testing of cement and its types

8/9/2019 Testing of Cement and its types

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(6) HIGH ALUMINACEMENT:

– This cement contains high aluminatepercentage usually 35%.

– It gains strength very rapidly with in 24

hours. – It has resistance to sulphates, action of

frost, action of acid and hightemperature.

– It is also used for construction ofchemical industries and other heavystructures.


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(7) WHITE CEMENT:

Lime stone and china clay free fromiron oide are suita!le for itsmanufacturing.

This cement is called snowcrete.

It dries "uic#ly, has more strength andhas good aesthetic view.

It is used for $oor nish, pastering

wor#, ormental wor# etc.,It is mainly used for architecturalnishing in the !uildings.


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(8)Portland PuzzolanaCement (PPC)

• It is manufactured !y grinding &ortlandcement clin#er and pu''olana (usually$y ash )* to 25% !y mass of &&+.

• The resistance to chemical attac#increases ma#ing it suita!le for marinewor#s.

• It has low heat evolution and is used inthe places of mass concrete such asdams and in places of high temperature.


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() E!"and#n$ Cement

• It is produced !y adding an epandingmedium li#e supho - aluminate and asta!ili'ing agent to ordinary cement.

• This cement epands !ut other types ofcements shrin#s.

• It is used for construction of water

retaining structures.• It is also used for repairing of damaged

concrete surfaces.


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T/0TI1 +//1T


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Testing of Cement

1. Field testing2. Standard consistency test

3. Fineness test

4. Soundness test

5. Compressive Strength test


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Field Testing• pen the !ag and ta#e a good loo# at the

cement, then it should not contain any visi!lelumps.

• +olour of cement should !e greenish grey.

• ne should feel cool when thrusting hand intocement !ag.

• hen we touch the cement, it should give asmooth 6not a gritty feeling.

• hen we throw the cement on a !uc#et full ofwater !efore it sin#s the particles should $ow.


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Standard Consistency Test

The standard consistency o a cement paste is

deined as that consistency !hich !ill permit a "icat

plunger having 1# mm diameter and 5# mm lengthto penetrate to a depth o 33$35 mm rom the top o

the mould.

USE:

%sed to ind out the percentage o !aterre&uired to produce a cement paste o

standard consistency.

This is also called normal consistency.


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PROCEDURE:

•For first trial, take about 300gms of cement & water of 30%by weight of

cement.

•fter mi!ing, Fill it in "icat#s moul$ with in 3min.

•fter filling, shake the moul$ to e!'el air.

• stan$ar$ 'lunger, (0 mm $iameter, 0 mm long is attache$ an$ brought

$own to touch the surface of the 'aste an$ )uickly release$.

•*ote the rea$ing accor$ing to $e'th of 'enetration of the 'lunger.


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Setting Time Test:

• In cement hardening process, two

instants are very important, i.e.initial setting and nal setting.


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INITIAL SETTIN TI!E

• The time elapsed !etween themoment that the water is added to

the cement, to the time that thepaste starts losing its plasticity.

• 1ormally a minimum of 3* min has

maintained for miing 6 handlingoperations.

• It should not !e less than 3* min.


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FINAL SETTIN TI!E

• The time elapsed !etween the moment thewater is added to the cement, and thetime when the paste has completely lost

its plasticity and has attained su7cienthardness to resist certain denite pressure.

• It should not eceed )* hours for &+.

• The time at which the needle should notma#e any impression on the cement paste,is #nown as inal setting time.


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FINENESS TEST

• The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate

of hydration, rate of gain of strength, evolution of heat.• Finer cement offers greater surface area.• Disadvantage of fine grinding is that it is susceptible to air

set & early deterioration.• Maximum no. of particles in a sample of cement less than

1microns.• The smallest particle should have a si!e if 1."microns.

• #arge particle should have a si!e of 1microns.• Fineness of cement is tested in t$o $ays.• %y sieving.• %y determination specific surface by air permeability

method.


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• iner cements react "uic#er withwater and develop early strength,though the ultimate strength is not

a8ected. 9owever ner cementsincrease the shrin#age and crac#ingof concrete


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SIE"E TEST

+-E/UE:

•Ta'e correctly 1##grams o cement on

a standard (S sieve )o.*

•+rea' do!n the air$set lumps , sieve

it then !eigh it.

•This !eight shall not e-ceed 1# or

ordinary cement.

•Sieve test is rarely used.


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SOUNDNESS TEST

• It # >er #m"ortant t.at t.e 'ement a/ter ett#n$ .all notunder$o an a""re'#a*le '.an$e o/ >olume3

• T.# tet # to enure t.at t.e 'ement doe not .o- anu*e4uent e!"an#on3

• T.e unoundne #n 'ement # due to t.e "reen'e o/ e!'eo/ l#me 'om*#ned -#t. a'#d#' o!#de at t.e +#ln3

• T.# # due to .#$. "ro"ort#on o/ ma$ne#a ? 'al'#um ul".ate3

• T.ere/ore ma$ne#a 'ontent #n 'ement # l#m#ted to 6=3

• G"um 0123


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APPARATUS OF SOUNDNESS TEST


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STRENT# TEST

• T.# # t.e mot #m"ortant o/ all"ro"ert#e o/ .ardened 'ement3

• ue to e!'e#>e .r#n+a$e and'ra'+#n$ t.e tren$t. tet are notmade on .eat 'ement "ate3

• tandard and # ued /or @nd#n$ t.etren$t. o/ 'ement3


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PROCEDURE

• Ta+e 222$m o/ tandard and3 %82$m o/ 'ement(#3e3 %:0 rat#o o/ 'ement and and)

• M#! t.em /or %m#n t.en add -ater o/4uant#t(PD)ed ? #mmered #n'lean /re. -ater unt#l ta+en /or tet#n$3


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MANUFACTURING OF CEMENT:

1' Mixing and crushing of ra$ materials

a. Dry process

b. (et process

)' %urning

*' +rinding


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(a) Dry process:

n this process calcareous material such as lime

stone calcium carbonate' and argillaceousmaterial such as clay are ground separately to fine

po$der in the absence of $ater and then are mixed

together in the desired proportions. (ater is thenadded to it for getting thic- paste and then its ca-es

are formed, dried and burnt in -ilns. This process

is usually used $hen ra$ materials are very strongand hard.

n this process, the ra$ materials are changed to

po$dered form in the absence of $ater.


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(b) Wet process:

n this process, the ra$ materials are changed to po$dered form in the presence of $ater.

n this process, ra$ materials are pulveri!ed by using

a %all mill, $hich is a rotary steel cylinder $ith

hardened steel balls. (hen the mill rotates, steel balls pulveri!e the ra$ materials $hich form slurry

liuid mixture'. The slurry is then pumped into

storage tan-s, $here correct proportioning is done.

/roper composition of ra$ materials can be ensured

by using $et process than dry process. 0orrected

slurry is then fed into rotary -iln for burning.


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(2) !r"#"$:

0ollected slurry is feed to rotary -iln, $hichis a 2" m or more long, 2 m or more in

diameter and temperature arrangement is up

to 1"314" degree 0.t this temperature slurry losses moisture

and forms into small lumps, after that

changes to clin-ers. 0lin-ers are cooled inanother inclined tube similar to -iln but of

lesser length.


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(%) Gr#""$:

5o$ the final process is grinding of clin-er, it

is first cooled do$n to atmospherictemperature. +rinding of clin-er is done in

large tube mills. fter proper grinding,

gypsum 0alcium sulphate' of 132 6 isadded for controlling the setting time of

cement.

Finally, fine ground cement is stored instorage tan-s from $here it is dra$n for

pac-ing.

testing of cement and its types

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