MUSCULAR MUSCULAR SYSTEMSYSTEM

General InformationGeneral InformationMuscles account for 50% of body weightMuscles account for 50% of body weightProtects organsProtects organs– What organs?What organs?

Gives body shape and postureGives body shape and postureProvides movementProvides movement– Muscles contract to cause the movementMuscles contract to cause the movement

How many muscles in human body?How many muscles in human body?– Over 600 musclesOver 600 muscles

Changes potential energy into kinetic energyChanges potential energy into kinetic energy– POTENTIAL ENERGY- POTENTIAL ENERGY- is energy that is is energy that is storedstored within within

an object (in this case our muscles), not in an object (in this case our muscles), not in motion but motion but capablecapable of becoming active of becoming active

– KINETIC ENERGY - energy in KINETIC ENERGY - energy in motionmotion

Parts of the muscleParts of the muscleOriginOrigin– The less movable of the two The less movable of the two

attachmentsattachments

BellyBelly– The fleshy center part of the muscleThe fleshy center part of the muscle

InsertionInsertion– The more movable attachmentThe more movable attachment– Where movement takes placeWhere movement takes place

PicturePicture

TENDONS ATTACH MUSCLETENDONS ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONESS TO BONES

TYPES OF MUSCLETYPES OF MUSCLEVOLUNTARYVOLUNTARY– Muscles that you have control overMuscles that you have control over– Skeletal Skeletal

INVOLUNTARYINVOLUNTARY– Can contract without you telling it to Can contract without you telling it to - The brain mainly controls these types of The brain mainly controls these types of

movementsmovements– SmoothSmooth

CARDIACCARDIAC– HeartHeart

Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle

Help control breathing, blood Help control breathing, blood pressure, and the movements of the pressure, and the movements of the digestive systemdigestive system

Reacts slowlyReacts slowly

Tires slowlyTires slowly

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

Also is an involuntary muscleAlso is an involuntary muscle

Hardest working muscle in bodyHardest working muscle in body

Contraction of cardiac muscle fibers Contraction of cardiac muscle fibers make the heart beatmake the heart beat

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleAssociated with the bones of the bodyAssociated with the bones of the bodyMoves the skeleton (bones)Moves the skeleton (bones)FastFast and and powerfulpowerful movements movementsTire Tire quicklyquicklyComposition of skeletal muscleComposition of skeletal muscle– FiberFiber: individual muscle cell, can be up to 1 : individual muscle cell, can be up to 1

foot long.foot long.– BundleBundle: a group of muscle fibers: a group of muscle fibers– Skeletal muscle is made up of a group of Skeletal muscle is made up of a group of

bundlesbundles

Action of Skeletal MusclesAction of Skeletal MusclesMuscles work by Muscles work by contractingcontracting (shortening) (shortening)

Muscles always work in Muscles always work in pairspairs..– Ex: Ex: BicepsBiceps and and TricepsTriceps

One One contractscontracts while other while other extendsextends

Skeletal muscles contract only when they Skeletal muscles contract only when they receive a message from a receive a message from a nervenerve to do so. to do so.– Nerves message is carried from brain and Nerves message is carried from brain and

spinal cord to musclespinal cord to muscle

Action (ALL or NONE)Action (ALL or NONE)

No such thing as a weak or strong No such thing as a weak or strong contraction of a muscle fibercontraction of a muscle fiber

When a muscle fiber receives a When a muscle fiber receives a message to contract it does somessage to contract it does so

Strength of muscle contraction Strength of muscle contraction depends on how many muscle fibers depends on how many muscle fibers receive the message to contractreceive the message to contract

Major Muscles and What They MoveMajor Muscles and What They Move1.1. SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid

Turns headTurns head2.2. DeltoidDeltoid

Raises upper armRaises upper arm3.3. PectoralsPectorals

Moves arms across chestMoves arms across chest4.4. BicepsBiceps

Raises lower armRaises lower arm5.5. Rectus abdonimisRectus abdonimis

Flexes torsoFlexes torso6.6. External obliquesExternal obliques

Assists in breathingAssists in breathing7.7. QuadricepsQuadriceps

Straightens and raises legStraightens and raises leg

Major Muscles and What They MoveMajor Muscles and What They Move

8.8. TrapeziusTrapeziusRaises shoulderRaises shoulder

9.9. Latissimus DorsiLatissimus DorsiLowers upper armLowers upper arm

10.10. TricepsTricepsLowers ForearmLowers Forearm

11.11. Gluteus MaximusGluteus MaximusExtends thighExtends thigh

12.12. HamstringsHamstringsBends leg at kneeBends leg at knee

13.13. GastrocnemiusGastrocnemiusExtends or lowers footExtends or lowers foot

How do your muscles getHow do your muscles get BIGGER?!?!BIGGER?!?!

Discuss with your partner next to you Discuss with your partner next to you the following question:the following question:– How do your muscles get bigger?How do your muscles get bigger?

BIGGER MUSCLES (continued)BIGGER MUSCLES (continued)

When you work out your muscles When you work out your muscles cells (muscle fibers) get biggercells (muscle fibers) get bigger

They get bigger by creating small They get bigger by creating small “tears” in the muscle fiber“tears” in the muscle fiber

Your muscle rebuilds muscle in the Your muscle rebuilds muscle in the tear filling in the open gaptear filling in the open gap

Rep RangeRep Range Percent of 1 Percent of 1 Rep MaxRep Max

Goal Goal DesiredDesired

1-5 reps1-5 reps 85% - 100%85% - 100% Strength and Strength and PowerPower

6-86-8 75% - 85%75% - 85% StrengthStrength

9-129-12 70% - 75%70% - 75% Some Strength Some Strength and some and some muscle muscle enduranceendurance

13-20 +13-20 + 60% - 70%60% - 70% Muscle Muscle Endurance and Endurance and Little Muscle Little Muscle StrengthStrength

Group DiscussionGroup Discussion

If you were to work out and have big If you were to work out and have big muscles and then one day stop muscles and then one day stop working out, do your muscles turn working out, do your muscles turn into fat? Explain why they do or why into fat? Explain why they do or why they do not.they do not.

Problems of the Muscular SystemProblems of the Muscular System

Torn MuscleTorn Muscle– Muscle has been torn or pulled away from the Muscle has been torn or pulled away from the

bone or has been damaged within itselfbone or has been damaged within itself– Results from overworking muscle or a severe Results from overworking muscle or a severe

or suddenly pull or strain on a muscleor suddenly pull or strain on a muscle– May require surgery and takes up to 3-4 May require surgery and takes up to 3-4

months to healmonths to heal

Muscle StrainMuscle StrainAny type of soreness that develops in a muscle Any type of soreness that develops in a muscle because of overuse. It is caused by small tears because of overuse. It is caused by small tears to the muscle or tendon to the muscle or tendon

Takes anywhere from 1-3 weeks to healTakes anywhere from 1-3 weeks to heal

Problems of the Muscular SystemProblems of the Muscular SystemCramped MuscleCramped Muscle– Muscle will involuntarily remain contracted rather than Muscle will involuntarily remain contracted rather than

relaxedrelaxed– Prevention: Prevention:

Stretching before and after activityStretching before and after activityHydrate (H20 and electrolytes)Hydrate (H20 and electrolytes)Avoid excessive exercise in hot weatherAvoid excessive exercise in hot weather

– Remedies: Remedies: Stretch, rest, and more H20 Stretch, rest, and more H20

Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy– group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle

weakness and loss of muscle tissueweakness and loss of muscle tissue– Occurs because bodies inability to produce proteins for Occurs because bodies inability to produce proteins for

muscle productionmuscle production– No cure but ways to better lives of people with disorderNo cure but ways to better lives of people with disorder– Genetic DisorderGenetic Disorder

STEROIDSSTEROIDS

How Do Anabolic Steroids WorkHow Do Anabolic Steroids Work??– Anabolic steroids are drugs that resemble the Anabolic steroids are drugs that resemble the

chemical structure of the body's natural sex chemical structure of the body's natural sex hormone hormone testosteronetestosterone, which is made naturally , which is made naturally by the body. by the body.

– Testosterone directs the body to produce or Testosterone directs the body to produce or enhance male characteristics such as increased enhance male characteristics such as increased muscle massmuscle mass, facial hair growth, and deepening , facial hair growth, and deepening of the voice, and is an important part of male of the voice, and is an important part of male development during puberty.development during puberty.

– When anabolic steroids increase the levels of When anabolic steroids increase the levels of testosterone in the blood, they stimulate muscle testosterone in the blood, they stimulate muscle tissue in the body to grow larger and stronger. tissue in the body to grow larger and stronger.

– However, the effects of too much testosterone However, the effects of too much testosterone circulating in the body can be harmful over timecirculating in the body can be harmful over time ..

DANGERS OF ANABOLIC DANGERS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDSSTEROIDS

PhysicalPhysicalStart to develop Start to develop traits of the opposite traits of the opposite sexsexOily SkinOily SkinSevere AcneSevere AcneHeart ProblemsHeart ProblemsProblems with:Problems with:

– LiverLiver– KidneyKidney– MusclesMuscles– Bones Bones

Mental/EmotionalMental/Emotional– Mentally AddictingMentally Addicting– DepressionDepression– SuicideSuicide– Roid RageRoid Rage

When a person When a person becomes extremely becomes extremely violent and violent and aggressiveaggressive

– Self AbsorbedSelf AbsorbedDon’t care about Don’t care about anyone or anything anyone or anything elseelse

Taking Care of Your MusclesTaking Care of Your Muscles

NutritionNutrition– Eat a variety of foodsEat a variety of foods

Aerobic ExerciseAerobic Exercise– Running, swimming, cyclingRunning, swimming, cycling

Strength TrainingStrength Training– Weight LiftingWeight Lifting

StretchingStretching– Before and after exerciseBefore and after exercise

BMIBMI

BMI CalculatorBMI Calculator

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