (including the 60,000 who had been commuters).



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Berlin Wall built to stop East Germans Berlin Wall built to stop East Germans from fleeing to the west!from fleeing to the west!



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The wall was built to The wall was built to split East and West split East and West Berlin in 1961 and Berlin in 1961 and stood until 1989.stood until 1989.

About 100-200 About 100-200 people were killed people were killed trying to cross over, trying to cross over, under, or through under, or through this wall to join their this wall to join their families and friends families and friends on the other side.on the other side.

It eventually It eventually extended for over extended for over 100 miles.100 miles.



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Berlin Wall in the 1980Berlin Wall in the 1980’’ss



1865 to the PresentPolitical Political CartoonsCartoons

The Cold WarThe Cold War



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What makes a good politicalWhat makes a good political cartoon?cartoon? A recognizable issueA recognizable issue

SymbolsSymbols ExaggerationExaggeration Humor & IronyHumor & Irony CaptionsCaptions Point of ViewPoint of View Caricatures (funny portraits)Caricatures (funny portraits)



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Analyze this political cartoon:Analyze this political cartoon:



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Analyze:Analyze:



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Analyze:



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Analyze:



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Changes in U.S. Foreign Policy Changes in U.S. Foreign Policy Due to the Threat of CommunismDue to the Threat of Communism U.S. quadrupled its defense spending and U.S. quadrupled its defense spending and

Truman approved the development of more Truman approved the development of more powerful nuclear weapons.powerful nuclear weapons.

U.S. began to move away from isolationism U.S. began to move away from isolationism and strengthen its alliances.and strengthen its alliances.


(continued)



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What steps did the U.S. government take to What steps did the U.S. government take to

help returning veterans?help returning veterans? What problems did the U.S. economy face in What problems did the U.S. economy face in

the postwar period?the postwar period? What problems did Truman face in the 1948 What problems did Truman face in the 1948

presidential election, and why did he win?presidential election, and why did he win?

Section 3:Section 3:The Truman YearsThe Truman Years



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Helping Returning VeteransHelping Returning Veterans Most of the 15 million returning veterans needed jobs Most of the 15 million returning veterans needed jobs

and the government encouraged women to stop and the government encouraged women to stop working.working.

The The GI Bill of RightsGI Bill of Rights (1944) offered veterans (1944) offered veterans generous benefits such as affordable home and generous benefits such as affordable home and business loans.business loans.

The same law provided financial aid for millions of The same law provided financial aid for millions of vets to attend colleges and technical schools.vets to attend colleges and technical schools.




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Problems of the U.S. Economy Problems of the U.S. Economy in the Postwar Yearsin the Postwar Years In 1946 the inflation rate was more than 18 percent.In 1946 the inflation rate was more than 18 percent. In April 1946 United Mine Workers went on strike In April 1946 United Mine Workers went on strike

and Truman placed them under government control and Truman placed them under government control when a settlement could not be reached.when a settlement could not be reached.

In 1947 Ohio senator Robert Taft led the drive to In 1947 Ohio senator Robert Taft led the drive to pass the pass the Taft-Hartley ActTaft-Hartley Act, which made closed shops , which made closed shops illegal.illegal.




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TrumanTruman’’s Problems in the 1948 Elections Problems in the 1948 Election Labor unrest caused many Americans to question Labor unrest caused many Americans to question

TrumanTruman’’s ability as president.s ability as president. Republicans had gained control of Congress for the Republicans had gained control of Congress for the

first time in 18 years.first time in 18 years. Some Democrats joined a Some Democrats joined a ““dump Trumandump Truman”” movement movement

and others formed the new and others formed the new DixiecratDixiecrat party and a new party and a new Progressive Party thus splitting their votes.Progressive Party thus splitting their votes.




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TrumanTruman’’s Victory in the 1948 Elections Victory in the 1948 Election Truman won union support by vetoing the Taft-Truman won union support by vetoing the Taft-

Hartley Act.Hartley Act. He won the African American vote with his He won the African American vote with his

support for civil rights.support for civil rights. Many Progressives switched to Truman when it Many Progressives switched to Truman when it

looked as if the Republicans would win.looked as if the Republicans would win. The recovering economy was also important.The recovering economy was also important.




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Truman Decides Not to Run for Re-electionTruman Decides Not to Run for Re-electionAnswer the following questions as you watch the Answer the following questions as you watch the videos…videos…

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1865 to the Present1. Who would their audience be? Would it be a general 1. Who would their audience be? Would it be a general audience, or would they want to target a specific group?audience, or would they want to target a specific group?2. What would they want viewers to think about the 2. What would they want viewers to think about the candidate?candidate?3. What arguments would they want to make? How would 3. What arguments would they want to make? How would they support those arguments?they support those arguments?4. How would they want viewers to feel about the 4. How would they want viewers to feel about the candidate?candidate?5. How would they want viewers to think and feel about 5. How would they want viewers to think and feel about the candidate’s opponent?the candidate’s opponent?

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why did the relationship between the United Why did the relationship between the United

States and China grow worse?States and China grow worse? What were the major events of the Korean What were the major events of the Korean

War?War? How did the Korean War affect U.S. politics?How did the Korean War affect U.S. politics?

Section 4:Section 4:The Korean WarThe Korean War



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Relations Between the U.S. and China Relations Between the U.S. and China Grow WorseGrow Worse Suspicious of any communist government, the Suspicious of any communist government, the

U.S. backed the Nationalists during the U.S. backed the Nationalists during the Chinese civil war.Chinese civil war.

Once Once Mao ZedongMao Zedong, the communist leader , the communist leader took power, the U.S. refused to recognize his took power, the U.S. refused to recognize his government and kept diplomatic relations government and kept diplomatic relations with the Nationalists in Taiwan.with the Nationalists in Taiwan.




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Relations Between the U.S. and China Relations Between the U.S. and China Grow WorseGrow Worse Many Americans feared that the PeopleMany Americans feared that the People ’’s s

Republic of China would join the Soviet Republic of China would join the Soviet Union to threaten the free world.Union to threaten the free world.

Relations grew worse when the Chinese sent Relations grew worse when the Chinese sent aid to N. Korea during the Korean War.aid to N. Korea during the Korean War.


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Major Events of the Korean WarMajor Events of the Korean War Following WWII, Korea had been temporarily divided Following WWII, Korea had been temporarily divided

between the U.S. and Soviet Union.between the U.S. and Soviet Union. A communist, Soviet backed government took power in A communist, Soviet backed government took power in

North Korea and in June 1950 invaded South Korea.North Korea and in June 1950 invaded South Korea. In June 27, 1950, the In June 27, 1950, the UN Security CouncilUN Security Council called on UN called on UN

members to support South Korea and General members to support South Korea and General Douglas Douglas MacArthurMacArthur becomes commander of UN troops. becomes commander of UN troops.




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Major Events of the Korean WarMajor Events of the Korean War In Early 1951, UN forces drove the North Koreans In Early 1951, UN forces drove the North Koreans

back across the back across the 3838thth parallel parallel and the fighting came to and the fighting came to a standstill.a standstill.

On July 27, 1953, the two sides signed a cease-fire On July 27, 1953, the two sides signed a cease-fire that effectively ended the war.that effectively ended the war.


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The Korean War and American PoliticsThe Korean War and American Politics The Korean War became a major issue in the The Korean War became a major issue in the

presidential election of 1952.presidential election of 1952. Truman decided not to seek re-election Truman decided not to seek re-election

knowing many voters blamed him for the knowing many voters blamed him for the Korean War.Korean War.

The Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson.The Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson.




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The Korean War and American PoliticsThe Korean War and American Politics The Republicans nominated General The Republicans nominated General Dwight Dwight

D. EisenhowerD. Eisenhower, a respected war hero who had , a respected war hero who had helped end the Korean War and took a firm helped end the Korean War and took a firm stand against the spread of communism.stand against the spread of communism.

EisenhowerEisenhower’’s policies won him the office of s policies won him the office of the presidency.the presidency.


(continued)



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TensionsTensions During the 1940During the 1940’’s, political tensions were building in s, political tensions were building in

KoreaKorea Japan had ruled Korea from 1910-1945, but had been Japan had ruled Korea from 1910-1945, but had been

driven out by the United States and the Soviet Union.driven out by the United States and the Soviet Union. 1945-the Allies had divided Korea into two zones, 1945-the Allies had divided Korea into two zones,

the Soviets occupied the northern zone and U.S. the Soviets occupied the northern zone and U.S. troops occupied the southern zone.troops occupied the southern zone.



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https://www.cia.gov/

North and South Korea



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Divided KoreaDivided Korea North Korea was led by communist leader North Korea was led by communist leader

Kim Il SungKim Il Sung South Korea was led by Syngman Rhee and South Korea was led by Syngman Rhee and

called itself the Republic of Koreacalled itself the Republic of Korea

Kim Il Sung http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il-sung

Syngman Rheehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngman_Rhee



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U.S. InvolvementU.S. Involvement South Korea was unstable economically South Korea was unstable economically The United States feared that South Korea would The United States feared that South Korea would

fall to communismfall to communism U.S. government helped to build up the South U.S. government helped to build up the South

Korean militaryKorean military Both the U.S. and the Soviets removed their Both the U.S. and the Soviets removed their

troops from Korea in 1949.troops from Korea in 1949.



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Fighting BeginsFighting Begins North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25,

1950.1950. The UN became involved and asked for an The UN became involved and asked for an

immediate cease fire immediate cease fire The Soviets were boycotting the U.N. due to The Soviets were boycotting the U.N. due to

the denial of admittance of China to the world the denial of admittance of China to the world governing bodygoverning body



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Support for South KoreaSupport for South Korea

June 27June 27thth-The U.N. Security Council -The U.N. Security Council labeled North Korea as an aggressor and labeled North Korea as an aggressor and offered support to South Koreaoffered support to South Korea

The U.S. sponsored this resolutionThe U.S. sponsored this resolution U.S. forces entered South Korea under the U.S. forces entered South Korea under the

direction General MacArthurdirection General MacArthur 15 other countries gave military and 15 other countries gave military and

monetary support, however no other monetary support, however no other country gave the same support that the country gave the same support that the United States did.United States did.



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Split PowerSplit Power By September the North Koreans had pushed the By September the North Koreans had pushed the

U.S. and South Korean forces into a retreatU.S. and South Korean forces into a retreat September 15, 1950, General MacArthur led a September 15, 1950, General MacArthur led a

counterattack and recaptured Seoul, which is South counterattack and recaptured Seoul, which is South KoreaKorea’’s capitals capital

The UN and U.S. forces were hit with a The UN and U.S. forces were hit with a counterattack from the North Koreans and eventually counterattack from the North Koreans and eventually had to settle with a defensive line at the 38had to settle with a defensive line at the 38 thth parallel parallel



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ChinaChina’’s Involvements Involvement China aided North Korea in late November.China aided North Korea in late November. Due to ChinaDue to China’’s involvement, General s involvement, General

MacArthur called for a major expansion of MacArthur called for a major expansion of the war. His proposal included:the war. His proposal included: Blockading ChinaBlockading China’’s coasts coast Invading the interior of ChinaInvading the interior of China



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Conflict Regarding the PlanConflict Regarding the Plan Supporters of MacArthurSupporters of MacArthur’’s plan said it would s plan said it would

overthrow the Communist regime in China overthrow the Communist regime in China Opponents argued that blockading China Opponents argued that blockading China

could entice the Soviets to become involvedcould entice the Soviets to become involved



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TrumanTruman’’s Responses Response President Truman opposed MacArthurPresident Truman opposed MacArthur ’’s plans plan Truman removed MacArthur from his Truman removed MacArthur from his

position in April 1951position in April 1951 The war had reached a stalemate by the The war had reached a stalemate by the

summer of 1951.summer of 1951. The war became a hot button issue in election The war became a hot button issue in election

of 1952 of 1952



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Election of 1952Election of 1952

Republican candidate Republican candidate Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

Democrat candidate Adlai Democrat candidate Adlai StevensonStevenson

Eisenhower promised to Eisenhower promised to end the Korean war yet still end the Korean war yet still resist the spread of resist the spread of CommunismCommunism

Eisenhower won the Eisenhower won the electoral college 442-89electoral college 442-89

President Eisenhower\



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Answer the following questions as you watch Answer the following questions as you watch the video:the video:

1. Who would their audience be? Would it be a general 1. Who would their audience be? Would it be a general audience, or would they want to target a specific audience, or would they want to target a specific group?group?2. What would they want viewers to think about the 2. What would they want viewers to think about the candidate?candidate?3. What arguments would they want to make? How 3. What arguments would they want to make? How would they support those arguments?would they support those arguments?4. How would they want viewers to feel about the 4. How would they want viewers to feel about the candidate?candidate?5. How would they want viewers to think and feel 5. How would they want viewers to think and feel about the candidate’s opponent?about the candidate’s opponent?

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The War EndsThe War Ends Eisenhower stayed true to his word to end the warEisenhower stayed true to his word to end the war Bombing raids increased by the U.S. in North Korea Bombing raids increased by the U.S. in North Korea

in May of 1953in May of 1953 July 27July 27thth, 1953 an armistice was agreed upon., 1953 an armistice was agreed upon. The outcome of the war was the same dividing line The outcome of the war was the same dividing line

that was present before the start of the war, that was present before the start of the war, approximately around the 38approximately around the 38thth parallel parallel



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Final Outcome



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What caused the new Red Scare?What caused the new Red Scare? How did the government respond to the How did the government respond to the

perceived threat of communism in the United perceived threat of communism in the United States?States?

What role did Senator Joseph McCarthy play What role did Senator Joseph McCarthy play in the new Red Scare?in the new Red Scare?

Section 5:Section 5:Cold War FearsCold War Fears



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U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government’’s Response s Response to the New Red Scareto the New Red Scare In 1951 the spy trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg In 1951 the spy trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

drew national attention.drew national attention.


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U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government’’s Response s Response to the New Red Scareto the New Red Scare President Truman created the Loyalty Review Board President Truman created the Loyalty Review Board

in March 1947 to look into the background of in March 1947 to look into the background of thousands of federal workers.thousands of federal workers.

In 1950 Congress passed the In 1950 Congress passed the Internal Security ActInternal Security Act – – law requiring registration of suspected communist law requiring registration of suspected communist groups and granting the federal government power to groups and granting the federal government power to arrest anyone suspected of disloyalty during national arrest anyone suspected of disloyalty during national emergencies.emergencies.


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Causes of the New Red ScareCauses of the New Red Scare The Cold War created strong fears of The Cold War created strong fears of

communists and communism in the U.S.communists and communism in the U.S. The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union’’s expanded control over s expanded control over

Eastern Europe worried Americans.Eastern Europe worried Americans. Communist successes in China and Communist successes in China and

involvement in the Korean War increased involvement in the Korean War increased anticommunist feeling in the U.S.anticommunist feeling in the U.S.




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U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government’’s Response s Response to the New Red Scareto the New Red Scare In May 1938 Congress created the In May 1938 Congress created the House Un-House Un-

American Activities CommitteeAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC) to look (HUAC) to look into disloyalty and harmful foreign influences in the into disloyalty and harmful foreign influences in the U.S.U.S.

In 1947 HUAC began a series of widely publicized In 1947 HUAC began a series of widely publicized hearings examining suspected communists in the hearings examining suspected communists in the movie industry.movie industry.




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Nothing newNothing new A. Mitchell PalmerA. Mitchell Palmer Mass HysteriaMass Hysteria

Terrorist attacks Terrorist attacks (Wall St.)(Wall St.)

DeportationsDeportations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wallstreetbmb.jpg



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Sen. Joseph Sen. Joseph McCarthyMcCarthy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Joseph_McCarthy.jpg



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HUACHUAC Questions askedQuestions asked 55thth Amendment Amendment



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What is the Washington Post cartoonist portraying in his drawing?



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-April 1949--April 1949- "You read books, eh?" "You read books, eh?" During the postwar anti-During the postwar anti-

communist campaign hundreds communist campaign hundreds of elementary and high school of elementary and high school teachers were investigated and teachers were investigated and lost their jobs, sometimes as a lost their jobs, sometimes as a result of being named by result of being named by proliferating "anti-subversive" proliferating "anti-subversive" groups and individuals. Some groups and individuals. Some individuals compiled and individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists, circulated their own blacklists, which were accepted by which were accepted by frightened employers and frightened employers and casting directors who feared casting directors who feared being blacklisted themselves if being blacklisted themselves if they sought facts and fair play. they sought facts and fair play. The motives of some self-The motives of some self-serving or vindictive accusers serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor."a neighbor."



1865 to the PresentMisconceptionsMisconceptions

Name Name LengthLength

Soviets painting the world red with blood



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Too FarToo Far

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Murrow1.jpg



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Senator Joseph McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy and the New Red Scareand the New Red Scare Republican Republican Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy, a senator from , a senator from

Wisconsin, helped stir up Cold War fears by Wisconsin, helped stir up Cold War fears by blaming the spread of communism on the blaming the spread of communism on the presence of traitors within the U.S. government.presence of traitors within the U.S. government.

In late 1953 McCarthy declared that there were In late 1953 McCarthy declared that there were Communists in the U.S. military.Communists in the U.S. military.

McCarthy was ridiculed for having no real proof.McCarthy was ridiculed for having no real proof.




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Senator Joseph McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy and the New Red Scareand the New Red Scare U.S. senators decided to hold the U.S. senators decided to hold the Army-Army-

McCarthy hearingsMcCarthy hearings – a series of televised – a series of televised hearings to investigate his charges.hearings to investigate his charges.

The hearings show that McCarthy was a bully The hearings show that McCarthy was a bully and in 1954 the Senate decided to condemn and in 1954 the Senate decided to condemn McCarthy.McCarthy.


(continued)



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McCarthyism and the Second McCarthyism and the Second Red ScareRed Scare

American Cold War Culture and American Cold War Culture and LawLaw



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Entertainment IndustryEntertainment Industry Hollywood TenHollywood Ten

-Even W. Disney had to appear before HUAC.

-The ten men were convicted of contempt. Their appeals of course were denied, all served prison terms of up to one year.



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World viewWorld view Political chill in Political chill in

AmericaAmerica Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy



1865 to the PresentSenator Joseph McCarthySenator Joseph McCarthy Wisconsin Republican facing defeat Wisconsin Republican facing defeat

in election of 1950in election of 1950 Turns to a platform of anti-Turns to a platform of anti-

CommunismCommunism



1865 to the PresentThe ListThe List ““I have here a list of 205 names I have here a list of 205 names

that were made known to the that were made known to the Secretary of State as being Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the working and shaping policy in the State Department.State Department.””



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Definition of McCarthyismDefinition of McCarthyism The fear, suspicion, and The fear, suspicion, and

scapegoating that surrounded scapegoating that surrounded McCarthy, his accusations and the McCarthy, his accusations and the general curtailment of civil rights general curtailment of civil rights during the Cold War era. It was a during the Cold War era. It was a witch-hunt style campaign to silence witch-hunt style campaign to silence critics of the Cold War.critics of the Cold War.



1865 to the PresentHouse UnAmerican Activities House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC)Committee (HUAC) Subcommittee of the House of Subcommittee of the House of

RepresentativesRepresentatives Purpose: To root out Purpose: To root out ““subversionsubversion”” of of

the American systemthe American system The Question:The Question: ““Are you now or Are you now or have you ever been a member of have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?the Communist Party?””



1865 to the PresentThe McCarran ActThe McCarran Act Formal name: The Internal Security Formal name: The Internal Security

ActAct Requires communist organizations to Requires communist organizations to

register with the Subversive register with the Subversive Activities Control BoardActivities Control Board

Authorizes the arrest of suspect Authorizes the arrest of suspect persons during national emergencypersons during national emergency

Six concentration camps Six concentration camps built for this purposebuilt for this purpose



1865 to the PresentThe Immigration and Nationality ActThe Immigration and Nationality Act Another McCarran-authored lawAnother McCarran-authored law Barred people who were deemed either Barred people who were deemed either

““subversivesubversive”” or or ““homosexualhomosexual”” from from becoming citizens or even visiting the U.S.becoming citizens or even visiting the U.S.

Power to deport immigrants who were Power to deport immigrants who were members of the Communist Party, even if members of the Communist Party, even if they were citizensthey were citizens

In effect until 1973In effect until 1973



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Examples of McCarthyismExamples of McCarthyism In NYC, citizens must take loyalty oath to In NYC, citizens must take loyalty oath to

receive a fishing licensereceive a fishing license FDRFDR’’s New Deal is re-evaluated as s New Deal is re-evaluated as ““a socialist a socialist

conspiracyconspiracy”” and and ““20 years of treason20 years of treason”” Jonas Salk invents vaccine for Polio; a Jonas Salk invents vaccine for Polio; a

congressman suggests that it be distributed congressman suggests that it be distributed to all school-age children for free. to all school-age children for free. EisenhowerEisenhower’’s Secretary of Health rejects the s Secretary of Health rejects the idea as an attempt to idea as an attempt to ““socialize medicine socialize medicine through the backdoor.through the backdoor.””



1865 to the Present

President Truman President Truman Expands the federal bureaucracy.Expands the federal bureaucracy. National Security Act of 1947National Security Act of 1947

NSCNSC DoDDoD CIACIA



1865 to the Present

President Truman President Truman Expands fed govt size and powerExpands fed govt size and powerExecutive Order 9835Executive Order 9835

Barred members of the Communist Barred members of the Communist Party from federal employment. Party from federal employment. Fascists tooFascists tooStates started to do this tooStates started to do this tooLoyalty oathsLoyalty oaths



1865 to the PresentSuccessSuccess Alger HissAlger Hiss Julius RosenbergJulius Rosenberg



1865 to the PresentFailureFailureEthel RosenbergEthel RosenbergAyn RandAyn Rand

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rosenbergs.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ayn_Rand1.jpg

the cold war (1945-1955)

Documents