The Civil War Lesson 2 Violence Escalates Learning Objectives Assess how the Kansas-Nebraska Act was seen differently by the North and South. Explain why fighting broke out in Kansas and the effects of that conflict. Analyze how deepening sectional distrust affected the nations politics. Compare the positions of Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issue of slavery. Explain the effect of John Browns raid on the slavery debate. The Civil War Lesson 2 Violence Escalates Key Terms Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown Bleeding Kansas nativists Know-Nothings Republican Party Dred Scott Roger B. Taney Abraham Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas Harpers Ferry The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas Although Congress meant well, its repeated attempts to resolve the question of slavery resulted in a jumble of contradictory, and often unenforceable, policies. The Missouri Compromise, the Wilmot Proviso, the Compromise of 1850 each seemed to offer the solution. But, in reality, the issue lay beyond the ability of patchwork legislation to resolve. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas Stephen Douglas in 1854 promotes popular sovereignty in Nebraska Added Kansas and Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas should come in a slave state not set in stone Proslavery settlers organized in Lecompton, Kansas and petitioned to join as a slave state Anti-slavery settlers organized in Topeka and petitioned to join as a free state A mini civil war started Border Ruffians attacked antislavery town of Lawrence Killed two, burned hotel, and destroyed two printing presses killed three more later John Brown retaliated by executing 5 proslavery men at Pottawatomie Creek. Bleeding Kansas is the name of the mini-civil war in Kansas before and during the Civil War. In 1856, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech attacking Slavery and personally attacking Senator Andrew Butler from SC. Butlers nephew, a Representative from SC beat Sumner almost to death in the Capital Lobby with a cane. Expelled from Congress but re-elected so was Sumner. Violence replacing democracy The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas Analyze Maps Which region of Kansas experienced the most conflicts? What explains that pattern? Regional Tension Affects National Politics Americans had always lived with sectional differences, but they temporarily resolved those differences through negotiation and compromise. By the mid-1850s, however, the battle over slavery threatened to tear the nation apart. Regional Tension Affects National Politics Politics became more regional not mixed Whigs fracturing under slavery nominate General Winfield Scott to run loose The Know-Nothings a nativist party that was anti-Catholic and anti- immigrant Nativist white protestants Catholics now the biggest religion in US because of Irish, Mexican and German immigrants Take jobs from workers Follow the Pope not democracy Secret Became the American Party could not decide on Slavery so fizzled out. Republican Party started in Wisconsin anti-slavery party moral crusaders and business people only 3 rd party to take over a dominant one Regional Tension Affects National Politics Analyze InformationWhich party was strongest during the 1850s? Justify your answer with details from the infographic. Regional Tension Affects National Politics A Know-Nothing party ribbon used in the campaign of 1844 Analyze Primary Sources According to the Know-Nothings, who were the native Americans? Sectional Divisions Split the Country For many years, the North and South tried to ignore or patch over their differences. But by the mid-1850s, the dispute over slavery caused sectional differences to intensify. Sectional Divisions Split the Country The Election of 1856 Republicans nominate John C. Fremont of California fame. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men, Fremont! Democrats nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania and his VP John Breckinridge from SC. Said he would end the agitation of the slavery issue Won Dred Scott slave who sued for his freedom as his owner brought him to free territories for 4 years it is illegal there. In March of 1857, Supreme Court (mostly Slave owners) and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, said slaves are property and property cannot sue. Enflamed the North Fueled the Civil War Sectional Divisions Split the Country Analyze Maps How closely did the election results of 1856 follow sectional lines? Sectional Divisions Split the Country Dred Scotts attempt to claim freedom via the courts ended in a decision denying African Americans the basic guarantee of citizenship. Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery Throughout the 1850s, American attention was riveted on westward expansion. But no discussion of expansion, or any aspect of the nations future, could get beyond the issue of slavery. In 1858, Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln held a series of seven debates while competing for a seat in the U.S. Senate. Thousands of Americans attended the Lincoln- Douglas debates and listened raptly as the two candidates presented opposing views of slavery and its role in America. Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery 1858, Stephen Douglas runs for re-election of the Senate paving way for his Presidency in A know name lawyer name Abraham Lincoln runs against him a new Republican Has no chance so he challenges Douglas to 30 debates on slavery (gasp!) Douglas says yes to 7 (one in Freeport) Whole nation watches Honest Abe and the Little Giant Douglas looked on as insincere and selfish He promote popular sovereignty Lincoln attacked slavery as wrong. Quotes In text A house divided against itself cannot stand Lincoln loses but becomes very popular Might set him up to run for President in 1860 as well. Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery Abraham Lincoln photographed during his senatorial campaign in 1858 Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery Analyze Charts On which issues were Douglas and Lincoln most in agreement? On which did they most disagree? The Raid on Harpers Ferry Both Lincoln and Douglas believed that the slavery crisis had to be resolved within the framework of the nations laws. Abolitionist John Brown felt no such constraints. Brown viewed himself as an angel of God, avenging the evil of slavery. Even before one of his sons was killed in Bleeding Kansas, he had concluded that violence was the best way to reach his goal. By late 1857, Brown had begun planning his attack. For many months, he crisscrossed New England, the Midwest, and Canada, soliciting recruits and funds to mount an armed assault on slavery. The Raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown wants to start an organized rebellion on slavery. Tubman too sick to be there, Douglas said no. Chooses Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Railroad hub, near Pennsylvania. Uprising failed not enough people supported him Put down by Colonel Robert E. Lee. Executed for Treason Portrayed as crazy and fanatical doing Gods bidding. Barns of the all the jurors were burned down The Legacy of John Brown This Question is still to be settled Racial idealism, equalitarianism, or anti-racism John Brown he is sane, from insane, little better today. Fanatical they stalk, not walk (Wild idea to bold idea) Why crazy? His idealism has been replaced by why would a white stick his neck out for a black? Civil Right workers? Civil War soldiers? John Browns Body popular Civil War song He believed in God? So did Nat Turner but he is a hero? Brown went to Kansas to support 5 sons who were being attacked by pro- slavery ruffians At Osawatomie, Kansas (before the Massacre) he helped 35 free-soil men defend themselves from 200 pro-slavery men not mentioned The Legacy of John Brown Had I so interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, it would have been alright Did not protest his execution, died for his beliefs. Thoreau, It seems as if no man had ever died in America before, for in order to die you must first have lived. These men (Jesus), in teaching us how to die, have at the same time taught us how to live Northern Cities church bells rang on the day of his execution South was appalled, vowed to secede if they lost next election The Legacy of John Brown The Crimes of this guilty nation shall only be purged but with blood Compared to Spartacus God never told him to do anything, thought slavery and Christianity are incompatible Is he deeply religious and a gifted preacher or is he a religious fanatic? Domestic Terrorist? Or text calls him, intense fanatical white man The Raid on Harpers Ferry This illustration shows a federal militia attacking John Brown and his raid party at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Quiz: The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas' Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act end in bloodshed? A. Pro- and antislavery forces each sent settlers to compete for control. B. Proslavery Kansas chose to secede from the Union. C. Residents fought to keep the Nebraska Territory unified. D. Voters protested the popular sovereignty provisions. Quiz: Regional Tension Affects National Politics Which political party represented a convergence of antislavery forces? A. American Party B. Know-Nothing Party C. Republican Party D. Whig Party Quiz: Sectional Divisions Split the Country In the Dred Scott case, the U.S. Supreme Court A. declared that slaves must leave the country to gain freedom. B. made Illinois and Missouri slave states. C. stated that Congress could not ban slavery in territories. D. upheld the Missouri Compromise. Quiz: Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery What position did Abraham Lincoln take on slavery and popular sovereignty? A. against slavery and popular sovereignty B. against slavery but for popular sovereignty C. for slavery but against popular sovereignty D. for slavery and popular sovereignty Quiz: The Raid on Harpers Ferry Why did John Brown lead a raid on Harpers Ferry? A. to destroy the arsenals of the South B. to free enslaved people in the town C. to launch a rebellion against slavery D. to overthrow the government