GovernmentGovernment

A Brief OverviewA Brief Overview

1. 1. Influences on American Influences on American Democracy: AGE OF Democracy: AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment philosophers Enlightenment philosophers

-- rational, -- rational, humanistichumanistic and skeptical of and skeptical of

conventional authority conventional authority

-- reflected on the spirit of scientific and -- reflected on the spirit of scientific and technological discovery of the 1500 and 1600stechnological discovery of the 1500 and 1600s

-- -- observedobserved the world around them the world around them

-- emphasized the power of _________________-- emphasized the power of _________________

Age of EnlightenmentAge of Enlightenment State of nature--State of nature--no higher authority to check no higher authority to check

mankind’s natural libertymankind’s natural liberty

No government people would live in constant No government people would live in constant fear and warfare with each otherfear and warfare with each other

Social Contract Social Contract is voluntarily agreed upon by is voluntarily agreed upon by people to give up some of their freedom and people to give up some of their freedom and power to a single ruler, who in turn protects the power to a single ruler, who in turn protects the safety and well-being of allsafety and well-being of all

John Locke John Locke believed that the government was to believed that the government was to protect the rights of life, liberty and property, protect the rights of life, liberty and property, the right to enjoy the fruits of their labors--Power the right to enjoy the fruits of their labors--Power came from the peoplecame from the people

Age of Enlightenment in United Age of Enlightenment in United StatesStates

If the government If the government betrayed the betrayed the social social contract contract and oppressed and oppressed its citizens, it was no its citizens, it was no longer a legitimate longer a legitimate authorityauthority

Enlightenment in the United Enlightenment in the United StatesStates

People had the right to People had the right to overthrow a tyranny overthrow a tyranny (absolute and unjust (absolute and unjust government) that government) that violated their natural violated their natural rightsrights

Enlightenment in the United Enlightenment in the United StatesStates

The new government that The new government that formed in the United States formed in the United States was in many ways a grand was in many ways a grand experiment experiment in which the in which the political and philosophical political and philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment ideas of the Enlightenment were put into actionwere put into action

2. MAGNA CARTA2. MAGNA CARTA 1215 Magna Carta 1215 Magna Carta King of England forced to King of England forced to

sign this document that limited his power. sign this document that limited his power.

Resulted from Resulted from noblesnobles wanting more rights wanting more rights

The King had to consult with the barons before The King had to consult with the barons before raising taxes.raising taxes.

King acknowledged that the nobles had certain King acknowledged that the nobles had certain rights--trial by jury, and king could not take rights--trial by jury, and king could not take their life without just cause.their life without just cause.

Magna Carta set Magna Carta set limited governmentlimited government

3. ENGLISH POLITICAL 3. ENGLISH POLITICAL TRADITIONTRADITION

England: England: debating the issues of balance between debating the issues of balance between

order and freedomorder and freedom ensure that justice is fair with popular ensure that justice is fair with popular

participation and nature of sovereigntyparticipation and nature of sovereignty

The 13 colonies that fought were settled The 13 colonies that fought were settled and governed by people from Englandand governed by people from England

4. DISTANCE FROM HOME 4. DISTANCE FROM HOME COUNTRY: Colonies in COUNTRY: Colonies in

AmericaAmerica Far from the monarchyFar from the monarchy Colonists had considerable _control_ Colonists had considerable _control_

governmentgovernment Some colonies, structure of government Some colonies, structure of government

was established back in England by was established back in England by those who paid for the colony, others those who paid for the colony, others the settlers decided.the settlers decided.

Pilgrims --Pilgrims --Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact, a social , a social contract.contract.

Each colony had to sign an agreement Each colony had to sign an agreement with the English government outlining with the English government outlining its basic rules, called its basic rules, called _Charters_Charters..

Six Foundations of American Six Foundations of American DemocracyDemocracy

People must People must accept the principle of accept the principle of majority rulemajority rule

Political rights of minorities Political rights of minorities must be must be protectedprotected

Citizens must Citizens must agree to a system of rule of agree to a system of rule of lawlaw

Six Foundations of American Six Foundations of American DemocracyDemocracy

Free exchange of _opinions and ideas Free exchange of _opinions and ideas must not be restrictedmust not be restricted

All citizens must be equal before the All citizens must be equal before the lawlaw

Government exists to serve the Government exists to serve the peoplepeople, because it gets its power from , because it gets its power from the peoplethe people

WHAT ABOUT THE REST OF WHAT ABOUT THE REST OF THE WORLD??THE WORLD??

Today’s Political MapToday’s Political Map

Government TermsGovernment Terms

__Autocracy_: rule of the one__Autocracy_: rule of the one

__Oligarchy _: rule of the few__Oligarchy _: rule of the few

__Democracy__: rule of the many__Democracy__: rule of the many

__Anarchy____: no government__Anarchy____: no government

Monarchy: 2 TypesMonarchy: 2 Types MonarchyMonarchy: Absolute Monarchy: : Absolute Monarchy:

hereditary, tradition outweighs desire hereditary, tradition outweighs desire among citizens. Tonga, Saudi Arabia, among citizens. Tonga, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, QatarBrunei, Oman, Qatar

Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

Most ceremonial: Norway, Bahamas, Australia, Denmark

DemocracyDemocracy _Democracy_Democracy: Direct, Presidential, : Direct, Presidential,

Parliamentary, Parliamentary, Multi-party/Presidential, Presidential Multi-party/Presidential, Presidential Regimes and Non-Party: predominant Regimes and Non-Party: predominant system of rule in the world for the past system of rule in the world for the past 50 years. Roots in Greece and Rome. 50 years. Roots in Greece and Rome.

DemocracyDemocracy

According to the United Nations, the According to the United Nations, the rights and freedoms of citizens are rights and freedoms of citizens are limited in more than half of the worldlimited in more than half of the world

The The practicepractice of democracy, even of democracy, even though it is claimed by the majority though it is claimed by the majority of nations, varies greatly around the of nations, varies greatly around the worldworld

Roots of DemocracyRoots of Democracy

_Direct Democracy___Direct Democracy__is the most basic formis the most basic form Citizens participate directly in the decision-Citizens participate directly in the decision-

making process by voting on laws and policiesmaking process by voting on laws and policies This works best in small, geographically This works best in small, geographically

compact communities, where citizens gather compact communities, where citizens gather in one areain one area

Common in the city-states of ancient GreeceCommon in the city-states of ancient Greece _Switzerland____ _Switzerland____ is the strongest example of a is the strongest example of a

direct democracydirect democracy Town Meetings in New EnglandTown Meetings in New England About half of the states in the United States About half of the states in the United States

allow for ballots that have new ideasallow for ballots that have new ideas

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy Closest to Direct Democracy today is Closest to Direct Democracy today is

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Parliamentary GovernmentParliamentary Government

English modelEnglish model

Chief Executive is the Chief Executive is the _prime minister or _prime minister or PremierPremier chosen by the legislature chosen by the legislature

Prime Minister responsible to the Prime Minister responsible to the _legislature___legislature__

Prime Ministers or Premiers do not have a Prime Ministers or Premiers do not have a _fixed___ term of office because they are _fixed___ term of office because they are not elected not elected

Presidential and Parliamentary Presidential and Parliamentary DemocracyDemocracy

_Legislature__Legislature_ is elected and a_Chief is elected and a_Chief ExecutiveExecutive

_Chief Executive is in charge of executing or _Chief Executive is in charge of executing or putting the law into use that has been putting the law into use that has been passed by the legislaturepassed by the legislature

Chief Executive in the United States is the Chief Executive in the United States is the __President_, chosen independently of the __President_, chosen independently of the legislature (presidential government)legislature (presidential government)

Presidential DemocracyPresidential Democracy

Presidential democracyPresidential democracy there are there are representatives, but a separate_ representatives, but a separate_ election held by popular vote to election held by popular vote to select a president. U. S select a president. U. S (_First (_First Constitutional Republic_),Constitutional Republic_), Russian Russian Federation, Mexico, South KoreaFederation, Mexico, South Korea

Parliamentary DemocracyParliamentary Democracy

a) a) __Parliamentary __Parliamentary Democracy_Democracy_relies upon the election relies upon the election of representatives from each voting of representatives from each voting region to form a governing bodyregion to form a governing body

Party which holds the _majority_is in Party which holds the _majority_is in control and its leader becomes the control and its leader becomes the prime minister. India, Germany, prime minister. India, Germany, Japan, Great Britain, Norway, IraqJapan, Great Britain, Norway, Iraq

Multi-Party DemocracyMulti-Party Democracy

b) b) __Multi Party_________Multi Party_______: France, : France, Taiwan, IndonesiaTaiwan, Indonesia

Presidential Regime DemocracyPresidential Regime Democracy

d) d) Presidential RegimePresidential Regime: Stronger : Stronger Executive: Angola, ZimbabweExecutive: Angola, Zimbabwe

Non-Party DemocracyNon-Party Democracy

e) e) Non-Party:Non-Party: No political parties : No political parties : Uganda, MicronesiaUganda, Micronesia

Military RuleMilitary Rule

Military RuleMilitary Rule: usually a result of a : usually a result of a national emergency such as a coup, national emergency such as a coup, civil war or riot, where control of the civil war or riot, where control of the country was assumed by the armed country was assumed by the armed forces, usually not long lasting. forces, usually not long lasting. SudanSudan

Single PartySingle Party

Single Party: Single Party: Dictatorship, Dictatorship, Communism, many are completely Communism, many are completely secular. China, Vietnam, Syria, secular. China, Vietnam, Syria, Cuba, LibyaCuba, Libya

TheocracyTheocracy

_Theocracy _Theocracy government in the government in the name of religion. Iran, Vatican Cityname of religion. Iran, Vatican City

Countries in TransitionCountries in Transition

_Transitional Rule__Transitional Rule_: Afghanistan, : Afghanistan, Somalia, Liberia, Bahrain, EgyptSomalia, Liberia, Bahrain, Egypt

It is estimated that there are 1,600 It is estimated that there are 1,600 to 2,000 stateless nations today such to 2,000 stateless nations today such as Palestine, Chechens, Catalans, as Palestine, Chechens, Catalans, Scots, etc.Scots, etc.

GovernmentGovernment

Governments around the world are Governments around the world are always in transitionalways in transition

Influenced by economics, geography, Influenced by economics, geography, political stability and outside interestspolitical stability and outside interests

Government stability dependent on Government stability dependent on welfare of the population and securitywelfare of the population and security

Countries with transitional governments Countries with transitional governments are unstable are unstable

Libya will soon be in this categoryLibya will soon be in this category