The AtomThe Atom

ChemistryChemistry

Vocabulary and notesVocabulary and notes

Vocabulary - 1Vocabulary - 1

ElementElement--substance that cannot be substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by broken down into other substances by chemical/physical meanschemical/physical means

Atomic number-Atomic number-number of number of protons in nucleusprotons in nucleus

Atomic mass unit (amu)Atomic mass unit (amu)-unit -unit used to measure particles in atomsused to measure particles in atoms

Valence electronValence electron-electrons -electrons located fartherest away from nucleuslocated fartherest away from nucleus

Chemical bond-Chemical bond- force that holds force that holds chemicals togetherchemicals together

ATOMATOM

Atom notesAtom notes

Nucleus-core of atom, made of proton (+), Nucleus-core of atom, made of proton (+), neutronsneutronsAtom neutral when protons = electrons (-)Atom neutral when protons = electrons (-)Atomic number =‘s number of protonsAtomic number =‘s number of protonsAMU measures particles in atomAMU measures particles in atomElectrons roam around nucleus in Electrons roam around nucleus in electronic cloud – are in constant motionelectronic cloud – are in constant motionProtons have almost 2000 times as much Protons have almost 2000 times as much mass as electronsmass as electrons

Atom notes cont.Atom notes cont.

Electrons attract protons in nearby atomsElectrons attract protons in nearby atomsAttraction forms moleculesAttraction forms moleculesMass =‘s protons + neutronsMass =‘s protons + neutrons11stst shell = 2 shell = 222ndnd shell =8 shell =833rdrd shell = 18 shell = 1844thth shell =32 shell =3255thth ,6 ,6thth,7,7thth have various amts., depending on type of have various amts., depending on type of molecule formed with max of 32, 18, and 2 respectivelymolecule formed with max of 32, 18, and 2 respectivelyMost of the atoms volume is the space where the Most of the atoms volume is the space where the electrons moveelectrons move

Valence ElectronsValence Electrons

Are the electrons that are Are the electrons that are fartherest away from the fartherest away from the nucleusnucleusDetermines many Determines many properties of the atom properties of the atom and therefore of the and therefore of the elementelementForms chemical bonds Forms chemical bonds with other atomswith other atomsCan range from 1 to 8Can range from 1 to 8Are represented by an Are represented by an electron dot diagramelectron dot diagram

                                                

Modeling Atoms – Lab ___Modeling Atoms – Lab ___Question – What can we learn about atoms by studying different Question – What can we learn about atoms by studying different

models of them?models of them?

Hypothesis- Hypothesis-

Materials - different colored dots (3 colors)Materials - different colored dots (3 colors) 3 pipe cleaners 3 pipe cleaners different colored beads (3 colors)different colored beads (3 colors) periodic table periodic table

clear plastic wrapclear plastic wrap clear plastic ball clear plastic ball clay clay

Procedure – Procedure – 1. You will need to refer to your periodic table to complete this lab.1. You will need to refer to your periodic table to complete this lab.2 Find the element carbon on the periodic table. Using your colored 2 Find the element carbon on the periodic table. Using your colored

dots create a model of a carbon atom in data table 1. Be sure dots create a model of a carbon atom in data table 1. Be sure to include a legend telling which color represents the protons, to include a legend telling which color represents the protons, electron, and neutrons. electron, and neutrons.

Modeling Atoms cont.Modeling Atoms cont.

3. Now find the element nitrogen on the periodic table. Using 3. Now find the element nitrogen on the periodic table. Using the the pipe cleaners and beads construct a 3-D model of a pipe cleaners and beads construct a 3-D model of a

nitrogen atom. Glue this model in to data table 2, nitrogen atom. Glue this model in to data table 2, remembering to provide a legend for the bead color.remembering to provide a legend for the bead color.4. Next you will be constructing a model of the element boron using 4. Next you will be constructing a model of the element boron using

the clay and the clear plastic ball. Decide which colors of the clay and the clear plastic ball. Decide which colors of clay clay will represent the parts of the nucleus and which will will represent the parts of the nucleus and which will represent represent the electrons. the electrons. 5. Wrap the nucleus in the clear plastic wrap and suspend it 5. Wrap the nucleus in the clear plastic wrap and suspend it between the 2 hemispheres of the plastic ball. This allow the between the 2 hemispheres of the plastic ball. This allow the nucleus to hang suspended down the center when the ball is nucleus to hang suspended down the center when the ball is put put back together. Now place the clay electrons on the outside back together. Now place the clay electrons on the outside surface of the plastic sphere.surface of the plastic sphere.

Data Table 1 Data Table 2

Modeling Atoms cont.Modeling Atoms cont.

Results – Results –

Conclusion – Conclusion – 1. How was the first model different from the second model? How 1. How was the first model different from the second model? How was it the same? was it the same? 2. How was the third model different from the first two? In what way 2. How was the third model different from the first two? In what way

was it the same?was it the same?3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each model?3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each model?4. How was the periodic table helpful in making the models?4. How was the periodic table helpful in making the models?5. Why is it helpful for a scientist to build models such as these?5. Why is it helpful for a scientist to build models such as these?6. What do these models show? What do they not show?6. What do these models show? What do they not show?7. What will happen to our models if we learn something new about 7. What will happen to our models if we learn something new about

atoms?atoms?

ExtensionsExtensions

Activities and LabsActivities and Labs

Activities and LabsActivities and Labs

Crossword puzzle w/ vocabularyCrossword puzzle w/ vocabulary

Seek and find puzzle w/ vocabularySeek and find puzzle w/ vocabulary

Lab - Atomic ModelsLab - Atomic Models

Lab – Pepper Picker UpperLab – Pepper Picker Upper