the bantu verb phrase morphology (variables) rampant

The Bantu Verb PhraseThe Bantu Verb Phrase

morphology (variables) morphology (variables) rampantrampant

4. 4. s/he did not cook for her/him (yesterdays/he did not cook for her/him (yesterday))

4. 4. s/he did not cook for her/him (yesterdays/he did not cook for her/him (yesterday))

hasiyamudekherehasiyamudekhere

Time (s)0 2.05107

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R 3S 42 x a

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i y

a m

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e MP

R 3S 42 x a s i y a m u d e e r e MP

.056.073 .115 .089.073 .120 .125 .056.101 .193 .108 .209 .089 .101

Time (s)0 2.05107

‘‘s/he did not cook for her/him (yesterdays/he did not cook for her/him (yesterday)’)’

HasiyamudekhereHasiyamudekhere

[xasíjam[xasíjam↓↓údeexúdeex↓↓éére]éére]

Joe Joe arisirearisire ngombe ama-dimwa ngombe ama-dimwa

Joe Joe fedfed 9cattle 6-corn 9cattle 6-corn ‘ ‘Joe fed the cattle corn’Joe fed the cattle corn’

[[a - a - ØØ - r - íís - ir - ↓é - r - íís - ir - ↓é]]

SP - TA - RSP - TA - ROOTOOT – DS – DSUF UF - ASP - M- ASP - MODEODE

1 - HP - 1 - HP - eateat - - CAUSCAUS - HP – (HP) - HP – (HP)

HasiyamudekhereHasiyamudekhere

‘‘s/he did not cook for her/him (yesterdays/he did not cook for her/him (yesterday)’)’

[[xasí - j - a - mxasí - j - a - m↓↓ú - deex - ú - deex - ↓↓éér - eéér - e]]

NNEGEG - SP - TA - OP - Root - DSuf/A - SP - TA - OP - Root - DSuf/ASP?SP? - - MMODEODE

NEG -1(9)- PHP - 3ps - NEG -1(9)- PHP - 3ps - cookcook – A – APP/PHP?PP/PHP? - PHP - PHP

The SlotsThe Slots

(NEG)(NEG) + + SPSP + + T/AT/A + + (OP)(OP) + + RootRoot + + (DS + (DS2 + (DS3)))(DS + (DS2 + (DS3))) + + (ASP)(ASP) + + ModeMode

1 2 3 4 5 <- - - - - 6 - - - - - - > 7 81 2 3 4 5 <- - - - - 6 - - - - - - > 7 8

semantically obligatorysemantically obligatory

optionaloptional

Bantu Noun ClassesBantu Noun ClassesBantu Noun Classes (singular/plural)Bantu Noun Classes (singular/plural)1/21/2 Primarily human Primarily human3/43/4 Non-human animates; body parts; plants Non-human animates; body parts; plants5/6 Mass nouns; 0-singular nouns: some 5/6 Mass nouns; 0-singular nouns: some

animals, plants and body partsanimals, plants and body parts7/87/8 The "thing" class: utensils, instruments: The "thing" class: utensils, instruments:

some body partssome body parts9/10 The "N-class": mostly loanwords and 9/10 The "N-class": mostly loanwords and

names of animalsnames of animals11/10 Things having length; some body parts11/10 Things having length; some body parts12/13 Diminutive or derogatory12/13 Diminutive or derogatory14/6 Ideas; abstract nouns14/6 Ideas; abstract nouns15/6 Gerundial / infinitival verb forms: 15/6 Gerundial / infinitival verb forms: 1616 Locative (roughly ‘at’) Locative (roughly ‘at’)1717 Locative (roughly ‘on’) Locative (roughly ‘on’)1818 Locative (roughly ‘in, into’) Locative (roughly ‘in, into’)2424 Locative (roughly ‘at, to’) Locative (roughly ‘at, to’)20/4 Augmentative; sometimes derogatory20/4 Augmentative; sometimes derogatory

Class Pre-pref Prefix Example Gloss1 o- -mu- omu-ndu ‘person'2 a- -βa- aβa-ndu ‘people'3 o- -mu- omu-twe ‘head’4 e- -mi- emi-twe ‘heads’5 e- (-li-) ery-olu ‘nose’6 a- -ma- am-olu ‘noses’7 e- -si- esi-ndu t̀hing'8 e- -βi- eβi-ndu ‘things’9 e- -N- en-jofu ‘elephant’10 e- -N- en-jofu ‘elephants’11 o- -lu- olu-gulu ‘mountain’10 e- -N- en-gulu ‘mountains’*12 a- -xa- axa-xasi ‘little woman’13 o- -ru- (-tu-) otuxasi** ‘little women’14 o- -βu- oβu-ndu ‘place’15 o- -xu- oxu-imba ‘to sing, singing’16 0 -ha-17 0 -xu- xu-mu-kulu on land18 0 -mu- mu-nyumba in the house20 o- -ku- oku-ndu ‘big person’

The SlotsThe Slots

(NEG)(NEG) + + SPSP + + T/AT/A + + (OP)(OP) + + RootRoot + + (DS + (DS2 + (DS3)))(DS + (DS2 + (DS3))) + + (ASP)(ASP) + + ModeMode

1 2 3 4 5 <- - - - - 6 - - - - - - > 7 81 2 3 4 5 <- - - - - 6 - - - - - - > 7 8

semantically obligatorysemantically obligatory

optionaloptional

(NEG)(NEG) + + SPSP + + T/AT/A + + (OP)(OP) + +ROOTROOT + + (DS + (DS + (DS)))(DS + (DS + (DS))) + + (Aspect)(Aspect) + + MoodMood

1ps1ps 1ps 1ps1pp1pp 1pp 1pp2ps 2ps 2ps 2ps2pp RP2pp RP 2pp 2pp 1 PHP 11 PHP 1 REVERS REVERS REVERS REVERS REVERS REVERS 2 HP 22 HP 2 STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT 3 JN 33 JN 3 CAUS CAUS CAUS PERF CAUS CAUS CAUS PERF

NEG + 4 + Pres + 4 + NEG + 4 + Pres + 4 + ROOTROOT + APP + APP + APP + HAB + MOOD(fv) + APP + APP + APP + HAB + MOOD(fv) 5 still 55 still 5 RECIP RECIP RECIP RECIP RECIP RECIP 6 just 66 just 6 PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS 7 HF 77 HF 7 INTENS INTENS INTENS INTENS INTENS INTENS 8 PHF 88 PHF 8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 RF9 RF 9 9

1010 10 10 1111 11 11

1212 12 121313 13 131414 14 141515 15 151616 16 16 ...... REFLEXIVE REFLEXIVE

......

Class Markers in the VPClass Markers in the VPClass Pre-pref Prefix Example Gloss

1 o- -mu- omu-ndu ‘person'2 a- -βa- aβa-ndu ‘people'3 o- -mu- omu-twe ‘head’4 e- -mi- emi-twe ‘heads’5 e- (-li-) ery-olu ‘nose’6 a- -ma- am-olu ‘noses’7 e- -si- esi-ndu `thing'8 e- -βi- eβi-ndu ‘things’9 e- -N- en-jofu ‘elephant’10 e- -N- en-jofu ‘elephants’11 o- -lu- olu-gulu ‘mountain’10 e- -N- en-gulu ‘mountains’*12 a- -xa- axa-xasi ‘little woman’13 o- -ru- (-tu-) otuxasi** ‘little women’14 o- -βu- oβu-ndu ‘place’15 o- -xu- oxu-imba ‘to sing, singing’16 0 -ha-17 0 -xu- xu-mu-kulu on land18 0 -mu- mu-nyumba in the house20 o- -ku- oku-ndu ‘big person’

VPSubj. Obj.

I ndi -ndi-We xu- -xu-You sg. o- -xu-You pl. mu- -mu-1 / 3ps a- -mu-2 / 3pp βa- -βa-3 ku- -ku-4 ki- -ki-5 li- -li-6 ka- -ka-7 si- -si-8 βi- -βi-9 yi- -i-10 chi- -tsi-11 lu- -lu-12 xa- -xa-13 tu- -ru-14 βu- -βu-15 xu- -xu-16 ha- -ha-17 xu- -xu-18 mu- -mu-20 ku- -ku-

Why Everything is ImportantWhy Everything is Important

Time (s)0 1.82703

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R 3S 38 j am

ud

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er e MP

R 3S 38 j a m u d e e r e MP

.096 .138 .092 .05 .096 .186 .113 .219 .046 .174

Time (s)0 1.82703

Time (s)0 1.62134

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R 6S 4 j am

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MPR 6S 4 j a m u d e e r e MP

.098 .128 .095 .061 .091 .231 .072 .112 .02 .156

Time (s)0 1.62134

The top VP means ‘she cooked for him’; the bottom means ‘she cooked him’.

Initial AttemptInitial AttemptSpkr List item Taorth phonetic tone phonetic tone seq.B 1S 229 ndakhalubone [ndaxáluβoon↓é] L.H.L.LL.↓H LHLHB 2S 17 4 alubwene [aalúbween↓é] LL.H.LL.↓H LHLHB 2S 34 5 yamukusire [jaamúkusi↓íré] LL.H.L.L↓H.H LHLHB 2S 18 5 yalubwene [jaalúβwééné] LL.H.HH.H LHB 2S 25 yabwereo [jaaβwé·réo] LL.H.H.L LHL

B 1S 7 3 ndekha [ndeéxá] LH.H LH

B 2S 9 1 adekhanga [adeexaáng$á] L.LL.LH.$H LHH

R 3S 13 1 adekhanaga [adeexááng$á] L.LL.HH.$H LHHB 1S 25 ndabwereo [ndaβweéréo] L.LH.H.L LHLB 2S 7 3 adekha [adeéxá] L.LH.H LHB 2S 5 5 hasiyabwereo [xasíjaaβwe↓éréo] L.H.LL.↓HH.H.L LHLHLR 3S 38 5 yamudekhere [jamúdeex↓ééré] L.H.LL.↓HH.H LHLHR 3S 38 5 yamudekhere [jamúdeex↓ééré] L.H.LL.↓HH.H LHLH

B 1S 8 3 hasindekha [xasínde↓éxa] L.H.L↓H.L LHLHLB 2S 10 1 hasiadekhanga [xasíʔadeex↓áánga] L.H.L.LL.↓HH.L LHLHLB 2S 33 4 amukusire [amúkusiir↓é] L.H.L.LL.↓H LHLHR 4S 6 5 Ochwada yambakhire nako Ochwáada [jáámbax↓íré náko] HH.L.↓H.H HLH

Initial Attempt Initial Attempt pg.2pg.2

NegSMTA OMOM2Root DS1 DS2DS3Asp MBFV gloss1ps RF D βona I will see it FF (Class 11)1 NP D βona MB e she saw it 10 min ago1 MP Id kusa APP e she sold it for her yesterday1 MP D βona she saw it yesterday1ps MP βwao she left yesterday

1ps Prog dexa I am cooking Pres

1 HAB dexa she cooks everyday

1 HAB dexa she cooks1ps MP βwao MB I left1 Prog dexa she is cooking

N 1 MP βwao she did not leave yesterday1 MP I dexa APP e she cooked for her yesterday1 MP I dexa APP e she cooked for her yesterday

N 1ps Prog dexa I am not cooking PresN 1 HAB dexa she does not cook everyday

1 NP Id kusa APP she sold it for her 10 min ago1 MP I? βaxa APP Ochwada smeared me with it.

Initial Attempt Initial Attempt pg.3pg.3

notes[u] lower and falling but still high.. sounds low[aa] = .21[a]= .14s; [ya]=.27s;[aa] = .18[e·] = half-long = .171s

c.f. 1c; c.f. R3S [xẃade!éxá]

upstep thru [aa] to end: ...x a a ng a

UPSTEP? Katamba .207 [e] = 166Hz; a1 180., a2 192, fin a 207rising contour in [eé]; rapid fall in final [e], poss. effect of timerise on [ee]falling on [aa], poss. etic cause, slow rise on [ee][xee] starts H and rises, final [é] higher UPSTEP?upstep?? same as k38

1st part of fin. [a] H, but very short [ee] = .17s[a]= .18s; [ku] rapid fallditto 4S 5, plus tone rises through [m] in both

Initial Attempt – full viewInitial Attempt – full view1

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B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V

List itemTa orth phonetic tone phonetic tone seq. Neg SM TA OM OM2Root DS1 DS2 DS3 Asp MB FV gloss notes1S 229 ndakhalubone [ndaxáluβoon↓é] L.H.L.LL.↓H LHLH 1ps RF D βona I will see it FF (Class 11) [u] lower and falling but still high.. sounds low2S 174 alubwene [aalúbween↓é] LL.H.LL.↓H LHLH 1 NP D βona MB e she saw it 10 min ago [aa] = .212S 345 yamukusire [jaamúkusi↓íré] LL.H.L.L↓H.H LHLH 1 MP Id kusa APP e she sold it for her yesterday [a]= .14s; [ya]=.27s;2S 185 yalubwene [jaalúβwééné] LL.H.HH.H LH 1 MP D βona she saw it yesterday [aa] = .182S 25 yabwereo [jaaβwé·réo] LL.H.H.L LHL 1ps MP βwao she left yesterday [e·] = half-long = .171s

1S 72.5 ndekha [ndeéxá] LH.H LH 1ps Prog dexa I am cooking Pres c.f. 1c; c.f. R3S [xẃade!éxá]

2S 91 adekhanga [adeexaáng$á] L.LL.LH.$H LHH 1 HAB dexa she cooks everyday upstep thru [aa] to end: ...x a a ng a

3S 131 adekhanaga [adeexááng$á] L.LL.HH.$H LHH 1 HAB dexa she cooks UPSTEP? Katamba .207 [e] = 166Hz; a1 180., a2 192, fin a 2071S 25 ndabwereo [ndaβweéréo] L.LH.H.L LHL 1ps MP βwao MB I left rising contour in [eé]; rapid fall in final [e], poss. effect of time2S 72.5 adekha [adeéxá] L.LH.H LH 1 Prog dexa she is cooking rise on [ee]2S 55 hasiyabwereo [xasíjaaβwe↓éréo] L.H.LL.↓HH.H.L LHLHL N 1 MP βwao she did not leave yesterday falling on [aa], poss. etic cause, slow rise on [ee]3S 385 yamudekhere [jamúdeex↓ééré] L.H.LL.↓HH.H LHLH 1 MP I dexa APP e she cooked for her yesterday [xee] starts H and rises, final [é] higher UPSTEP?3S 385 yamudekhere [jamúdeex↓ééré] L.H.LL.↓HH.H LHLH 1 MP I dexa APP e she cooked for her yesterday upstep?? same as k38

1S 82.5 hasindekha [xasínde↓éxa] L.H.L↓H.L LHLHL N 1ps Prog dexa I am not cooking Pres 1st part of fin. [a] H, but very short2S 101 hasiadekhanga [xasíʔadeex↓áánga] L.H.L.LL.↓HH.L LHLHL N 1 HAB dexa she does not cook everyday [ee] = .17s2S 334 amukusire [amúkusiir↓é] L.H.L.LL.↓H LHLH 1 NP Id kusa APP she sold it for her 10 min ago [a]= .18s; [ku] rapid fall4S 65 Ochwada yambakhire nako Ochwáada [jáámbax↓íré náko] HH.L.↓H.H HLH 1 MP I? βaxa APP Ochwada smeared me with it. ditto 4S 5, plus tone rises through [m] in both


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One slant: a data structure is ultimately a metaphor for a real-world domain.


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Admitted: all metaphors ultimately breakdown


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Admitted: all metaphors ultimately breakdown

The issue then becomes: which metaphor gets the most miles?

So FarSo Far

How to account for the following properties of the slots:How to account for the following properties of the slots:

some are obligatory, some are optional.some are obligatory, some are optional. with the exception of the Verb Root, the potential for each with the exception of the Verb Root, the potential for each

slot is one from a small and fixed set.slot is one from a small and fixed set. each non-root morpheme will have a fixed phonological each non-root morpheme will have a fixed phonological

form determined by its semantic definition and its slot.form determined by its semantic definition and its slot.

(NEG)(NEG) + SP + T/A + + SP + T/A + (OP)(OP) + Root + + Root + (DS + (DS2 + (DS3)))(DS + (DS2 + (DS3))) + + (ASP)(ASP) + Mode + Mode

morphologymorphology

<xs:complexType name=”Morphology”>

<xs:mixedType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name=”NEG” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xasí” minOccurs=”0”/>

<xs:complexType name=”SubjectPronoun”/>

<xs:complexType name=”TenseAspect”/>

<xs:complexType name=”ObjectPronoun” minOccurs=”0” maxOccurs=”2”/>

<xs:element name=”VerbRoot” type=”xs:string”/>

<xs: complexType name=”DerivSuff” minOccurs=”0” maxOccurs=”3”/>

<xs:complexType name=” TenseAspect2”/>

<xs:complexType name=”Mode” type=”xs:string” default=”a”/>

/xs:sequence>

</xs:mixedType>

</xs:complexType>

(NEG) + SP + T/A(NEG) + SP + T/A ++ (OP) + Root + (DS + (DS2 + (DS3))) + (ASP) + Mode(OP) + Root + (DS + (DS2 + (DS3))) + (ASP) + Mode

morphologymorphology

<xs:complexType=”Morphology”>

<xs:mixedType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name=”NEG” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xasí” minOccurs=”0”/>

<xs:complexType name=”SubjectPronoun”/>

<xs:complexType name=”TenseAspect”/>

<xs:complexType name=”ObjectPronoun” minOccurs=”0” maxOccurs=”2”/>

<xs:element name=”VerbRoot” type=”xs:string”/>

<xs: complexType name=”DerivSuff” minOccurs=”0” maxOccurs=”3”/>

<xs:complexType name=” TenseAspect2”/>

<xs:complexType name=”FinalVowel” type=”xs:string” default=”a”/>

/xs:sequence>

</xs:mixedType>

</xs:complexType>

pronoun reviewpronoun review

VPSubj. Obj.


One more wrinkleOne more wrinkleVPSubj. Obj.


SP + Tense SP + Tense

1 + PHP 1 + RP

a + a a + á

One more wrinkleOne more wrinkleVPSubj. Obj.


THE SOLUTION

SP + Tense SP + Tense

9 + PHP 9 + RP

y + a y + á

Pronouns so far:Pronouns so far:

subject slot obligatory, object slot subject slot obligatory, object slot optionaloptional

morphological categories the same morphological categories the same for both w/ addition of for both w/ addition of REFLEXIVEREFLEXIVE for for object slot.object slot.

phonological forms of some same for phonological forms of some same for both slots, others differ depending on both slots, others differ depending on slot.slot.

Schema part 1: put consistent forms in group:Schema part 1: put consistent forms in group:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http:/ / www.w3.org/ 2001/ XMLSchema" xmlns:dc="http:/ / purl.org/ dc/ elements/ 1.1/ " xmlns:dcterms="http:/ / purl.org/ dc/ terms/ " xmlns="http:/ / www.language-archives.org/ OLAC/ 1.0/ " targetNamespace="http:/ / www.language-archives.org/ OLAC/ 1.0/ " elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="qualified"> <! – RegAgr GROUP !! The issue is: is the choice of form a factor of position when accessing the SET, or is it a factor of different SETS for each position (SM, OM)? Below: one set, different choices for different positions. -- >

<xs:complexType name=”Morphology”> <xs:complexContent> <xs:group name=”RegProAgr”> <xs:choice> <xs:element name=”1ps” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ndi”/> <xs:element name=”1pp” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xu”/> <xs:element name=”2pp” type=”xs:string” fixed=”mu”/> <xs:element name=”3ppClass2” type=”xs:string” fixed=”βa”/> <xs:element name=”Class3” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ku”/> <xs:element name=”Class4” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ki”/> <xs:element name=”Class5” type=”xs:string” fixed=”li”/> <xs:element name=”Class6” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ka”/> <xs:element name=”Class7” type=”xs:string” fixed=”si”/> <xs:element name=”Class8” type=”xs:string” fixed=”βi”/> <xs:element name=”Class11(10)” type=”xs:string” fixed=”lu”/> <xs:element name=”Class12dim.” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xa”/> <xs:element name=”Class14(6)abstract” type=”xs:string” fixed=”βu”/> <xs:element name=”Class15(6)inf.” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xu”/> <xs:element name=”Class16‘at’” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ha”/> <xs:element name=”Class17‘on’” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xu”/> <xs:element name=”Class18‘into’” type=”xs:string” fixed=”mu”/> <xs:element name=”Class20(4)aug.” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ku”/> </xs:choice> </xs:group>

Schema part two: Subject Pronoun slotSchema part two: Subject Pronoun slot

<xs:sequence> <xs:complexType name=”SubjectPronoun”> <xs:complexContent> <xs:sequence> <xs:complexType name=”ThetaRole”> <xs:choice> <xs:element name=”Agent” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Agent”/> <xs:element name=”PatientSubj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Patient”/> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name=”SubjectAgree”> <xs:choice> <xs:group ref=”RegProAgr”> <xs:element name=”2psSubj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”o”> <xs:element name=”3psClass1Subj”> <xs:complexType> <xs:choice> <xs:element name=”Class1Subj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”a”/> <xs:element name=”Class9Subj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”yi”/> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name=”Class9Subj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”yi”/> <xs:element name=”Class10Subj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”chi”/> <xs:element name=”Class13Subj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”tu”/> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>

Schema part two: Object Pronoun slotSchema part two: Object Pronoun slot<! – OBJECT AGREEMENT-- >

<xs:complexType name=”ObjectPronoun” minOccurs=”0” maxOccurs=”2”> <xs:complexContent> <xs:sequence> <xs:complexType name=”ThetaRole”> <xs:choice> <xs:element name=”Agent” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Agent”/> <xs:element name=”Patient” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Patient”/> <xs:element name=”Benefactive” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Benefactive”/> <xs:element name=”Reflexive” type=”xs:string” fixed=”Reflexive”/> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> <xs: complexType name=”ObjProAgr”> <xs:choice> <xs:element name=”2psObj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”xu”/> <xs:element name=”3psClass1Obj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”mu”/> <xs:group ref=”RegProAgr”/> <xs:element name=” Class9Obj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”i”/> <xs:element name=” Class10Obj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”tsi”/> <xs:element name=” Class13Obj” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ru”/> <xs:element name=”Reflexive” type=”xs:string” fixed=”ne”/> </xs:choice> </xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>

</xs:sequence> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>

SummarySummary

The following devices in Schema The following devices in Schema capture the patterns in the pronoun capture the patterns in the pronoun system of a natural language:system of a natural language:

group (ref)group (ref) sequencesequence choicechoice MinOccurs / MaxOccursMinOccurs / MaxOccurs

BenefitsBenefits

Hoped for:Hoped for: migratable, extensible, best practicemigratable, extensible, best practice data structure includes all detailsdata structure includes all details entry contains no non-present informationentry contains no non-present information

Unanticipated:Unanticipated: constraints on model reflect constraints on constraints on model reflect constraints on

domaindomain could easily be configured to generate URcould easily be configured to generate UR

TO DO (LEARN)TO DO (LEARN)

convert Schema to XSLT.convert Schema to XSLT. learn programming to have TENSE learn programming to have TENSE

specification access SP, if Class 1, specification access SP, if Class 1, then Class 9, and also to then Class 9, and also to automatically insert Aspect automatically insert Aspect specification when applicable.specification when applicable.

TO BE DONE: Bantu terminologyTO BE DONE: Bantu terminology

DS: derivational suffix, radical DS: derivational suffix, radical extension, thematic extension, extension, thematic extension, extension, thematic...extension, thematic...

APP: applied, applicative, directional, APP: applied, applicative, directional, prepositional...prepositional...

From other fields:From other fields:

KEVIN: Computers and Writing, an annual KEVIN: Computers and Writing, an annual conference in our field. Two of the keynotes, conference in our field. Two of the keynotes, Nancy Kaplan and Stuart Moulthrop, both hit on Nancy Kaplan and Stuart Moulthrop, both hit on this point, although not XML specifically. They this point, although not XML specifically. They used "code" as a trope for "know how to do used "code" as a trope for "know how to do everything yourself," which includes the literal everything yourself," which includes the literal code. Sort of a Zen and Motorcycle Maintenance code. Sort of a Zen and Motorcycle Maintenance kind of argument, but also an argument that, as kind of argument, but also an argument that, as people who teach "writing," we should quit people who teach "writing," we should quit arguing that the "writing" is separate from the arguing that the "writing" is separate from the code. If we want to control all aspects of code. If we want to control all aspects of "writing," that is going to include the code. "writing," that is going to include the code.

the bantu verb phrase morphology (variables) rampant

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