the anatomy of domesticated animals objective: identify the major bones, muscles and internal organs...
TRANSCRIPT
The Anatomy of Domesticated Animals
Objective: Identify the major bones, muscles and internal organs of livestock.
The Skeletal System
Bony tissueFramework for the animals bodyThe size and shape of animals is determined by the skeleton
The Skeletal System
Functions:Protection for vital organsServes as levers for movementStorage site for mineralsSite for blood formation
The Skeletal System
Parts or layers of bone:PeriosteumCompact boneBone MarrowCartilage
The Skeletal System
PeriosteumThe fibrous sheath that covers bones. It contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone.
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System
Compact bonehoneycombedpassages for blood vessels and nervesbony tissue
calciumphosphorus
The Skeletal System
Bone marrowgelatinousYellow marrow
mostly fat
Red marrowred blood cellswhite blood cellsplatelets
The Skeletal System
Bone Marrow Cells
The Skeletal System
Types of boneLong bone- leg, arm, fingersShort bone- kneeFlat bone (blade bones)- skull, jaw bone, scapula (shoulder blade)Irregular bone- backbone or vertebrae
The Skeletal System
JointsHinge- elbowGliding- joints in the wristBall and socket- hip jointPivotal- base of the skull
The Skeletal System
Parts of the skeletal systemAxial SkeletonPectoral LimbPelvic Limb
The Skeletal System
Axial Skeletonvertebral columnribssternumskull
Bison Axial Skeleton
The Skeletal System
Pectoral Limbfront limbs including shoulderfront legs and feet (cows, pigs, goats, horses)
scapula- shoulder bladehumerus- armradius and ulna- fore armcarpals, metacarpals, phalanges- toes
The Skeletal System
Pelvic Limbrear legs and hookspinbonesfemer (upper leg bone)tibia and fibula (lower leg bones)tarsals (hocks)metatarsals and phalanges (feet and toes)
The Muscular System
Function:locomotion or movementlife support
gathering foodreproductionsimple body functions
The Muscular System
Structure of muscles:consist of mostly proteinfound in bundles or sheetsconnected to bones by tendons
The Muscular System
Classification of muscles:VoluntaryInvoluntary
The lean portion of animals carcass is what is used for food (muscles)
The Muscular System
VoluntaryUnder control of the animals willAll are straited (striped)Flexor- decreases the angle between two bones (biceps)Extensor- opposite side and increases the angle of two bones (triceps)
The Muscular System
InvoluntaryNot under the control of the animals free willHeartSecretory organs- force out secretionsDigestive system- movement of foodRespiratory systemSmoothed or straited
The Circulatory System
Parts:heartveinscapillariesarterieslymph vesselslymph glands
The Circulatory System
Heart- pumps blood to all body partsVascular system:
arteries carry oxygen rich blood to all parts of the bodycapillaries connect arteries to veins
tiny thin walled passagewayssemipermeable membrane
veins bring blood back to the heart and lungs
The Circulatory System
The Lymphatic Systemaccessory systemlymph vessels pick up fluids and gasses in body tissue lymph glands filter foreign substances from entering the bloodstream
scattered throughout the body
The Circulatory System
Lymph Glandsproduce antibodies and lymphocytes
fights disease and infection
become enlarged or swollen when infection is presentnamed for their specific area of the body
mandibular gland located under the mandible
The Circulatory System
Functions of the circulatory system:distribution of nutrientstransportation and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxideremoval of waste materialsdistribution of endocrine secretionsprevent infectionregulate body temperature
The Circulatory System
Functions of the circulatory system continued:
distribution of endocrine secretionsprevent infectionregulation of body temperature
The Respiratory System
Parts:lungsnostrilsnasal cavitypharynxlarynxtrachea
The Respiratory System
Functions:Provides Oxygen to tissueRemoves Carbon DioxideControls temperature
why does a dog’s tong hang out
Noise production
The Nervous System
Parts:Central Nervous System
brainspinal cord
Peripheral Nervous Systemsomatic nervesautonomic nerves
The Nervous System
Functions:Coordinates the physical movement of the bodyResponds to hearing, sight, touch, smell, and taste
The Nervous System
Somatic nerveslocated outside of the central nervous systemcontrols the function of body tissue other than organs
The Nervous System
Autonomic nervesoutside of the central nervous systemcontrols and regulates involuntary organs inside internal organs
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
Partspancreaspituitary glandovariestesticlesthyroid glandhypothalamusadrenal gland
The Endocrine System
Functions:controls growthreproductive functions
heatlactationbirth
shape of the animalfeed efficiency
The Endocrine System
Assignment:
Using the posters constructed by your classmates, build a 15 question multiple choice test from the information outlined in the posters. You should also keep an answer key for your test. Once you finish your test hold on to it and we will give someone the chance to see how much they know.