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Chapter 2 - The

Changing Global

Environment and Pre-Historic Man

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Climate

• Connects thepeople of the earthtogether in a global

economy, providingopportunity to some,hardship to others,and challenges to

all as we struggle tofeed the world

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Anthropogenic

Human caused

change to a

natural system.Car exhaust,

emissions from

factories

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Bioregion

Assemblage oflocal plants andanimals covering a

large area such asa tropical forest orgrassland

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Population Growth

• If the humanpopulation continuesto grow at expected

rates, food productionmust be doubled by2025 to provide eachperson with a basic

subsistence diet

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Climate Region

A region

of similarclimatic

conditions

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Climograph

Graphs ofaverage highand low

temperaturesandprecipitation

for an entireyear

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Desertification

Spread of

desert like

conditions

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Global Warming

Human activitiesconnected witheconomic

development andindustrializationseem to bechanging the

world’s climate,especially raising itsaveragetemperature

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Greenhouse Effect

Natural process oflower atmosphereheating that results

from the trapping ofincoming andreradiated solarenergy by water

moisture, clouds andother atmosphericgases

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Green Revolution

The development ofagricultural techniquesused in developing

countries that usuallycombine new, geneticallyaltered seeds that providehigher yields than nativeseeds when combined

with high inputs ofchemical fertilizer,irrigation, and pesticides.

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Summary of ChangingEnvironment

A. Some environmentalchange occurs because ofnatural forces

B. Additional change is

caused by humans

C.Global environmentalscience is a new area ofstudy

D. Globalization bothhelps and hinders worldenvironmental problems

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Prairie

Grassland

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Steppes

Shorter,lessdense

semiaridgrassland

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Global Interdependence

• Dependenceof nations on

one anotherfor

resources

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Industrialization

• The phase of a country's economic developmentin which industry grows faster than agricultureand gradually comes to play the leading role inthe economy.

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Nuclear Family

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Extended Family

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Race-A biological concept

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Race and Species

• Every race

belongs to the

same speciescalled Homo

Sapiens

Sapiens

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Dating Artifacts

• Radio carbon

• Potassium-

Argon• Dendrochronol

ogy-Tree ringdating

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Lucy

• Female hominiddiscovered byDonald C.

Johanson in 1974in Afar Triangleregion of Ethiopia

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Homo Habilis

• First tool makers

discovered by

Louis B. Leakeyand Mary Leakey

• Means skillful

one

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Neanderthal

• Discovered in theNeander Valley, Germany

• 5’5” tall

• Fire to dry and hardenwood

• Animal skins for clothingand shelters

• Light- fatty bones in stonelamps

• Buried dead

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Cro-Magnon

• Southern France

• 6’ tall

• Spear thrower,bow and arrow

• Fishhooks andharpoons made ofbone

• Needles of bone

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Agricultural Revolution

• The firsteconomic

revolution inhuman

history

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Domesticated Animals

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3 Developments as a result of

Agriculture

Private Property

Village

Longer Lifespan

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Civilization

• Food producing base

• Centralization ofreligious and political

power• Large buildings

• Development of

writing and the writtenword

Ziggurat

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River Valley Civilizations

• Mesopotamia-

Tigris and

Euphrates rivers• Indus-Harappans

• Nile-Egyptians

• Huang He-Chinese

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Economy’s Three Main Resources

Labor

Land

Capital