the 3 major religions of southwest asia
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The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia. Judaism Christianity Islam. Judaism. Oldest of 3 Set of beliefs and laws of ancient Hebrews Its book is the Torah Waiting for leader called the messiah Abraham father of the Jews (sometime around 2000 – 1500 BCE) Born in Ur, present-day Iraq - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia
Judaism Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Oldest of 3 Set of beliefs and laws of ancient
Hebrews Its book is the Torah Waiting for leader called the messiah Abraham father of the Jews
(sometime around 2000 – 1500 BCE) Born in Ur, present-day Iraq Later moved to Canaan, present-day
Israel Promised Land to Abraham and
descendants
Judaism Continued
Abraham on SmartBoard
Judaism Continued
Abraham’s grandson Jacob (Isaac’s Son) had 12 sons
Jacob was later called Israel and his descendents are called Israelites
First Temple (about 950 BCE) in Jerusalem(most holy city for Jews)
Destroyed in 586 BCE by Babylonians Jews sent out of Canaan, returned after
50 yrs.
Judaism Continued
Diaspora = when a group of people move away from homeland to many different locations separately. All of the world’s Jewish communities that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.
Judaism Continued
Second Temple built around 515 BCE On site of First Temple
Judaism ContinuedPlundered by invading Romans about 54 BC
King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans
Herod rebuilt the Second Temple in 20 BCE
In 70 AD Romans destroyed Herod’s temple.
Western Wall—single remaining temple wallPlace of prayer for Jewish people
Jews moved away from the land again until
Modern state of Israel formed in 1948
Judaism Continued
Christianity
Around 30 CE (AD), a Jew named Jesus began preaching new ideas about Judaism.
Romans controlled the region. The later title of Jesus Christ is a
reference to the belief by his followers that he is the Jewish messiah.
Jewish leaders asked that Jesus be arrested.
Romans found him guilty of speaking against Jewish laws and sentenced him to death.
Christianity Continued
Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on the Sunday (the Resurrection) after being crucified on Friday.
Jesus had 12 disciples (close followers).
Christianity Continued
Paul, who never met Jesus, became the person who spread Jesus’ message around the world Ephesus, Corinth, Rome and other citiesEpistles (letters) that Paul wrote Romans, I Corinthians, II Corinthians,
Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, I Thessalonians, II Thessalonians, I Timothy, II Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Hebrews
Christianity Continued
Roman authorities fought the growth of the Christianity.
Christians were often arrested and killed. By early 4th century
Christianity may have reached members of the Roman emperor’s family
Roman emperor, Constantine (not a Christian) had his soldiers fight an important battle in 313 CE with a Christian symbol on their shields—his army won
Christianity Continued
325 CE, Constantine called meeting for all Christian leaders to meet in Nicea 300 men attended Discussed how Christianity should be
practiced Nicene Creed▪ Uniform statement of Christian doctrine▪ Catholic church formed (which means
universal)
Christianity Continued
Islam
Prophet Muhammad, an Arab born in 570 CE, in Mecca (#1 city of Islam), Saudi Arabia
Merchant known as “Al-Amin,” the trustworthy one
According to Islamic tradition In 610 CE while praying in a cave Had vision of angel Gabriel and received
messages from Allah (God in Arabic)
Islam
Muhammed spread messages he received
Forced to flee Mecca for Medina (#2 city of Islam) in 622 CE Flight known as the Hijrah Islamic calendar begins on this date By time he died in 632 CE, Islamic
control of central Arabia was well underway
Islam
Before 700 CE, Muhammad’s followers were fighting over his successor Fight split Muslims into the Shi’a and the
Sunni Shi’a 10% (Muhammad’s cousin Ali) Sunni 90% (Muhammad’s friend Abu
Bakr)
Islam
Five Pillars of Islam Believe in only one God and Muhammad
is his messenger. Pray in direction of Mecca 5 times a day. Donate money to the poor. Fast during the month of Ramadan. Make a journey, or hajj, to Mecca at least
once
Islam
Other rules What Muslims are allowed to eat and
drink (no pork)
Qur’an (Koran) is their sacred book Jihad requires believers to meet the
enemies of Islam in combat.
Islam
Islam