the canadian association of defence and security ... canadian association of defence and security...

1Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces

UNCLASSIFIED

The Canadian Association of Defence

and Security Industries (CADSI)

CAF Space Projects / Capabilities

Projets et Capabilités Spatiales des FAC

Director Space Requirements

Col Jeff Dooling

DG Space

BGen Michel Lalumiere


UNCLASSIFIED

Imagery © 2010 TerraMetrics

NASA2007 Jose Manuel Gómez Imagery

© 2000 NASA’s Visible Earth


UNCLASSIFIED

Space Force Development

• ISR

– Earth Observation, Surveillance and

Reconnaissance from Space

– Surveillance of Space

• SATCOM

• NAVWAR

• R&D (ADM(S&T) – DRDC)


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Current Capabilities


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RADARSAT 2 (R2)

Overview

Capability/Military Utility

Issues

Provides all weather, day or night, RADAR

imaging for Government of Canada and

commercial applications

•Cost: $530M major crown project

•Phase: Closed Out (Satellite is active)

•IOC: Aug 2011 (launched Dec 2007)

•Design Life: 7 years

• Marine Surveillance: Provides near-real time ship detection to the maritime community

• Change Detection: Ability to detect, monitor changes on the ground. Establish pattern of life etc. 24 day CCD revisit.

• Disaster Management: Near-real time data delivery for mapping and damage monitoring

• Access: CSA is Government of Canada’s POC for product requests

•Life Expectancy: Has design life of 7 yrs (Dec 2014); R1 went 12 yrs past design life


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Polar Epsilon

Overview


Issues

• RADARSAT-2 Ground Segment East & West

• New RADARSAT-2 beam modes

• TERRA & AQUA Ground Segment East & West

• Concept of Operations

• Data Exploitation Tools

•Aim: Support to CF operations, Arctic &

Maritime Domain Awareness

•Description: Global ISR RADARSAT 2

•Original Funding: $64.5 M ($BY)

•Project Phase: Last FOC Apr 2012, Close Out

30 Jun 2013

Arctic Land Surveillance (RADARSAT 2)

Surveillance of Canada’s Arctic Region

Near Real Time Ship Detection (RADARSAT 2)

Surveillance of Canada’s Maritime approaches

Global surveillance (Chief of Defence Intelligence)

Maritime Satellite Surveillance Radar

Design of new RADARSAT 2 beams

Environmental Sensing

Support to CF operations

Surveillance & Reconnaissance

Real-time downlink of CSI

Shareable/Releasable Imagery

Space Situational Awareness

Space Order of Battle - Threat

Satellite Overflight Data

Mission Planning

Joint Space Support Capability

Two tactical space-based capabilities: URSA and SSA ($43M budget)

URSA: Deployable antenna w/ associated ground receive infrastructure

SSA: Space SA via CommandView on-line

INT reports

Overview

Capabilities Military Utility

Issues

URSA: Directly downloading and processing

CSI in near real-time from many distinct

satellites (8)

URSA: Capable of operating independently in

an austere environment

SSA: Predict satellite over-flight timings for

different locations on Earth


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Surveillance of Space (SofS)

Objectives: Obtain assured access to

orbital data on space objects of Canadian

national interest via the acquisition and

deployment of a space-based sensor

system (the Sapphire System) and

integrate this Canadian contribution into

the US Space Surveillance Network.

Capability Deliverables

• Monitor space objects from 6000-40000 km • Sapphire Satellite System• Canadian Sensor System Operations Centre (North Bay)• Ground segment• Design Life minimum 5 years

Sapphire satellite

launched 25 Feb 13, in

India

Depiction of Sapphire

satellite detecting objects

in space

Overview Close Out

• Budget: ~$96.4M (exclusive of EBP)

• Total Spent: ~$86.3M (exclusive of EBP)

• Returned to GoC: ~$10.1M (includes $5.8M

contingency)

• Sapphire Satellite was launched successfully on

25 Feb 13. Commissioning phase completed 29

May 13, with the successful Commissioning

Results Review.

• IOC – 10 Sep 13; FOC – 12 Feb 14


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• 4.3% of US DoD Advanced Extremely High

Frequency (AEHF) constellation

• Capacity varies by four geographic regions

- NA, Europe, Asia, Pacific

• Comms links fully controlled by DND

• Anti-jam, survivable, Ka and Q-band

• Low-probability of detection/interception

Overview

• Cost: $592M, ($204M for space segment)

• Phase – Implementation

• Anchor stations completed

• SMART-T delivery completed

• Naval installations proceeding (3 completed)

• Early access avail for limited operations, trg &

testing

• AEHF IOC Jun 14, AEHF FOC 2019– PMSC IOC Nov 2013, PMSC FOC 2021

• MOU valid until 2025

Issues

• Terminal procurement via Foreign Military

Sales (FMS) cases

• Sustainment through FMS Sustainment Cases

• 22 x Naval Multiband Terminals• 2 National Entry Points (with 2 terminals each)

• 12 x Frigates, 4 x subs, 1 x CFNES

• 1 x destroyer (now de-scoped)

• 19 x SMART-Ts (trailer-mounted):• 7 x CFJSR, 3 x 8 ACCS, 6 x Brigades, 3 x CFSCE

• Man- Portable terminals – no adequate solution

on market, de-scoping strategy in progress

Protected Military Satellite

Communications (PMSC)


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Mercury Global (MG) Capability/Military Utility

• ‘Anywhere, anytime’ high capacity satellite

connectivity (X and Mil Ka band)

• 1.9% of US DoD Wideband Global Satellite

Communications System (WGS)

• ITU-regulated military frequency spectrum

• Common space segment for land, maritime,

and airborne platforms

• Multinational MOU – Canada, Denmark,

Netherlands, Luxembourg, New Zealand, US

Overview

• Wideband SATCOM connectivity to meet the

CAF’s current and future C4I req’ts

• Cost: $601 M, leverages ~11B WGS

constellation

• Phases: • Space Segment – Implementation

• Grnd Segment – Impl (Anchor Stations) and

Def (Strategic Deployable Terminals [SDTs]))

• ‘Early Access’ implemented at Halifax,

Kingston & Victoria, Nov 2013

• MG IOC 2013, MG FOC 2016

Issues

• Ground Segment (Anchor Stations)– TB Approval Granted 23 Oct 14

– Contract Award date 07 Nov 14

• Ground segment (SDTs)– To remain in extended definition

– SDT SOR drafted, undergoing review

– Technical version was released 27 Jun 14

• Will not deliver user segment– Tactical unit comms, intra-theatre

• Arctic requirement >65°N will be addressed

by separate future project

ARCTIC NEXUS


UNCLASSIFIED

NAVWAR (Navigation Warfare)

Programme • Protection of platforms/systems

• Integration of NAVWAR in operations based on

EA ,EP and ES to assure PNT to CAF

• Leveraging of R&D with allies ($ M savings)

• Preparing for “Emerging Threat” awareness

/mitigation

• Voice in development of modernized military

GPS user equipment – M-Code (2018 timeframe)

• Support to OGDs (GNSS Coord Board)

On-Going Actions / Issues(NAVWAR influences all current

Capital Programs)

• Integrating NAVWAR into Operations (CONOPS)

• GNSS Ops Vulnerability Assessments

• R&D, tests and field trials: ongoing

• Preparations for GNSS Modernization and

M-Code integration

• Investigating multi-GNSS receivers

Overview Aim: Providing operational Commanders and

forces Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT)

Information Superiority

• MOUs & Int’l Agreements (4-Eyes/11Nations)

• GNSS / GPS R&D, Experimentation, Tests and

Trials, Operational Assessments

• Joint Capability Development with Comds and

Services

• Interdepartmental WG and Coord on GNSS

• Support to Operations


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Future Capabilities


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Surveillance of Space 2Capability Overview

• Will provide surveillance of deep space objects through

Space-based sensor(s).

• Will contribute to CF Space Situational Awareness

• Will track “Deep Space” Objects (man-made objects in orbits

that are ~6K – >40K km in altitude)

• Capability continuation of that provided by Sapphire

– Sapphire Launched in 2013, 5 year design life

• Manning – to be incorporated into SSOC/CanSpOC location

as an additional sensor/sensors; thus, minimal additional PYs

required (if any)

Programme• Estimated Cost: over $100M

• Phase: Options Analysis

• Milestones:

IOC: 2022

FOC: 2023

• If not implemented, this would be a considerable loss to

DND/CAF in capability for conducting SSA, contributing to

allied/NORAD commitments. Furthermore, lack of a follow-on

to Sapphire may result in a loss of confidence in Canadian

commitment to SSA and contributing to the SSN.

On-Going Actions / Issues• Definition delayed until at least FY 15/16 due to internal

funding priorities, CIPPR, and potential need for IPCP (TBD)

• Finalizing Business Case Analysis of recommended system

option

• Investigating possibility of conducting ground-based optical

(GBO) sub-system as a Minor Project

• Working to identify source for funding of In-Service support for

proposed sensor system


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RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM)

Overview


Issues

Ensures continuity of RADARSAT data to

users while improving operational use of

Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR)

•Cost: $1.1B major crown project

•Phase: Definition

•Forecasted IOC: July 2018

•Design Life: 7 years

• Enhanced Global, including arctic, Maritime Domain Awareness including near-real-time ship detection, identification and tracking

• RCM dual payload: SAR and AIS enables data fusion and exposes ‘dark targets’ globally

• Improved Land surveillance and intelligence products, including 4 day coherent change detection revisit

• Whole-of-Government Use: Op availability shared with other Gov agencies.

• Data Policy: Licensing Agreement inhibits “free” data sharing

• No Classified Enclave: Possible area restrictions due to inability to process classified data (i.e. No Hi-Res imaging over location X while operation ‘Y’ is active)


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Polar Epsilon 2

Overview


Issues

• Whole-of-Gov approach to delivering more persistent and responsive Arctic, maritime, and deployed ops surveillance & recce using next-generation space-based capabilities• Cost: $142.7 M including 2 yrs P,O&M• P,O&M: Steady state FY19/20, $13.3M yearly• Phase: Definition/Implementation start Dec 2012• IOC: Oct 2018 Ground Segment

• Global ship identification and tracking

• RCM dual payload: radar and automatic identification system on space segment

• Coverage:

– Daily coverage of Maritime approaches

– Up to 4 times daily Canada’s Arctic Region

• Four day coherent change detection revisit

• RCM: AIS Space Segment (Implementation)

• Ground Segment (Definition)

• Data Exploitation (Definition)


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Maritime Domain Awareness (RADARSAT with AIS)

Raw data picture

+6,000 tracks daily

Processed image allows for

queuing of high-demand / low

density assets

http://www.earthzine.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/sats.jpg

http://www.earthzine.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/sats.jpg


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Satellite-Based Search & Rescue

• LEOSAR

– 2 SAR repeaters on US satellites in LEO

– Implementation Phase

• MEOSAR

– 24 SAR repeaters on US GPS satellites in

MEO

– Timelines tied to US GPS design

milestones & launch

– Definition Phase

• Founding member of International COSPAS-SARSAT Agreement

• Credited with saving > 32,000 lives & $10M/yr in SAR costs


UNCLASSIFIED

MEOSAR


• Provide a much-improved ability to detect,

identify, & locate distress radio beacons

world-wide– Provide 24 repeaters to USAF GPS III satellite project

• Deliver Sense Domain search & rescue (SAR)

within Canada’s SAR zone of responsibility

• Fulfill Canada’s obligations IAW ICSPA

OverviewMedium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue

• Cost: $247M IOC TBD FOC TBD


• $4.7M ACAN contract for Phase 1 (prototype

development) to COM DEV

• Construct ground stations (Local User

Terminals - LUTs)– receive & process distress radio beacon transmissions

• Upgrades to: Tech Eval Centre (Ottawa) to

monitor the repeaters, and Canadian Mission

Control Centre (Trenton)

Issues

• No DND Policy Mandate

• Require source of Capital Funding

• Project Complexity and Risk Assessment

(PCRA) = 4 (High Risk)

• Tied to GPS III schedule

ARCTIC NEXUS

LEOSAR

MEOSAR

CONSTELLATION

• ESA Galileo

• Russia Glonass

• US/Canada GPS III

Ship in distress

Canadian Mission

Control Centre (CMCC)Joint Rescue Coordination

Centre (JRCC) 1. Ship in distress

activates beacon

2. Multiple MEOSAR

satellites identify

the signal

3. The signal is

relayed between

the MEOSAR

constellation

4. The MEOSAR

satellite in range

of the CMCC

relays the signal

5. CMCC is alerted

and sends the

location to the

JRCC

6. The JRCC

coordinates the

response.

SAR Emergency Locator Transmitter – beacon (ELT) Sudbury,

17 March 2015

- six-seater Piper aircraft, 3 people on board, unfortunately perished.

- The aircraft did have a 406 MHz ELT and it was registered. The current LEO/GEO SARSAT system did detect the beacon about three times but the parameters of those detections were insufficient to determine a position. Thus, the beacon alert came up on the operational system as an Unlocated detection.

- Our SAR coordination center have access to experimental MEOSAR signals/system, their analysis provided this result:

• As it turns out the MEOSAR experimental system had also successfully made the detection, it calculated a position for the beacon south of Sudbury. After the wreckage was found, it turns out the MEOSAR position was about 1.1 nm North of the actual crash site which you can see in the attached map.


UNCLASSIFIED

Tactical Narrowband Satellite Communications (TNS)

Issues

• Mandatory global and Cdn Arctic coverage

• Complete circumpolar coverage desirable

• Investigating 5 options

• One potential option is a polar

constellation which also satisfies

wideband comms and other whole of

gov’t Arctic requirements

• Significant Allied interest in polar option


• Tactical comms for C2 voice & data nets for

land, sea, & air applications

• Interoperability with DoD & NATO

• UHF band best for Beyond-Line-Of-Sight

(BLOS) capability that must penetrate

vegetation, & work well in mountainous,

built-up urban environments

Overview

• Guaranteed access to global and arctic

narrowband (UHF) to support tactical BLOS

comms

• Cost: $933M (ROM)


• Forecasted IOC: 2021


UNCLASSIFIED

Orbit Requirements


UNCLASSIFIED

Current TNS Schedule

Options AnalysisJune 2014- Apr 2017

Definition2017-2019

Implementation2019- 2024

Close-out2024

2016

Based on longest schedule estimate for Northern constellation definition and implementation

DCBMar 16

TBS2nd SRBSRB1Jan 2016 DPS

PMB

2017

Pending CIPPR

IRPDA2IRPDA1

Apr

DCB

26

DRAFT

UNCLASSIFIED

DRAFT

UNCLASSIFIED

Space Organization

Space Ops & Readiness

Space Watch

24/7 Watch

Space Ops & Space Support

Current Ops / Plans / Trg / Std Eval

Joint Space Support Teams (JSST)

BGen Lalumiere

D Space RequirementsD Space Policy & Strategy

NAVWAR ISR SATCOM

OUTCAN Space

US JSpOC/Sensors

Comd CJOC

Policy / Strat Plans / Doctrine /

R&D / HR

CFD

CFICC

Responsive

to

Canadian Joint Space Component Commander

Space Capability Development

FG / FD

Space Operations

FE

Space Cadre

Management

CJOC Directors

& Components DG Space

Italic : notional C2 Relationship

“one dog to kick” for space

Comd CANSOFCOM

Comd NORAD

27

DRAFT

UNCLASSIFIED

DRAFT

UNCLASSIFIED

Insert Space POSTER

Surveillance of Space

2

- Follow on

Polar Epsilon 2

(supports RCM)

Polar Wideband SATCOM

MEOLUT

March 2016

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