the cardiovascular system chapter 8. where is the heart located? centrally in the chest...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Cardiovascular System
CHAPTER 8
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Where is the heart located?
• Centrally in the chest
– Surrounded by lungs, protected by ribs
– Between 3rd-7th ribs in ________ animals and 2nd-6th ribs in _________ animals
– Lies in the _____________ (interpleural space), which is the space between the pleural covering of the right and left lungs.
• Trachea, esophagus, and other vascular structures are also found here
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Orientation of the heart
• Bottom of the heart is shifted to the left of the chest
• ________ - the bottom of the heart where the left ventricle comes to a point
• ________ - the top of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit
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Composition of the Heart Wall
Outer layer of the heart is called the _________________.
-The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium.
•FIBROUS pericardium– loosely attaches to the diaphragm.
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• The SEROUS pericardium consists of two layers:
*The __________ pericardial layer is adhered to the fibrous pericardium.
*The __________ pericardial layer lies on the surface of the heart and is also known as the epicardium.
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Between the two layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial space.
This is a fluid filled cavity that ________________ the two layers which allows the heart to smoothly expand and contract.
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• Beneath the epicardium is the ______cardium, the thickest layer of the heart tissue.
• The inner surface of the heart that lines its chambers is the ______cardium.
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External anatomy of the heart: Chambers
• Auricles- (left and right) ear-shaped chambers located at the base. They are identified by knowing which ventricle they lie above.
• ________ ventricle - long and narrow, thick-walled, makes up the apex of heart
• ________ ventricle - broader surface area, thinner walls
• The borders of the ventricles contain interventricular sulci, which are grooves of fat and blood vessels that are part of ____________ circulation of heart.
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Vessels and chambers that contain DEOXYGENATED
blood
•The _______ _________ (cranial and caudal) empty deoxygenated blood into the RIGHT ATRIUM
•The Pulmonary _________ (left and right) emerge from the RIGHT VENTRICLE as the pulmonary trunk
– Quickly divides into right and left
pulmonary arteries traveling to each lung
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Vessels and chambers that contain OXYGENATED
blood
• The Pulmonary _________ (left and right) return oxygenated blood to the LEFT ATRIUM
• The _________ is the largest artery in the body – The walls of the aorta are the
thickest of any blood vessel– The aorta emerges from the LEFT
VENTRICLE and delivers oxygenated blood to the body.
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Internal Structures of the Heart
Atrioventricular Valves:
-Right Atrioventricular Valve (aka Right AV valve/Tricuspid Valve) separates the right
atrium from the right ventricle
-has ___ flaps/leaflets
-Left Atrioventricular Valve (aka Left AV Valve/Mitral Valve/Bicuspid Valve) separates
the left atrium from the left ventricle
-has ___ flaps/leaflets
These valves open and close simultaneously!
The AV valves are attached to _________ __________, which prevent the flaps from bending back into the atria.
_____________ muscles connect the chordae tendinae to the interventricular septum
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The _____________ band is a band of tissue present in the right ventricle.
-not attached to flaps of tricuspid valve-provides additional structural support to the wall of the right
ventricle
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Semilunar valves:
-Aortic valve
-Pulmonary/pulmonic valve
Both valves are made of ____ leaflets. The aortic valve leads to the aorta and the pulmonary/pulmonic valve leads to the
pulmonary trunk.
These valves open and close simultaneously!
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Can you label the chambers and valves?
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