the catholic church undergoes reform and launches crusades against muslims
TRANSCRIPT
The Catholic Church undergoes reform and launches Crusades against Muslims
Church Reform and the Crusades
Spiritual RevivalStarting in 900s, monasteries help bring about
a spiritual revivalReformers help restore and expand Church
power
The Age of Faith
The Age of Faith (continued…)Problems in the Church
Some church officials marry even though the Church objects
Some officials practice simony – selling religious offices
Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops
Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops
The Age of FaithReform and Church
OrganizationStarting in the 1100s,
popes reorganize the Church like a kingdom
Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel throughout Europe
Church collects tithes; use money to care for sick, poor
The Age of FaithNew Religious
OrdersDominican and
Franciscan orders form
Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor
Some new orders for women are founded
Cathedrals – Cities of GodEarly Cathedrals
Between 800-1100, churches are built in the Romanesque style
Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches
Cathedrals – Cities of GodA new Style of Church
ArchitectureGothic style evolves
around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths
Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches
Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures
About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270
The Beginning of the CrusadesIn 1093, the Byzantine emperor asks for help
fighting the TurksPope Urban II issues a call for a Crusade – a
“holy war”
The Crusades
The Crusades
Goals of the CrusadesPope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite
ChristianityKings use the Crusades to send away knights
who cause troubleYounger sons hope to earn land or win glory by
fightingLater, merchants join Crusades to try to gain
wealth through trade
The Crusades
The First and Second CrusadesPope promises Crusaders who die a place in
heavenFirst Crusade
Three armies gather in Constantinople in 1097Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099Captured lands along the coast divided into four
Crusader statesMuslims take back Edessa in 1144; Second
Crusade fails to retake itIn 1187 Saladin – Muslim leader and Kurdish
warrior – retakes Jerusalem
The Crusades
The Third CrusadeThird Crusade led by three powerful kingsOne is Richard the Lion-Hearted – King of
EnglandMother was Eleanor of Aquitaine, wealthiest women in
Europe and former queen of both England and France….
Phillip II of France abandons Crusade after arguing with Richard
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, drowns during the journey
In 1192 Richard and Saladin make peace after many battles
Saladin keeps Jerusalem but allows Christian pilgrims to enter the city
The Crusades
The Crusading Spirit DwindlesLater Crusades
Fourth Crusade: Crusaders loot Constantinople in 1204
Two other Crusades strike Egypt, but fail to weaken Muslims
The Children’s CrusadeIn 1212 thousands of
children die or are enslaved in failed crusade
The Crusading Spirit DwindlesA Spanish Crusade
Most of Spain controlled by Moors, Muslim people
Christians fight Reconquista – drive Muslims from Spain, 1100 to 1492
Spain has Inquisition – court to suppress heresy; expels non-Christians
The Crusades Change LifeCrusades show power of the Church in
convincing thousands to fightWomen who stay home manage the estate and
business affairsMerchants expand trade, bring back many
goods from Southwest AsiaFailure of later crusades weaken popes and
nobles, strengthen kingsCrusades create lasting bitterness between
Christians and Muslims
The Effects of the Crusades