The Aftermath of the Civil War &

Reconstruction

SS8

What were the effects of the Civil War?

Warm Up:

Using your prior knowledge about the Bill of

Rights and the Constitution, list three (3)

rights given to US citizens before 1864.

13th Amendment

• December 6, 1865o Officially abolished slavery in the US

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,

except as a punishment for crime whereof

the party shall have been duly convicted,

shall exist within the United States, or any

place subject to their jurisdiction."

14th & 15th Amendments14th Amendment 15th Amendment

July 9, 1868

• Granted citizenship to

“all persons born or

naturalized in the

United States”

(including former

slaves)

February 3, 1870.

• Granted African

American men the right

to vote

With the war over, the

question remained….

• What would happen to the 13 Confederate

States of America?

o Lincoln wanted the states to reunite

o Lincoln granted a full PARDON to those who

pledged allegiance to the Union

o Some Southerners couldn’t let it go- they

thought the SOUTH WOULD RISE AGAIN!

Abraham Lincolnhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFRhfVFKcnY

• Re-elected in 1864

• John Wilkes Booth HATED Lincoln

• He planned to assassinate Lincoln, VP Johnson, and Secretary of State Seward

• April 14, 1865- Ford’s Theatero JWB a well-known actor entered the theater, snuck into Lincoln’s balcony box

and shot him in the head

o JWB jumped down and yelled “Sic semper tyrannis”- Thus always to tyrants

o Lincoln was carried across the street to the Petersen house where he died the next day

o Booth was found hiding in a barn and was shot and killed

o Conspirators with Booth were captured and hanged

http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-assassination/videos

American Lives

• An estimated 620,000-

800,000 Americans

were killed

• Devastated the

population

• Workers were lost

• Farms went under with

loss of owners

Freedom! Freedom?• Freedom DOESN’T mean

EQUALITYo Racism is EXTREME

o Jim Crow Laws- new set of laws diving the nation into Black and White

• Tennant Farming and Sharecroppingo Many former slaves only knew

how to farm so their job options were limited

• Exodus from the Southo Thousands of free blacks fled

from the South to Northern cities

o There weren’t many jobs or houses!

• Fight for Civil Rights begins

• 13th Amendment:

ended slavery

• 14th Amendment:

declared ALL people

born in the US will be

considered citizens

• 40 Acres and a Muleo The promise made to newly

freed African Americans

How did the US work to recover

after the Civil War?WARM UP:

o On a piece of paper, write a 3-5 sentence response to the

following quote:

"For we colored people did not know how to be free and the

white people did not know how to have a free colored

person about them.“ – Houston Hartsford Holloway, freeman

• In your own words, what is Mr. Holloway saying?

• How does this quote reflect on the difficulties

and struggles to unite individuals and the states after the Civil War?

Destruction• The Civil War was fought at

home

• Homes, businesses, and entire cities were destroyed

• The relationship between the North and South needed to be repaired

• The nation literally had to rebuild

• In the South…o The Government had to be

changedo Carpetbaggers- Northerners who

came into the South to buy cheap real estate

o Scalawags- Southerners who supported the Norths changes

ReconstructionWhat will be done when the war is over?

Reconstruction - The period following the

Civil War in which Congress passed laws

designed to rebuild the country and bring

the Southern states back into the Union.

Reconstruction Plans chart chart

10% Plan Wade-Davis Bill Johnson Plan Reconstruction Act

Proposed by

Conditions to rejoin the Union

Jigsaw Directions

• You will receive a description of one of the plans

• 1) Read your article

• 2) Complete your Plan’s column (5 minutes)

• 3) Jigsawo Partner up with another student who has a different plan than you

o Gather the information about their plan

o Repeat 2 more times

President Abraham Lincoln• Lincoln wanted the country to come back together

peacefully.

• Lincoln’s plan was created in 1863, about two years before the end of the war.

• At the time of his death, the war was just ending and he was not able to put his ideas into practice.

The Ten Percent Plan

• 10% of voters in the seceded states must swear loyalty under oath to the Union.

• The seceded states must abolish slavery.

Republicans in Congress• Wanted to be more strict with the States that had rebelled.

• Wanted a State to re-enter through a slower admission process.

Wade-Davis Bill

• The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States.

• The seceded states must abolish slavery.

• Former Confederate soldiers or volunteers cannot hold office or vote.

President Andrew Johnson• Wanted to be strict with the States that had rebelled,

but ended up making it relatively easy for them.

• Allowed for segregation of the races.

Johnson Plan

• The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must swear loyalty to the United States.

• Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 13th

Amendment.

• Former Confederate officials may hold office and vote.

Radical Republicans• Radical republicans, often abolitionists,

represented a large part of Congress.

• These Congressmen wanted to be strict with the

States that had rebelled.

• They also wanted to protect the newly freed slaves.Reconstruction Act• Formerly Confederate states must disband their state governments.• Formerly Confederate states must write new state constitutions. • Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 14th Amendment• Formerly Confederate states must allow African Americans to vote.

Reconstruction Plans chart10% Plan Wade-Davis Bill Johnson Plan Reconstruction

Act

Proposed byPresident Abraham Lincoln (1863)

Republicans in Congress

(1864)

President Andrew Johnson (1865)

Radical Republicans

(1866)

Conditions to rejoin the Union

10 percent of voters must swear loyalty oath to Union

Must abolish slavery

Majority of white men must swear loyalty

Must abolish slavery

Former Confederate volunteers cannot vote or hold office

Majority of white men must swear loyalty

Must ratify the 13th Amendment

Former Confederate officials may vote and hold offi

Must disband state governments

Must write new constitutions

Must ratify the 14th Amendment

African Americans must be allowed to vote

What do you think? • The four plans are on the board

• You have 2 colors:o Red: What were 2 of the WORST ideas in the plans?

o Green: What were 2 really GREAT ideas in the plans?

Ticket out the Door:

o On a notecard, write a response to the following and turn it in:

• Thinking about today, what do you think should/needed to be

done during Reconstruction? You can take ideas from the

green dots

Freedman’s Bureau• WARM UP: On a piece of paper, write a 3-5

sentence response to the following:

Despite the passage of the Reconstruction Amendments

(13th, 14th, & 15th), why did African Americans continue to

experience discrimination?

The U.S. Bureau of Refugees,

Freedmen and Abandoned Lands

• “Freedmen’s Bureau”

o To offer aid to newly freed slaves• They were homeless, jobless, and poor

• Tried to create opportunities for them to be successful

o To insure voting rights

o To insure protection as citizens

• However, it struggled to succeed…

Freedman’s Bureau Activity

• Interview: Read as a class

• As you are reading complete the following

information in your notes

What HELP did the Freedman’s Bureau give to freed blacks?

What were PROBLEMSthat the Freedman’s Bureau didn’t solve?

What were its successes?• Provided basic needs (food, clothes, shelter) for

millions of people, built hospitals, provided medical aid

• Negotiated labor contracts for ex-slaves and settled labor disputes

• locate lost relatives

• Working with aid groups, helped to build schools for blacks

Why didn’t it work?

• Corruption within the Freedman’s Bureau

• Lack of funding

• Southerners were racist

o White supremacy reigned

o Ku Klux Klan emerges

• Main goal: prevent blacks from voting

Quick Facts about the KKKhttp://www.history.com/topics/ku-klux-klan

• Ku Klux Klan- derived from ‘kyklos,’ Greek for circle

• Reaction to Radical Republicans’ Reconstruction plan

• White sheets were meant to represent the ghosts of Confederate soldiers

• Main goal: reestablish white supremacy in the South

Critical Thinking• After the Civil War freed slaves had nothing- no

home, no job, no money, very little skills. The government took some responsibility for these people and tried to help them get on their feet with the Freedman’s Bureau.

• Today, we have a Welfare System- it aids families who, for whatever reason, cannot afford housing and food.

• Question: Do you believe it is the government’s responsibility to aid its people by providing food and shelter? Respond on a notecard.o Things to consider: Why do these people need the aid? Do some need it

more than others?

o It is taxpayer money that pays for these programs.

o Should there be stipulations to receiving government aid? If so, what would you suggest?

WARM UP: Make 5 - 7 observations about the political cartoonWhat message is the artist conveying in about life for freed blacks

in in this cartoon?

Life after Slavery• 3 readings and outline

• Complete the readings on the topics:o Black Codes

o KKK

o Jim Crow Laws

• Complete the outline of notes in your notebook

Overview of Reconstruction

• BrainPop- Reconstruction

• As we view, write down 10 facts about

Reconstruction