the black death and the end of the middle ages
TRANSCRIPT
TheBlackDeath
And the end of the Middle Ages
Signs of Gods Wrath
No epoch was more naturally mad
Michelet
SIGNS
• War: Hundred Years War (1337-1453);
• Insurrections in France, England, Italy, German lands
• Decline of the Byzantine Empire (fall 1453)
• Famine (1315-1317)
• Disease - Black Death (1349-51)
• Religious Turmoil - Papal Schism (1378-1417)
Hundred Years War
• 1337-1453• England v. France
• Hundred Years War• • 1337-1453
• England v. France
• Gunpowder, cannons introduced
Fall of Byzantine Empire
Papal Schism
Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)
Three Popes (1409)
Plague Routes
Yersinia Pestis
• Spread primarily by fleas; brown rats - main carriers
• Three Types• Bubonic• Pneumonic• Septicaemic
SPREAD OF …
Symptoms of Plague
• BUBONIC - fever, exhaustion, chills, swollen glands which turn red at first, then black
• PNEUMONIC - cough which produces frothy blood from lungs
• SEPTICAEMIC - internal bleeding; blood pools under skin causing black coloration
PIC’S
Responses to Plague:the Popular Level
• Social Breakdown & Flight
• Popular Devotional Movement
• Pograms
Writings from a dead man
• I, as if among the dead, waiting til death do come, have put into writing truthfully what I have heard and verified. And that the writing may not perish with the scribe and the work fail with the laborer, I add parchment to continue it, if by chance anyone may be left in the future, and any child of Adam may escape this pestilence and continue the work thus commenced.
• -John Clyn of Kilkenny, Ireland, 1349
Treatment Methods
Theories of Contagion
• Cannon Fire and Bonfire
• Quarantine
• Milanπs Approach
Estimated Toll
• 25 Million Dead
• 1/3 of Europe
• Half of Asia
• 3/4 to 5/6 of the population
of Florence and other major
port cities
Consequences
• Art and popular mindset
• Church strength
• Economic changes
ARTWORK
Return of Plague?
1349-1351
1660-1663
Last Epidemic: 1942
Last Outbreak: 1994