Copyright © 2015 AGFORWARD

European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613520

The AGFORWARD project Paul J. Burgess Co-ordinator of the AGFORWARD project Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK. p.burgess@cranfield.ac.uk 12 September 2015 Presentation at Agroforestry Event at EXPO2015: Agroforestry: Sustainably Feeding the Planet and Providing Energy

The Aim

Aim: To promote AGroFORestry practices in Europe that Will Advance Rural Development

Partners

1. Cranfield University 14 Aarhus University 2. European Forest

Institute 15 AFBI

3 ACTA 16 CREA 4 University of Santiago

de Compostela 17 Louis Bolk Institute

5 TEI Stereas Elladas 18 CNR 6 INRA 19 NYME 7 Organic Research

Centre 20 Universitatea Babes-

Bolyai 8 BTU Cottbus 21 Veneto Agricoltura 9 Universidad de

Extremadura 22 Agroof

10 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisbon

23 APCA

11 University of Copenhagen

24 Association Française d’AgroForesterie

12 Research Station FDEA-ART Zurich

25 World Agroforestry Centre

13 Wervel vzw 26 European Agroforestry Federation

1. To understand the context and extent of agroforestry

in Europe

2. To identify, develop and field-test agroforestry

innovations by working with farmers

3. To evaluate agroforestry innovations at field, farm

and landscape scales

4. To promote agroforestry through policy development

and dissemination

Objectives

1. Context and extent of agroforestry

Initial analysis of the extent of

European agroforestry based

on a literature review

den Herder, M., Burgess, P.J, Mosquera-Losada,

M.R., Herzog, F., Hartel, T., Upson, M.,

Viholainen, I. and Rosati, A. (2015). Preliminary

stratification and quantification of agroforestry in

Europe. Milestone Report 1.1 for EU FP7

Research Project: AGFORWARD 613520. 53 pp

Literature review: extent of “high nature and cultural value” agroforestry

Practice Country Extent (ha) Source

Dehesa Spain 3,606,151 Ministerio de Agricultura,

Alimentación y Medio

Ambiente 2008

Oak montado Portugal 1,059,000 Inventário Florestal Nacional

2013a

Other

Mediterranean

Greece, Italy,

Portugal, Spain

2,296,846 Castro 2009; Papanastasis et

al. 2009, Pardini 2009

Other wood

pasture in

continental

Europe

Germany, Austria,

Switzerland, Italy,

Hungary, Sweden,

Finland

387,639 Glaser and Hauke 2004; Greif

1992; Herzog 1998; Bölöni et

al. 2008, Pardini 2009,

Statistics Sweden 2013, Vainio

et al. 2001

Wood pasture

and parklands

UK 15,000 Maddock 2008 (10,000-

20,000)

Sub-total 7,364,636

Montado and goat grazing in Portugal,

photo by João HN Palma.

Ancient oak-dominated wood-pasture

from southern Transylvania, photo by

Tibor Hartel

den Herder et al. 2015

Practice Country Extent (ha) Source

Streuobst Germany,

Switzerland, Austria,

Croatia, Romania,

Poland, Czech Rep

904,412 Eichhorn et al. 2006;

Herzog 1998

Pré-vergers France 151,000 Ducros et al. 2005

Other

orchard

systems

Denmark, Italy,

Spain, Greece,

Portugal

146,303 Statistics Denmark

2013; Cullotta et al.

1999; Papanastasis

et al. 2009; INE

2002; Anuario

Vegetal 2006

Agroforestry

with olives,

vines,

chestnut,

citrus and

carob

1,553,625

Traditional

orchards

UK 25,350 Robertson et al. 2010

Sub-total 2,780,492

Sweet cherry and vegetables in Switzerland (Felix

Herzog)

Olive trees intercropped in Lesvos, Greece, by

Vasileios Papanastasis

Literature review: extent of agroforestry with high value trees

den Herder et al. 2015

Country Estimated area

covered by

agroforestry (ha)

Utilised

agricultural

area (ha)

Estimated agroforestry

area as a proportion of

UAA (%)

Austria 48,564 2,863,583 1.7%

Belgium 12,400 1,358,020 0.9%

Croatia 64,456 1,300,000 5.0%

Czech Republic 9,277 3,525,889 0.3%

Denmark 3,242 2,664,000 0.1%

Finland1 7,320 2,285,200 0.3%

France 510,130 29,000,829 1.8%

Germany 480,500 16,667,300 2.9%

Greece 2,096,688 4,150,990 50.5%

Hungary 22,815 5,338,015 0.4%

Italy 967,038 13,133,855 7.4%

Netherlands 3,000 1,841,600 0.2%

Poland 200,000 14,529,400 1.4%

Portugal 1,842,320 3,597,979 51.2%

Romania 180,105 13,733,143 1.3%

Slovakia 92 1,927,000 0.0%

Slovenia 185 480,000 0.0%

Spain 3,839,949 23,463,115 16.4%

Sweden 100,000 3,031,500 3.3%

Switzerland 97,312 1,051,630 9.3%

UK 157,524 17,172,000 0.9%

Total 10,642,917 164,473,028 6.5%

Literature review: extent of agroforestry

The literature review

indicated about

10.6 million hectares of

agroforestry.

This is about 6.5% of

the agricultural area

Largest areas reported

in Spain, Greece,

Portugal and Italy

den Herder et al. 2015

Land cover surveys: extent of agroforestry

Country Wood pasture area (ha)

Proportion of total area

Spain 5,809,600 11.7

France 2,104,900 3.7 Romania 1,699,000 7.2

Italy 1,514,500 5.3 Portugal 1,455,300 16.4 Greece 1,345,400 10.1

Bulgaria 1,144,800 10.3 UK 799,800 3.3

Germany 559,100 1.6 Sweden 525,600 1.2 Poland 474,600 1.5

Ireland 352,100 5.1 Lithuania 227,500 3.5

Hungary 216,600 2.3 Rest of EU27 875,200 1.1 EU-27 20,336,700 4.7

Extent of wood-pastures including pastures with spare trees (density of tree cover > 5%) and pastures with cultivated trees across Europe derived from the LUCAS database (Plieninger et al. 2015).

We are now comparing the results from the literature review with those from the European Land Use and Land Cover Survey (LUCAS). Tobias Plieninger and others have recently published an estimate of 20 million hectares of wood pastures, equivalent to 5% of the total land area

2. Innovation through participation

Established 40 agroforestry stakeholder groups across Europe 800+ farmers and other stakeholders

Other systems • Oak wood pasture in Sardinia, Italy • Silvopastoral systems with oak, Greece • Bocage agroforestier, Bretagne, France • Wood pasture, UK • Agroforestry in the Spreewald floodplain,

Germany • Wood pasture, Hungary • Wood pasture, Transylvania in Romania

Research focused on: • tree regeneration, • evaluation of triticale cultivars • rotational grazing, • understorey management, • invisible fencing, • carbon sequestration, • biodiversity, • social attitudes to wood pasture

Dehesa, Spain and Montado, Portugal

Agroforestry with reindeer, Sweden

Agroforestry of high nature and cultural value

Other systems • Intercropping oranges in Crete, • Chestnut agroforestry, Galicia, Spain • Intercropping and grazing of walnut

plantations in Spain • Intercropping of olives in Greece • “Bordure” trees in France

Agroforestry with high value trees

Intercropping and grazing of olive systems in Italy

Grazed orchards in England, Northern Ireland, and France

Research focused on: • Grazing of orchards with Shropshire sheep

in France and England • intercropping of olives with asparagus,

flowers, barley, chickpea, and oregano in Italy.

• New chestnut varieties and methods of tree protection in Spain

• Use of legumes in walnut plantations, and the impact of pollarding wild cherry

Other systems • Trees in arable systems in Greece and

Switzerland • Alley cropping, Hungary • Silvoarable agroforestry in France • Silvoarable agroforestry in UK • Alley cropping in Germany

Integrating trees into arable systems

Poplar and oaks in arable crops in Italy

Mediterranean regions of France

Research focused on: • Appraisal of 40 year walnut silvoarable system • Comparison of open-grown ash trees with

those found in hedgerows • Arable crop yields between oaks and poplar,

relative to controls • Use of medicinal plants between wild cherry

trees. • Plant breeding for agroforestry-adapted wheat

in France and UK • Effect on weed development and understorey

management

Other systems • Agroforestry with free-range pigs in Italy,

Denmark and Spain • Agroforestry for poultry in the Netherlands

and Denmark • Fodder trees for goats and sheep in the

Netherlands

Integrating trees into livestock systems

Poultry agroforestry in the UK

Agroforestry with ruminants, France

Research focused on: • Synthesis of best practice • Poultry and fruit growers working together. • Nutrient leaching in Netherlands • Pig welfare in the Netherlands and Italy • Use of the Morus species as fodder for pigs. • Feed value of different tree species (France,

Netherlands, UK, and Denmark). • Analysis of trees with dairy cows in France,

and with beef cattle in the UK • Effect of trees on grass production; shade-

tolerant swards that survive beneath trees

Developed research protocols

Each group has developed a protocol, available on the AGFORWARD website. About 20-30% of the interventions are being addressed by a clearer assessment of the inputs and outputs of the systems using biophysical and economic models

3. Tree and crop yield analysis

We are using a parameter-sparse biophysical model called Yield-SAFE to describe tree, grass and arable yields on a daily time-step in different combinations (van der Werf et al, 2007)

A more detailed 3-D model called Hi-sAFe has also been developed by INRA

A spreadsheet model to integrate the results of the biophysical model with data on costs, values, and grants, and discount rates

3. Financial analysis using Farm-SAFE

Plot management (i.e. crop rotation, date)

Weather data

Tree parameters

Crop parameters

Soil parameters

Yield-SAFE Biophysical model (daily time-step)

Tree yield

Crop yield

Agroforestry yields

Forestry yields

Arable yields

Plot management (i.e. discount rate, labour cost)

Crop revenue and costs

Tree revenue and costs

Grants

Farm-SAFE Economic model (annual time-step)

Summary of outputs

Case study 1: Woodland eggs in the UK (Burgess et al., 2014)

Supermarket Free-range Woodland Aldi 1.00 1.19 Morrisons 1.39 1.59

UK consumers are willing to pay a

premium of £0.20 for six woodland eggs

in two supermarkets

UK egg packers are willing to give a price

premium of £0.01 for six woodland eggs

compared to “free-range” (IGD, 2008)

At least 3% of the UK market are woodland

eggs: price (£ per six eggs) of free range

and woodland eggs (source: retailers’

websites, April 2014)

4. Policy analysis and dissemination

Italian

Newsletter

www.facebook.com/AgforwardProject

Conclusions

• AGFORWARD (www.agforward.eu) is working with 40

stakeholder groups (800 farmers and other

stakeholders) to promote trees in agriculture in Europe

• Some initial analysis from land use cover data indicates

that agroforestry occupies about 5% of the total land

area of Europe.

• We are using financial and economic tools to determine

which practices work

• Join us at https://www.facebook.com/AgforwardProject

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AGFORWARD (Grant Agreement N° 613520) is co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Research & Innovation, within the 7th Framework Programme of RTD. The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are purely those of the writers and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission.

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