THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONMID-VICTORIAN EXPANSION

AND THE WORLD

• Ottoman Empire– Egypt

• India

• China

Ottoman Loss of Territories

Ottoman Empire

• Growing trade• Attacks by Russia• French occupation of Egypt (1798) Algeria

(1830)• Free Trade Treaty (1838)• Domestic Reform• Serbian Uprising (1804), Greek Revolution

(1821), Egyptian Revolt (1831, 1838) • Bankruptcy (1876)

1569 1850

TOPKAPI DOLMABAHCE

Egypt

• Napoleon 1798 • Mehmed Ali (1805-1848)• Revolt against the Ottomans

– 1831-1833, 1838-1840

• Reforms under M. Ali and his sons• Suez Canal (1869)

– Ferdinand De Lesseps– Purchased by Britain in 1875

• Bankrupt, occupied by Britain 1882

Mehmed Ali

Ferdinand De Lesepps

Suez Canal

India

• Decline of the Mughal Empire• Battle of the Plassey (1757)• British colonial rule, Phase I (1757-1857)

– East India Company– British bureaucracy, British law, colonial tax– Undermining of Indian textiles

• Barred from British markets• Duty free imports from Britain• Forced conversion of fields

– Make India like Britain– Sepoy Army and Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858)

• British colonial rule, Phase II (1857-1948)– End of Company rule, beginnings of rule by proxy

Mughal Empire

CHINA AND BRITAIN

EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES

From Ming to Qing

• Qing Trade Policies– No government support– No foreign travel– Restrictions on foreign merchants– Co-hong system

• British Expeditions– James Flint (1759)– George Macartney (1792)

Lord George Macartney

From Ming to Qing

Macartney Expedition

Emperor Qianlong

• Opium Wars– Chinese restrictions (1729, 1797, 1799)– Lin Zexu (1838)– First Opium War (1840-1842)

• Nanjing Treaty (1842)

– Second Opium War (1858-1860)

Nanjing Treaty (1842)

Palmerston

• Opium Wars– Chinese restrictions (1729, 1797, 1799)– Lin Zexu (1838)– First Opium War (1840-1842)

• Nanjing Treaty (1842)

– Second Opium War (1858-1860)

Second Opium War (1858-60)

Taiping Rebellion(1850-1868)

• Hong Xiuquan

• Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1850)

• Ever Victorious Army– Frederick Ward– General Gordon

Hong Xiuquan

Taiping Rebellion(1850-1868)

• Hong Xiuquan

• Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1850)

• Ever Victorious Army– Frederick Ward– General Gordon

Chinese Gordon Gordon Pasha (1864) (1883)