77thth Grade Health Grade HealthSkeletal 2bSkeletal 2b

Bones of the Chest

Ribs-12 Pair The first 7 are true Ribs False Ribs – Cartilage (8th, 9th and 10th) Floating Ribs – not attached to the

sternum (11th and 12th)

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade)

Bones of the Arm and Hand

Humerus(upper arm) Radius (thumb side) Ulna (pinky side) Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (hand) Phalanges (fingers)

Bones of the Leg, Thigh and Foot

Femur (upper leg) Patella (knee cap) Tibia (shin) Fibula (Behind / Side) Tarsals (Ankle) Metatarsals (Foot) Phalanges (toes)

Arches

Longitudinal- from heel to toe (think long)

Transverse- means across – metatarsals meet the phalanges, weight bearing

Foot Problems

corns- hard thick epidermis calluses-thickening of skin, heels bunions-inflammation of the toe

joint

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Hip bones form in the front to form an arch called the Pelvic Girdle. Ilium – broad flat bone Ischium – bone that supports the body

in a seated position Pubis bones – arch toward the front and

join in the midline of the pelvis.

Bones of the Skull

(3 smallest bones found in the ear: hammer, anvil, stirrup)

There are 8 immovable and interlocking cranial bones.

There are 28 total bones in the skull

Bones of the Skull (con’t)

Sutures-bones are joined along zig zag lines called sutures

Fissures-a crack

Bones of the Skull (con’t)

Mandible-only moveable bone in the cranium (jawbone)

Bones of the Skull (con’t)

Hyoid Bone-lies at the base of the tongue for support; teeth are not bones

Bones of the Skull (con’t)

Sinuses-air cavities found in the cranium, function not known; maybe to lighten the weight of the cranium

Spinal Column

32 bones total: 8 of which are fused together

7 Cervical Vertebrae (Neck Area) 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (chest

area, 1st 10 contain sockets for ribs to connect)

5 Lumbar Vertebrae – lower back; largest and heaviest

Sacrum – 5 fused together Coccyx – last 3 fused together(tail

bone)