the california pomegranate industry: trends and …...california pomegranate acreage trends • 1917...
TRANSCRIPT
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The California Pomegranate Industry: Trends and Production Insights
• Kevin R. Day
• Tree Fruit Advisor
• University of California
• Cooperative Extension
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California Pomegranate Acreage Trends
• 1917 – 150 ac
• 1955 – 480 ac
• 1975 – 1875 ac
• 1985 – 3475 ac
• 2006 – 12-15,000 ac
• 2009 – 25-29,000 ac
• 2012 – 30-33,000 ac
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Primary Varieties
• Foothill Early – Wonderful mutation, ripens late August, discovered in Porterville, CA by RJ Owen in mid-1970s
• Early Wonderful – Wonderful Mutation, ripens early-mid September, discovered in Cutler, CA by Leonard Wileman, 1972
• Wonderful – discovered in Porterville, CA in 1896; chance introduction in cuttings from Florida. Preferred for juice.
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Climate & Soils
• Good
– Dry
– Hot
– Salt & pH tolerant
• Bad
– Frost
– Rain
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Frost Damage
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Planting Systems
• Rootstocks
• Propagation
• Pruning & Training
• Spacing
– 18-20’ between rows
– 12-18’ in row
– Trellis
– Machine Harvest
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Pruning
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Nutrition (Jim LaRue)
• Nitrogen
– ~50 lbs/ac
• Zinc
– Dormant spray of
20#/100 - 36% zinc
sulfate
– 30# is OK
• Potassium
– No effect
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Nitrogen Pomegranate Yield
(lbs/tree)
0
50
100
150
200
250
1958 1959 1960 1961
0 N
50# N
100#N
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Nitrogen Pomegranate Fruit Size
(lbs/fruit)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1958 1959 1960 1961
0 N
50# N
100# N
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Nitrogen Pomegranate Maturity
(% in 1st Pick)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1958 1959 1960 1961
0 N
50# N
100# N
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Fruit Thinning fresh market only
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Sucker Control
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Fruit Cracking
• Irrigation
– Fluctuation
– Lysimeter Studies
• Rain
• Overripe
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Aphids
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Filbert Worm
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Leaf Footed Plant Bug
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Sunburn
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Harvesting
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Maturity Standards
• >10% must not
exceed 1.85% acid
• Juice = “a shade of
red that indicates
maturity.”
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Postharvest Storage (intact fruits)
• Chilling Injury
– 41 F for 8 weeks
– 50 F if longer
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Alternaria Rot as a Preharvest Defect Infection begins in the orchard especially following rain
during flowering and early fruit development. The fungus
can grow within the fruit without external symptoms
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Pomegranate Values Tulare County
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Value Added
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Field Juice Prices to Growers ($/ton)
• 2006 – $350-450
– Any variety
• 2007 – $200-325
– Any variety
• 2008 – <$100-150
– Typically only Wonderful
• 2011 to present – <$100
– Only Wonderful
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Juice Yields
• 80-90 gallons free juice per ton – “good”
fruit
• 16-17 gallons per ton fruit of 65° Brix
concentrate
• 5 t/ac @ 17 gal/ton = 85 gal/ac
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Concentrate Prices
• March 2008 - ~$45/gallon
– $3825/ac @ 85 gal/ac
• March 2009 - $23-27/gallon
– $2125/ac @ 85 gal/ac
• September 2013 - $15-20/gallon - $1487/ac @ 85 gal/ac
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Seed [Aril] Extraction
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Reliable Resources from California
• UC Pomegranate Cost Study
– http://coststudies.ucdavis.edu
• Growing Pomegranates – Jim LaRue
– http://fruitsandnuts.ucdavis.edu/crops/pomegr
anate_factsheet.shtml