The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights ExtendedExtended

In 1791, less than half of the In 1791, less than half of the population of the United population of the United States enjoyed the full rights States enjoyed the full rights of citizenship.of citizenship.

Women, African-Women, African-Americans, and those Americans, and those under 21under 21

• Were not granted the same rights Were not granted the same rights as some other Americansas some other Americans

• Were not allowed to voteWere not allowed to vote• Some were considered propertySome were considered property

White malesWhite males

• Usually had the most power in Usually had the most power in American societyAmerican society

• Did not always have the full Did not always have the full protection of the Bill of Rights protection of the Bill of Rights due to the power of the statesdue to the power of the states

Constitution has changed Constitution has changed 27 times27 times

• Some due to changes in Some due to changes in conditions and attitudes in conditions and attitudes in societysociety

• Some changed the way Some changed the way government worksgovernment works

• Some extended rights to the Some extended rights to the previously ignoredpreviously ignored

Eleventh AmendmentEleventh Amendment

• Lawsuits brought against a Lawsuits brought against a state will be tried in state courtstate will be tried in state court

Twelfth AmendmentTwelfth Amendment

• Changed the procedure for Changed the procedure for electing the President and the electing the President and the Vice-PresidentVice-President

• Separate ballots are cast for Separate ballots are cast for each office by the electoral each office by the electoral college college

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments

• Amendments Thirteen, Amendments Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen are a Fourteen, and Fifteen are a direct result of the civil wardirect result of the civil war

• Extended the rights of the Extended the rights of the African-AmericanAfrican-American

Thirteenth AmendmentThirteenth Amendment

• Officially ended slavery in the Officially ended slavery in the United StatesUnited States

• Outlawed any sort of forced Outlawed any sort of forced labor, except as punishment for labor, except as punishment for a crimea crime

Fourteenth AmendmentFourteenth Amendment

• Granted full US citizenship to Granted full US citizenship to African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

• Required that states grant its Required that states grant its citizens “equal protection of the citizens “equal protection of the laws”, thus treating all citizens laws”, thus treating all citizens equallyequally

• Forbids state governments from Forbids state governments from interfering with rights granted by interfering with rights granted by the federal governmentthe federal government

Fifteenth AmendmentFifteenth Amendment

• Granted African-American Granted African-American males the right to suffrage males the right to suffrage (vote)(vote)

• Largely unsuccessful because Largely unsuccessful because many states found legal ways many states found legal ways to keep African-Americans from to keep African-Americans from votingvoting– Example: Poll taxesExample: Poll taxes

Sixteenth AmendmentSixteenth Amendment

• Authorized Congress to levy Authorized Congress to levy the Income Taxthe Income Tax

Seventeenth Seventeenth AmendmentAmendment

• Allowed for senators to be Allowed for senators to be elected by the people of the elected by the people of the states rather than by states rather than by appointment of the state appointment of the state legislatureslegislatures

Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment

• Prohibited the production, sale, Prohibited the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United Statesbeverages in the United States

• Proved to be difficult to enforceProved to be difficult to enforce• Period called ProhibitionPeriod called Prohibition

Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment

• (1920) gave women the right to (1920) gave women the right to vote in all electionsvote in all elections

• Granted women full citizenship Granted women full citizenship • Some states, such as Wyoming, Some states, such as Wyoming,

granted women the right to granted women the right to vote in state elections as early vote in state elections as early as 1869as 1869

Twentieth AmendmentTwentieth Amendment• Made Inauguration Day as Made Inauguration Day as

January 20 for the President January 20 for the President and January 3 for Congressand January 3 for Congress

• Abolished the “Lame Duck” Abolished the “Lame Duck” session of Congresssession of Congress

• If President-elect dies before If President-elect dies before taking office, Vice-President-taking office, Vice-President-elect would become Presidentelect would become President

Twenty-first AmendmentTwenty-first Amendment• Repealed the Eighteenth Repealed the Eighteenth

AmendmentAmendment• Only amendment ever passed Only amendment ever passed

to overturn an earlier to overturn an earlier amendmentamendment

• Only amendment ratified by Only amendment ratified by special state conventions special state conventions instead of the state legislaturesinstead of the state legislatures

Twenty-second Twenty-second AmendmentAmendment

• Placed a two term limit on the Placed a two term limit on the PresidencyPresidency

• Passed after President Franklin Passed after President Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms in Roosevelt served 4 terms in office- only President to serve office- only President to serve more than 2 termsmore than 2 terms

Twenty-third AmendmentTwenty-third Amendment

• Granted Washington, D.C. Granted Washington, D.C. residents the right to vote in residents the right to vote in Presidential and Vice-Presidential and Vice-Presidential electionsPresidential elections

Twenty-fourth AmendmentTwenty-fourth Amendment

• Made poll taxes illegal in Made poll taxes illegal in national electionsnational elections

• Affected both African-Affected both African-Americans and poor whites Americans and poor whites mostly in southern statesmostly in southern states

• Supreme Court ruled in 1966 Supreme Court ruled in 1966 that poll taxes were also illegal that poll taxes were also illegal in state electionsin state elections

Twenty-fifth AmendmentTwenty-fifth Amendment

• If the President was to die, resign, or is If the President was to die, resign, or is removed from office the Vice-President removed from office the Vice-President would become the Presidentwould become the President

• If the Vice-President was to die, resign, If the Vice-President was to die, resign, or removed from office, the President or removed from office, the President would appoint a replacement with the would appoint a replacement with the approval of Congressapproval of Congress

Twenty-sixth AmendmentTwenty-sixth Amendment

• The Constitution did not The Constitution did not specifically designate a specifically designate a suffrage age- most states set suffrage age- most states set the age at 21the age at 21

• Set the suffrage age at 18 for Set the suffrage age at 18 for all elections (1971)all elections (1971)

Twenty-seventh Twenty-seventh AmendmentAmendment

• Gave Congress a pay raiseGave Congress a pay raise