The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution• Definition: the greatly increased output of machine-made

goods that began in England in the middle 1700s

The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way

• Wealthy landowners began buying small farms, putting up a fence around the larger fields: enclosures • POS: tried new agricultural methods• NEG: forced small farmers to move to city or tenant farm

• 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill: boosted crop yields

• Crop rotation: rotating crops to keep soil rich (wheat depleted resources, and turnips restore nutrients)

• Selective Breeding: started breeding best animals only=increased food supply=increased population

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England

• Britain had all factors of production: resources needed to produce goods and services

LAND LABOR CAPITAL

• Industrialization: the process of developing machine production of goods; requires natural resources

• Other Factors: • Britain’s economy was expanding (ex: banks gave loans)• Britain had political stability (ex: no wars)

Inventions Spur Industrialization• First industry to be transformed was textile industry major

inventions like:

Flying Shuttle

Spinning Jenny

Water Frame

• machines too large for homes, moved to factories: large buildings near water

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin 1793: cotton production skyrocketed

Improvements in Transportation• James Watt built a faster, more efficient steam engine• Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, manages, and takes on

the risks of a business• Robert Fulton built the first steamboat• Canals (human-made waterways) were created to improve

water transportation in England• John McAdam improved roads-led to tollroads

The railway Age Begins

• After 1820 railroad locomotive(steam engine on wheels) drove England’s industry

• 1804 Richard Trevithick built steam-driven locomotive• 1830 Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened• 4 major effects of locomotive: • 1) spurred industrial growth bc cheap way to transport goods • 2) created new jobs • 3)boosted agricultural and fishing industries bc could transport

products to far cities • 4)allowed ppl to take far city jobs