textual grammar lecture 16 17

7/27/2019 Textual Grammar Lecture 16 17

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TEXTUAL GRAMMAR

Grammar of Texts

Grammar of sentences


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MEANINGFUL UNITFULLY FUNCTIONAL /

NON STRUCTURAL

INTERPRETATION RELEVANT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

COHESIVE

TEXTURE

COHERENT

MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE

INFORMATIVE

TEXT


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THEME PROGRESSION THEME-RHEME

CO-REFERENCE

COLLOCATION

COHESION

REFERENCE

OLD-NEW INFORMATION

LEXICAL COHESION

TEXT

CONTEXT


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SENTENTIAL HIERARCHY

CLAUSE CLAUSE

phrase phrase phrase

I m asking you to believe

Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo Wo

phrase


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phonemes

morphemes

words

phrases

clauses

sentences

? Break in structural continuity

Immediateconstituent

analysis


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phonemes

morphemes

words

phrases

clauses

sentences

Break in structural continuity

SITUATION


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phonemes

morphemes

words

phrases

clauses

sentences

Verbal

SITUATION Non verbal


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phonemes

morphemes

words

phrases

clauses

sentences

Structural

SITUATION Non structural


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FORM

CONSTITUENT

FUNCTION


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CONSTITUENT

FORM

FUNCTION


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am askingphrase


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AUX VERBphrase


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AUX VERBphrase

I am asking (you)

clause

PREDICATOR


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Form1

Function1

Form2

Form1 Form2 Form3

Function1

Form1 Form2 Form3 Form4

Function2


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ask

HEAD

asking AUX: am

HEAD

am asking PRN: I

PREDICATOR

PROGR affix


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CONSTITUENT

FORM

FUNCTION


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I am askingsentence


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NP VPsentence


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I am askingsentence


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SITUATION

PROPOSITION

I am asking

The notion of cohesion refers to the way

sentences combine so as to ensure that

there is propositional development

sentence


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SITUATION

I am asking.I hope you answer.





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SITUATION

S S





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SITUATION





2 PROPOSITIONS


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SITUATION




2 PROPOSITIONS

2 SENTENCES


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SITUATION


A text is fully functional

2 PROPOSITIONS

non-structural functional=


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(x)=y

6+x=3

Predicate (A)=p

Verb (subject)=proposition

Situational context (P1, P2 Pn)=TEXT

SC (P1 [u1], P2 [u2], Pn [un])=TEXT


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(x)=y

6+x=3

Predicate (A)=p



SC (P1 [v1], P2 [v2], Pn [vn])=TEXT

Resolved


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(x)=y

6+x=3

Predicate (A)=p



non-verbal verbal

COHERENTto itself

(cohesive)(to the

context)


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COHERENCE COHESION

SIGNALS ofrelations amongsurface elements

(Beaugrande &

Dressler 1981)


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COHERENCE COHESION

surfaceDEPENDENCIES

(Halliday and Hassan1977)


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COHERENCE COHESION

Relations of MEANING thatexist within the text, and

that define it as TEXTwhere the INTERPRETATION

of some element in thediscourse is DEPENDENT on

that of another. The one

presupposes the other, inthe sense that it cannot be

effectively DECODED exceptby recourse to it (Halliday

and Hassan 1977).


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Sam wants to speak.

Shall he come in?


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Sam wants to speak.

Shall he come in?

A

B


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Let me say this:

You are a baby, Lily!


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Let me say this:



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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Let me say this:



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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Let me say this:


A

B


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COHERENCE COHESION

overt

dependency

A B

t

-Let me say this:


A

B


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SC( P1 [v1], P2 [v2], Pn [vn])=TEXT

Resolved


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COHERENCE COHESION

A SEMANTIC property ofDISCOURSE formed

through the interpretationof each individual

SENTENCE relative to theinterpretation of other

sentences, with"interpretation" implyinginteraction between the

text and the reader(van Dijk 1979).


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COHERENCE COHESION

A COVERT POTENTIALmeaning relationshipamong parts of a text,

made overt by thereader or listener

through PROCESSES ofINTERPRETATION.

(Blum & Kulka 1986:17).


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COHERENCE COHESION

[when] the components

of the TEXTUAL WORLD,i.e. the configuration of

CONCEPTS andRELATIONS which

UNDERLIE THE TEXT areMUTUALLY accessibleand relevant.

(de Beaugrande 1981)


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COHERENCE COHESION

convergent state ofconceptual stability

6+x=8

8

=6+x

6+2=8

*6+3=8

*7+2=8


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He went to sleep.

He hadnt slept for two days.


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He went to sleep.

He hadntslept for two days.

COHERENCE COHESION

Lexical cohesion


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He went to sleep.

Hehadntslept for two days.

COHERENCE COHERENCE

Lexical cohesion

co-reference

repetition

EVENT (x)

EVENT (x)

tense reference

Hadnt slept > went to sleep

Hadnt slept CAUSEwent to sleep

textual grammar lecture 16 17

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