TYPES OF CEMENT

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15X41A0161

15X41A0179

CONTENTS▪ Introduction

▪ History

▪ Types of cement

▪ Objectives

▪ Types of cement used in India

▪ Conclusion

INTRODUCTION“Cement is a crystalline compound of calcium silicates & other calcium compounds having hydraulic properties” (Macfadyen,2006).

HISTORY

Lime & clay have been used as cementing material on construction through many centuries. Romans are commonly given the credit for the development of hydraulic cement. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin from England invented the Portland cement .

TYPES OF CEMENTHydraulic Cement

▪ Natural Cement

▪ Portland Cement

▪ Portland lime-stone cement

▪ Blended Cement

▪ Pozzolan lime Cement

▪ Masonary Cement

▪ Aluminous Cement

▪ Fly Ash Cement

HYDRAULIC CEMENTS:Hydraulic lime: Only used in specialized mortors. Made from calcination of clay & limestones. Hydraulic lime (HL) is a general term for varieties of lime(Cao),or slaked lime(calcium hydroxide), used to make used to make lime mortar which set through hydration thus they are called hydraulic. The other common types of lime mortar set through carbonation(re-absorbing carbon-dioxide from the air) & are sometimes called air lime .

Natural cements: It is made from argillaceous limestones or interbedded limestones & clay or shale, with few raw materials.Rosendale cement generally refers to a type of natural cement that was produced in New York from argillaceous limestone.It was used in the construction of many of the United States most important landmarks, including the Brooklyn Bridge.

Portland cement: It is one of the artificial cement made by mixing clinker with gypsum. It is the most common type of cement in general use around the world.It is used as a basic ingradient of concrete, mortar. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in 19th century & usually originates from limestone.Portland cement was developed from natural cements made in Britain beginning in the middle of the 18th century.

Portland lime-stone cementIn 2011, a new category of cement called Portland-limestone cement(PLC) was launced in Canada. It was now approved for use by the Canadian Standards Association(CSA) .It has been Europe for over 25 years.Large amounts (6% to 35%) of ground limestone have been added as a filler to a portland cement base.

Blended Cement Blended cement is obtained by mixing OPC with mineral admixtures or additives like fly ash ,slag or silica fumes.It reduces water demand & therefore water-cement ratio can be reduced.It improves workability for the same water content.

Pozzolan lime cement Pozzolans are a broad class of siliceous or siliceous & aluminous materials. It reacts with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature. Use of slaked lime & additions of finely ground for water proof renderings in baths, cisterns & aqueducts

Masonary cementMasonry cement is a special blended cement that is mixed in specific proportions with sand and water to form a strong binding mortar. In stonework, block and brick masonry, but is not considered suitable strength-wise for concrete masonry. They are a blend of portland cement clinker, limestone or hydraulic lime filler & various additives.

Alumina cementLimestones and bauxite are the main raw materials. Alternative names are "aluminous cement", "high-alumina cement" and "Ciment fondu" in French. They are used in a number of small-scale, specialized applications. aluminate cements is monocalcium aluminate (CaAl2O4, CaO · Al2O3, or CA in the cement chemist notation).

Fly Ash cementFly ash, also known as "pulverised fuel ash" in the United Kingdom, is one of the coal combustion products, composed of the fine particles that are driven out of the boiler with the flue gasesAsh that falls in the bottom of the boiler is called bottom ash. In modern coal-fired power plants . Bottom ash removed from the bottom of the boiler, it is known as coal ash.About 43% is recycled, often used as a pozzolan to produce hydraulic cement or hydraulic plaster .

ObjectivesThe most common use for Portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. These may be supplied with concrete mixed on site, or may be provided with "ready-mixed" concrete made at permanent mixing sites. Portland cement is also used in mortars (with sand and water only) for plasters and screeds, and in grouts (cement/water mixes squeezed into gaps to consolidate foundations, road-beds, etc.).

Types of cement used in IndiaRapid Hardening CementQuick setting cementLow Heat CementSulphates resisting cementBlast Furnace Slag CementHigh Alumina CementWhite CementColoured cementPozzolanic CementAir Entraining CementHydrographic cement

ConclusionCement products were developed in an era of ingenuity for creating easy to install and economic building materials.

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