the brain: make it work for you
DESCRIPTION
most learning tasks require both left and right-hemisphere processing. Current research debunks the simplistic “left brain/right brain” literature… most learning tasks require both left and right-hemisphere processing. Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.TRANSCRIPT
The Brain:
Make It Work FOR You
Current research debunks the simplistic “left brain/right brain”
literature…
most learning tasks require both left and right-hemisphere
processing.Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Cooperation rather than competition between the brain hemispheres is the prevailing mode in most
learning.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Learners must realize that the systems regulating feeling, emotions, and
attentiveness are tied to the very learning of
information.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The learner’s attitude toward learning and
background knowledge affect his/her depth of
understanding.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Learning that is made interesting and challenging activates brain subsystems
responsible for alertness and emotional tone…
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…motivation, attention, and memory all operate in an
interlocking fashion to enhance learning.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The triune-brain theory states that the brain
has evolved into three principal parts---each handling a different
function.Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The most primitive part of the brain is
the reptilian brain—so called because it deals with the most basic needs, such
as...Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…reaction to immediate threat. This part
of the brain holds no memories, which is why…
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…when the reptilian brain is in charge---- we have no recollection of what occurred.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The middle section of the brain---the old mammalian
brain is present in ALL
mammals.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The old mammalian brain controls emotions
and plays a great role in the learning process ...
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…by determining whether the newest portion of the
brain will be able to function fully.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The old mammalian
brain secretes different
chemicals when a
mammal is confronted
with stimuli.Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
For example,
a negative stimuli can stimulate chemicals that affect
the reptilian brain…
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…to produce an automatic
response to danger—
much like freezing or
shutting down.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The upper part
of the brain is the neocortex
or new mammalian brain.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
This newest and largest portion of the brain deals
with such abilities as mathematical and verbal acuity
and logical reasoning.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
This is the most complex
part of the human brain and,
as a result, functions most
slowly.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The neurological makeup of the neocortex allows learning to take place
through associations that can number in the high trillions.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Research shows that release of neurotransmitters
either help or hinder the functioning of the neocortex.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
For example, if an animal encounters a speeding car, it
will most likely freeze. Its instincts tell it to be still until
danger passes.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
If a student perceives an
academic climate as threatening,
chemicals may very well be secreted to the reptilian brain,
telling the brain to, in
effect…Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…revert to the instinct of
freezing, thereby impeding learning
and retention.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Therefore, students who feel
positive and happy about learning are
better able to process and retain
information.Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The reptilian brain of a student who perceives an
academic situation as threatening may
secret chemicals that cause the
student to revert to the instinct of
freezing. Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The process by which negative messages are
sent from the old mammalian to the reptilian
brain is called downshifting.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Research shows that attitudes,
feelings, emotions,
motivation, and conative factors are important in
thinking, reading, and
learning Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
How does the triune brain theory work in a classroom?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Meet Freddy.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Freddy dreads science class
everyday.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Freddy didn’t read the science
assignment for today.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
His teacher meets him at
the door with a pop quiz.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
How do you predict Freddy will perform on the pop quiz?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Have you ever experienced a time when your “mind went
blank” during a testing situation?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
This feeling is
often called TEST
ANXIETY.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
There is a relationship known as the Yerkes-Dodson law that means anxiety that is either too HIGH or too LOW
hinders performance.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Moderate anxiety, however, results in the best performance.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Research suggests that pattern seeking—efforts
to make sense out of complex and often
chaotic realities—is the key to human intelligence..
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Research suggests that humans
live by “programs” that
we acquire and store for use in
the brain. Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
A program is a fixed sequence for
accomplishing some goal.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Human nature makes the working of a
program a pleasurable
experience; we can rely on its activation to help us achieve a
goal.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Humans can use only programs that are built on and stored
through experience.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Each individual develops his or her own unique programs…efforts to impose a program on someone else is a futile endeavor.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Yet these brain
programs are used to
accomplish EVERYTHIN
G we do.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
In performing all tasks we usually use a three-step
cycle.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
1.Evaluate the situation.2.Select the program that
seems most appropriate from our store.
3.Implement the program.
Fully acquired programs, though laboriously built, have an automatic quality that easily leads one to forget that other individuals have not already acquired them.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
For example, Ted can add long columns of
numbers “in his head” while Bob must use a
calculator to be accurate. Ted has
internalized a program for addition that Bob has
not chosen to learn or implement.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Inefficient readers have not yet developed an effective
program for reading difficult material. They
keep trying to implement the program they “know” for reading easy material.
It just won’t work for challenging material.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
One researcher has demonstrated that real learning takes
place with no effort. He suggests that stress in learning comes only from trying to learn something that
seems to have no purpose.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
We learn all the time without suspecting that we
are doing so!
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
We don’t try to “learn” the daily newspaper when we read it, yet hours or days later we can recall many of the details we read.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
We learn every time we make sense of something—we learn in the act of making sense of the world around us.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Learning programs are acquired incidentally
through the successful creation of meaning in
the act of learning.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Many students have negative programs
acquired from the lack of a brain-compatible environment…
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
…they may even develop programs of failure and dropping out or a sense that school is “just not
worth it for me.”
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Research says that for students to reason
effectively and solve problems they have to
pursue learning through mental thought, uninterrupted by
distractions.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The latest brain research says:
Students remember material best that is structured and meaningful.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The latest brain research says:
Students learn best in an environment in which students interact.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The latest brain research says:
An enriched environment allows students to make sense of what they are learning.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The latest brain research says:
Learning is strongly influenced by emotion, when emotion is added to the learner input, retention is enhanced.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
The latest brain research says:
Teachers should stress intuitive learning as much as step-by-step logic to allow creative thinking to emerge.
What implications does this brain research have
for students who are college-bound?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Students remember material best that is structured and meaningful.Note-taking is
essential—and idiosyncratic—the
method one student uses to order
information may not work for another.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Students learn best in an environment in which students
interact.College students should consider entering any discussion group or laboratory situation that allows them to interact with others on the subject being learned.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Students learn best in an environment in which students interact.
What type of interaction is of value?•Taking part in classroom discussions•Taking an active role in laboratories•Joining or forming a study group•Finding a study partner•Asking individual questions of the professor/GA during office hours
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
•Language used as a means of exploring the world—•Reading--all types of media•A judicious use of television•Discussion of differing points of view and seeking valid evidence to support each side
What is found in a rich learning environment?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
What is found in a rich learning environment?•Thoughtful Internet use with an eye to evaluating validity and confirming sources.•Writing for business and pleasure-•Seeking new learning experiences that add to development as a member of society.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
What is found in a rich learning environment?
•Games that provide a mental challenge—Bridge, Scrabble, Jeopardy…•Crossword puzzles•What else can you name?
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Learning is strongly influenced by emotion, when emotion is added to the learner input, retention is enhanced.
Never--ever– never-- tell yourself “I’m not good at math” or “I’m not smart enough to get this.” The brain will process this negativity and you will only build a wall you have to overcome—in addition to the material found in the course.
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Learning is strongly influenced by emotion, when emotion is added to the learner input, retention is enhanced.
Find ways to reward yourself for each small-or great-success you accomplish in this learning task. But most of all, use the research in other areas to increase the likelihood of success—study groups, note-taking, visiting the professor…
Source: Richardson and Morgan. Reading to Learn in the Content Areas, 2003.
Teachers should stress intuitive learning as much as step-by-step logic to allow creative thinking to
emerge.Be conscious of the need to develop “programs” to help you read, take notes, interpret what you are reading, write about what you have read, etc. Be on the look out for methodologies that appeal to you and help you learn. USE WHAT TRULY WORKS FOR YOU!!!!
WHAT IS YOUR GOAL AS A LEARNER?
You want to become a self-regulated learner who is
able to recognize when and why different strategies are needed to study for
different types of learning situations.
A self-regulated learner develops the “programs” needed to make learning
more enjoyable and successful.
Make your brain work for you!