the byzantine empire and russia
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The Byzantine Empire and Russia. The Byzantine Empire. Objectives Identify the factors that contributed to the growth & strength of the Byzantine Empire Explain how the Christian church came to be divided Analyze the cultural contributions made by the Byzantines - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire and Russiaand Russia
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire
►ObjectivesObjectives Identify the factors that contributed to the Identify the factors that contributed to the
growth & strength of the Byzantine Empiregrowth & strength of the Byzantine Empire Explain how the Christian church came to Explain how the Christian church came to
be dividedbe divided Analyze the cultural contributions made by Analyze the cultural contributions made by
the Byzantinesthe Byzantines Explain the factors that contributed to the Explain the factors that contributed to the
down fall of the Byzantine Empiredown fall of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire
► Justinian Code was a Justinian Code was a collection of Roman lawscollection of Roman laws Code- contained useful Code- contained useful
Roman lawsRoman laws Digest- summarized Digest- summarized
Roman legal opinionsRoman legal opinions Institutes- guide for law Institutes- guide for law
studentsstudents Novellae- laws passed Novellae- laws passed
after AD 534after AD 534
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Justinian CodeJustinian Code
Formed basis of Byzantine lawFormed basis of Byzantine law Provided framework for many European legal systemsProvided framework for many European legal systems Preserved Roman idea that people should be ruled by Preserved Roman idea that people should be ruled by
laws, not by leaders whimslaws, not by leaders whims
► Able AdvisorsAble Advisors TheodoraTheodora- encouraged Justinian to increase women's - encouraged Justinian to increase women's
rightsrights►Altered divorce laws, allowed Christian women to own Altered divorce laws, allowed Christian women to own
property equal to a property equal to a dowrydowry BelisariusBelisarius- General of the army, ended Nika revolt- General of the army, ended Nika revolt
Strengths of the EmpireStrengths of the Empire
► Strong and Centralized GovernmentStrong and Centralized Government► Officials were skilled, efficient, well paidOfficials were skilled, efficient, well paid► Created alliances through marriagesCreated alliances through marriages► Military forces well trained, Military forces well trained,
weapons/armor well designedweapons/armor well designed Greek FireGreek Fire- chemical weapon of the - chemical weapon of the
Navy, liquid that burst into flamesNavy, liquid that burst into flames► Eastern Roman EmpireEastern Roman Empire
Constantinople was source of Constantinople was source of strength, location allowed control of strength, location allowed control of sea trade routes between Europe sea trade routes between Europe and Asiaand Asia
The Christian Church
► Icon- holy picture of Jesus, the Virgin Mary,
or the Saints
► Iconoclasts- believed having icons was the
same as worshipping idols
► Iconoclastic Controversy was a battle about
the use of icons in the Christian Church
The Christian ChurchRoman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Clergy No Married Priests Married Priest allowed
Icons No icons allowedIcons rejected at first then later accepted
Leadership
Roman Pope was supreme church
authority
Patriarch of Constantinople
TrinityAccepted Holy
Trinity
Believed God the Father was more
important than the Son or Holy Spirit
Byzantine Culture
► Cyril and Methodius created the Cyrillic alphabet to teach the Bible to Slavs
► Art Religion was the main
subject Murals, Paintings, icons,
and mosaics Location of image
important Helped people look toward
the afterlife
Byzantine Culture
► Architecture Built the Hagia Sophia…a church Byzantines were the 1st to solve the issue of putting a
dome over a rectangular building
The Decline
► After Justinian died the empire was weakened and taken
over by various groups from different locations
The Seljuiq Turks capture of Asia Minor affected the
empire because it was a source for food and soldiers.
Western Roman Empire helped regain Constantinople
but later captured the city
► The Byzantine Empire was conquered by the Ottoman
Turks
The Rise of Russia
►Objectives
Explain why different peoples settled in
Eastern Europe
Describe how Kievan Russia differed from
the Byzantine Empire
The Setting and People
► Ural Mountains serve as a border between Europe and Asia
► The steppe covers the southern part of the great plains of Russia
► Rivers crisscross the plain to provide transportation
► Eastern Europe primarily populated by the Slavs
► Vikings moved into Eastern Europe to build trade routes
Kievan Russia
► Cities of Kiev and Novgorod lie along the Viking trade route
► Rurik- leader of the Rus people
► Kiev prospered bc of location as trade route between Constantinople and the Baltic Sea
► Kiev served as the capital for 300 years
Kievan Government
► Governed by princes and a council of nobles called boyars
► Held town meetings (veche) to and discuss important matters…war and disputes between princes
► Yaroslav the wise introduced the Pravda Russkia, a code of laws
► “Russian Justice” was a combination of fines and vengeance
Kievan Religion
► Traders and Greek missionaries brought Christianity to the area
► Vladimir I- 1st Russian ruler to convert to Christianity in order to marry Byzantine emperor daughter
► Ordered Kievan Russia to become Christian
► Many worshipped the spirits of their ancestors or gods of nature
► Religious writings, singing, and art dominated the culture
Kievan Economy► 2 agricultural regions, the steppe and taiga► Traded agricultural products and provided slaves to
the Byzantines► Trade helped develop Kievan into a strong, wealthy
power► Kievan Class Society
Local Princes and family Boyars Town Artisans and merchants devoted to trade Peasants, produced all crops that fed Russia Clergy- performed religious ceremonies and ran
the hospitals and charities
Russia and the Mongols
►Objectives
Identify the ways in which Mongol rule
affected Kievan Russia.
Describe the effects of Moscow’s growing
power and independence.
Attacks on Kiev
► Reasons for decline
Declined due to infighting among Kievan rulers
sons
Turkish Polovtsy controlled trade south of Kiev
Competition with Italian city-states that
developed new trade routes
The sacking of Kiev
Mongol Invasion
Kievan under the Mongols
► Ruled from 1240 to about 1500
► Gained wealth by taxing heavily
► Used peasants for as labor for projects
► Mongol influence
Built roads to improve transportation
Improved communication
Customs, traditions, behavior, and some language entered Russian Society
Kievan Russia & its neighbor
► Lithuania and Poland established hostile kingdom to
the eastern Slavs
► Poland converted to Catholicism (Western
Christianity)
► Other Slavs kept the eastern Orthodox religion
► Slavs become suspicious of Western Europeans
Rise of MoscowRise of Moscow
► Prince Ivan I was known as the Prince Ivan I was known as the Great Prince by the MongolsGreat Prince by the Mongols
► Head of the Orthodox Church Head of the Orthodox Church moved to Moscowmoved to Moscow
► Ivan the Great Ivan the Great Took control and power away Took control and power away
from the Mongolsfrom the Mongols Established independent state Established independent state
of Russiaof Russia Began absolute monarchy in Began absolute monarchy in
RussiaRussia
Ivan IV…the TerribleIvan IV…the Terrible
► Became heir to throne at age of 3Became heir to throne at age of 3
► Took the title of Took the title of czarczar
► Developed modern legal system and codeDeveloped modern legal system and code
► Renewed trade with Western EuropeRenewed trade with Western Europe
► Formed the Formed the oprichnikioprichniki to arrest to arrest boyarsboyars
► Laid foundation for new Russian state that Laid foundation for new Russian state that
stretched from Siberia to the Caspian Seastretched from Siberia to the Caspian Sea
Church GrowthChurch Growth
► Grew richly by acquiring land and donationsGrew richly by acquiring land and donations
► Became the center of the Orthodox Church after Became the center of the Orthodox Church after
the fall of Constantinople the fall of Constantinople
► Called Moscow the Called Moscow the “Third Rome”“Third Rome”
► Elaborate dome churchesElaborate dome churches
► Thought churches would inspire people & make Thought churches would inspire people & make
Russia the spiritual light to the whole world.Russia the spiritual light to the whole world.