The Class ProjectThe Class Project

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

InstructionsInstructions Please research your assigned person of the Please research your assigned person of the

Enlightenment Period Enlightenment Period Summarize your findings in this powerpoint, re-Summarize your findings in this powerpoint, re-

save it and email it to me save it and email it to me aripley@staff.ednet.ns.caaripley@staff.ednet.ns.ca You will need an image of the person and You will need an image of the person and

summarize your findings to no more than 5 bullets!summarize your findings to no more than 5 bullets! You will need to expand your information in the You will need to expand your information in the

notes section (bottom where it reads: Click to add notes section (bottom where it reads: Click to add notes) so that you would be able to expand on your notes) so that you would be able to expand on your bullets from your condensed research notes (what bullets from your condensed research notes (what did their ideas change? What were their important did their ideas change? What were their important ideas?)ideas?)

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Spread of the Enlightenment

Effects of the Enlightenment

Implications are revolutionary. Why?– Proposed the belief that men ought to be ruled

by laws, not rulers.– The philosophes argued that social progress

and political freedom were restrained by the state and the church and did not reflect man’s natural goodness.

– Belief in progress and man’s ability to solve problems.

– Intellectual justification for U. S., French, and Mexican Revolutions

Disbelieving in the Disbelieving in the existence of godsexistence of gods

May be a deliberate May be a deliberate choicechoice

A person may be taught A person may be taught to be an atheist from a to be an atheist from a child child

May be a Weak Atheist May be a Weak Atheist or Strong Atheist or Strong Atheist

Atheism is a topic for Atheism is a topic for disagreement and many disagreement and many debatesdebates

The only difference The only difference between an atheist and between an atheist and religious people is their religious people is their views of Godviews of God

John Locke 1632-1704 John Locke 1632-1704 He was a British philosopher He was a British philosopher He was an academic and medical He was an academic and medical

researcher at Oxford University researcher at Oxford University He became a government officialHe became a government official He believed that people should think for He believed that people should think for

themselves and not just accept the themselves and not just accept the authority of others.authority of others.

He explored the limits of human He explored the limits of human understanding and wrote about knowledge understanding and wrote about knowledge and how do we know what we know.and how do we know what we know.

Denis DiderotDenis DiderotoOctober 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784oFrenchFrenchoPhilosopher & WriterPhilosopher & WriteroAtheistAtheistoDisowned by FamilyDisowned by FamilyoCompiled L’EncyclopediaCompiled L’EncyclopediaoServed time in PrisonServed time in Prison

VoltaireVoltaire

Was exiled in 1726Was exiled in 1726 Originally a Originally a

FrenchmanFrenchman Educated at “Louis-Educated at “Louis-

le-Grand”le-Grand” He was imprisoned He was imprisoned

in 1717 for 11 in 1717 for 11 monthsmonths

He was exiled in He was exiled in again in 1734again in 1734

Voltaire‘ Faith consists in believing

when it is beyond the power of reason to believe.

‘~Voltaire

Voltaire or Francois-Marie Arouet was a well-known writer during the Enlightenment period. Voltaire wrote poems, essays, plays, and novels about freedom of religion and free trade. He strongly believed in the social reform despite the censorship laws and penalties to those who went against it. The social reform was a purifying reform movement created to inspire Christians to remake the Roman Society from the inside of the Catholic Church. Voltaire used his literature to express criticism toward the Catholic Church and the French institutions of his time period.

‘Faith consists in believing when it is beyond the power of reason to believe.`~Voltaire

“Injustice in the end produces independence.’~Voltaire

‘

‘It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.’~Voltaire

• Born on June 28, 1712 in Geneva Switzerland (IB Land)

• Age sixteen ran away from home because he was desperately unhappy.

• In 1750 he wrote an award winning essay "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences”.

• His most famous book, “The Social Contract”, was the illusion that all men were equal and material possessions did not matter.

•He believed in natural thought compared to politically correct thinking.

Adam SmithAdam SmithPhilosopher, 1723 - 1790Philosopher, 1723 - 1790

Was born in Scotland, the date of Was born in Scotland, the date of birth was unsure, though he was birth was unsure, though he was baptized on June 5 1723.baptized on June 5 1723.

His big claim to fame was the book His big claim to fame was the book he wrote titled “The Wealth of he wrote titled “The Wealth of Nations”. Written in 1776.Nations”. Written in 1776.

In 1751 Adam smith became In 1751 Adam smith became professor of Logic at Glasgow professor of Logic at Glasgow University, though the next year he University, though the next year he transferred to the chair of moral transferred to the chair of moral philosophy.philosophy.

after a successful 7 years he moved after a successful 7 years he moved to London in 1776 and published his to London in 1776 and published his greatest book.greatest book.

His book brought economics to the His book brought economics to the light and included: economic freedom, light and included: economic freedom, the role of self-interest, the division of the role of self-interest, the division of labor and the function of markets.labor and the function of markets.

His book even apparently launched His book even apparently launched the economic doctrine of free the economic doctrine of free enterprise.enterprise.

Frederick The GreatFrederick The Great

Born January 24, 1712 in Born January 24, 1712 in BerlinBerlinKing of Prussia from 1740 - King of Prussia from 1740 - 178617861733, married Elisabeth 1733, married Elisabeth ChristineChristineMilitary Strength Military Strength Radical LeaderRadical LeaderEnjoyed the Arts and SciencesEnjoyed the Arts and SciencesEncouraged Religious Encouraged Religious FreedomFreedomImproved the GovernmentImproved the GovernmentDoubled Prussia’s populationDoubled Prussia’s population

What he was supposed to have looked like

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa

(1717 - 1780) (1717 - 1780) Maria Theresa was the archduchess of Maria Theresa was the archduchess of

Austria from 1740 – 1780Austria from 1740 – 1780

She was eager to promote the She was eager to promote the prosperity of her peopleprosperity of her people

She was responsible for improvements She was responsible for improvements in trade, education, reduction of tax in trade, education, reduction of tax burdens on the poor and more burdens on the poor and more religious tolerationreligious toleration

Her reforms were limited for fear of Her reforms were limited for fear of arousing oppositionarousing opposition

Her son Joseph the II followed her Her son Joseph the II followed her reign and introduced even more reign and introduced even more change - the Habsburg Reformschange - the Habsburg Reforms

By Adam Mertens And Nik Kielburger

Baron de MontesquieuBaron de MontesquieuBorn Charles-Louis de Secondant Born Charles-Louis de Secondant

in France, 1689in France, 1689

He had a classical He had a classical educationeducation

Became a controversial and Became a controversial and influential writer, a social influential writer, a social

commentator and political thinkercommentator and political thinker

His writing covered His writing covered scientific topics, history and scientific topics, history and

politicspolitics

Died in 1755Died in 1755

Catherine the Great Catherine the Great

April 21, 1729- November 17, 1796April 21, 1729- November 17, 1796 Empress of Russia (June 28, 1762 - Empress of Russia (June 28, 1762 -

November 17, 1796)November 17, 1796) Originally Enlightenment Originally Enlightenment

PromoterPromoter Charter to NobilityCharter to Nobility Surfs revoltedSurfs revolted

JosephJoseph Priestley Priestley (1733-1804)(1733-1804) Discovered oxygenDiscovered oxygen

First to observe First to observe photosynthesis 1772photosynthesis 1772

Became a minister Became a minister 1780-17911780-1791

Published a book Published a book titled titled The History The History and Present State of and Present State of ElectricityElectricity

Very big in preaching Very big in preaching and writing religionand writing religion

Joseph Priestley 1733-Joseph Priestley 1733-18011801

Priestley was an Priestley was an important part of important part of the enlightenment the enlightenment period. He was a period. He was a chemist and chemist and discovered oxygen discovered oxygen which what he is which what he is well known for.well known for.