The « 4 per 1000 » Initiative, General presentation

2 years later

Paul LUU, Executive Secretary

June 19th 2018

A growing world population &

a growing impact on forest

A (too) slowly decreasing

population of undernourished

Evolution of the planet temperature

(1850 to 2015)(Deviation from the average 1951-1980 in °C from CRU then NASA)

Increase of atmospheric CO² from 1850 (ppm) Cumulated discharges since 1850 (Gt)

Human emissions of CO² &

concentration of CO² in the atmosphere

since 1850 (NOA)

Agriculture-related activities = 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions

Source: IPCC WGIII - 2010

AFOLU: Agriculture,

FOrestryand

Land Use

Importance of Land-Use Change (1)

Importance of Land-Use Change (2)

“Business as usual” (BAU) agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C

world

Gt CO2 eq. per year

9 11

40

74

2010 2050(Business as usual)

2050(2°C target)

Non-agricultural

emissions

Agricultural and

agriculture-driven

land-use change

emissions

~50%

49

85

22

Maize

T-Max

T-Max

Yield Yield

Rice

Climate drives yield

variation: our food

systems are sensitive

to climate,

not resilient to it

As an introduction: some facts

• A growing population with a slowly decreasing

number of undernourished

• An agriculture in the hot sea due to actions in

the other economic sectors to reduce GHG

emissions

• A need to adapt agriculture and forestry to

ongoing climate change

From these facts, 3 guidelines

for action ….

• Act on GHG emissions (mitigation) at all level

including agriculture and forestry

• Adapt agriculture and forestry to climate change

• Ensure food security that will otherwise be

strongly impacted by climate change

… Through one support: Soils

and one action: carbon

sequestration

Why storing C in soils?

• To Mitigate climate changeo Attenuate GHG emissions. OC can be stored in soils for

decades to millenia

o Low cost negative emission technology

• To Adapt to climate changeo Soil organic matter increases water retention capacity

by soils,

o decreases sensitivity to erosion

• To Contribute to food security & restore degraded soilso Major role of soil organic matter in soil fertility

o Yields stability

o 30% world soils severely degraded (FAO - 2015)

Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOC map V1.2.0 – FAO-GSP 2018)

4/1000 : where does it come from?

An annual increase of 4 ‰ of the world soil surface C stocks (860*0.004)

would nearly compensate the annual CO2 increase of the atmosphere

Limits and feasability: practices

© FAO

© R.Cardinael

©a

gri

cultu

re d

e c

onse

rva

tio

n

©T.Chevallier

Rangeland management

Conservation

agriculture

Agroforestry

Water management

Integrated soil fertility

management

Organic

fertilization

Cover crops

Soil organic carbon

CO 2

Annual 4 per 1000 increase locally attainable

Great variability of C storage rates (climate, soil..)

Limits : biomass availability, nutrients, water, soil…

Soil C stocks of the world’s topsoil(0 to 0.3 m) in t/ha

Country PracticeImpact on soil C

(‰ year-1)References

BeninCrop residuesincorporation

6 to 8 Kenne et al. 2016

Ivory CoastCompost

10 t ha-1 yr-1

21 to 23 (after 23 years)

Kenne et al. 2016

CameroonAcacia senegal

improved fallow15

(after 15 years)D’Andouss Kissi et

al. 2013

D. R. CongoAcacia

auriculiformisimproved fallow

5.6(after 22 years)

Bisiaux et al. 2009 Gond et al. 2016

France, Mediterranean

zone

Wheat / walnutagroforestryassociations

7(after 18 years)

Cardinael et al. 2015a, b; 2017

E. Torquebiau et al., CIRAD

Some results according to pratices

Results of COP21 in Paris

Historical agreement: a solid foundation for international climate action

recognizing in its preamble the inclusive concept of “food security”.

Composed of 3 pillars, all including “agriculture and food security”:

➢ The legal instrument of the agreement;

➢ Lima Paris Agenda for Action (LPAA);

➢ National contributions (iNDCs).

LPAA supports and promotes 70 major international multi-stakeholder initiatives for climate (on 12 topics) including 6 on agriculture among which the “4 per 1000” Initiative.

Paris declaration of intent:

• strengthen public policies, tools and actions

• maintain or enhance carbon stock in agricultural soils,

• encourage research programs to improve knowledge on soil-carbonstorage

• assess the performance of farming techniques and methods of restoringdegraded land

• support a participatory approach to build innovative solutions and theiradoption by means of training and education programs

• share projects, actions, experience and results

On December 1st 2015, more than

160 signatories of the declaration

of intent (31 countries)

The 4°/oo Initiative

4 working axis organized in 2 parts

Action Plan

• A multi-stakeholder platform to facilitate partnerships

• A tool to expertise and evaluate projects based on a set of references and indicators

Scientific Program

• An international research and scientificcooperation program

• A digital resources center on carbon in soils

Goals of the 4°/oo Initiative

Increase carbon sequestration in soils as organicmatter, for:

➢ increasing food security

➢ adapting agriculture to climatic changes

➢ mitigating climate change

Pursuing the objectives of sustainable developmentadopted by the United Nations.

Direct TARGETS

ASSOCIATED TARGETS

Safeguard TARGETS: help Ex-ante assessment to avoid harmful impacts

Land Tenure

Hu

man

Rig

ht

(rig

ht

to f

oo

d, .

.)

Welfare, W

ellBein

gTargets of 4°/oo and SDGs

2016- JL Chotte - Ird