test 4 psychological testing & intelligence

7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence

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PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

& INTELLIGENCE



Construct

_____________________________________

_Intelligence – how long to solve a problem?

Love – # of acts demonstrating affection

Depression – % of day spent crying

However, we can identify behaviors that

indicate the presence or absence of the

construct




Psychological Test: a standardized

measure of a sample of behavior

Standardized:___________________________

Measure: assesses something

Sample of behavior:_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_________




Intelligence Test: a measure of

_______________________________________

Aptitude Test: a measure of specific

types of mental abilities

Achievement Test: a measure of

_______________________________________

Personality Scale: a measure of aspects

of personality (includes___________________________________

TYPES OF TESTS



Reliability: the measurement consistency

of the test

Test-retest reliability______________________________________

___

Inter-rater reliability

______________________________________

______________________________________

______

CHARACTERISTICS OF TESTS



RELIABILITY



Validity: the ability of a test to measure

what it was designed to measure

Content validity______________________________________

___

Concurrent validity

______________________________________

______________________________________

______

VALIDITY



Alfred Binet

Binet-Simon Scale (1905)

First useful test of intelligence

Mental Age: the mental abilities of a child,

relative to his or her chronological age

HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING



Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (1916)

________________: a child’s mental agedivided by chronological age, multiplied by

100

Allowed comparisons of kids at different

ages

Mage = 12, Cage = 10…(12/10)*100 = 120




However, there were some problems with

the original IQ for adults:

Mage = 80, Cage = 40…IQ of 200?

So the ____________ was developed

Divide test score by the average test score

of people in the same age group, then

multiply by 100_____________________________________

_____________________________________

______




David Wechsler

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (1939)

First IQ test for adults

Measures verbal & nonverbal skills

Bases scores on the normal distribution

Compared to others of the same age




Normal Distribution: a symmetric, bell-shaped

curve that

___________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____

MODERN IQ SCORES



Mental Retardation: sub-average general mental

ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive

skills, originating before age 18 (IQ < 70-75)

EXTREME SCORES ON IQ TESTS



Mental Retardation: 2-3% of the population

qualify; most are mildly retarded

(__________________________________________

____)




Giftedness

Upper ______% of the IQ distribution

IQ > _______

Terman’s “Termites” (1921)

Longitudinal study of 1500 children

Average IQ = ______Successful in a wide variety of settings and

skill sets




Is it all just IQ?

_________________: eminence primarily

depends on dogged determinism,endless and tedious practice, and

outstanding mentoring and training.

WHAT MAKES A “GENIUS?”



Are some racial or ethnic groups just

smarter than others????

CULTURAL FACTORS



Three possible explanations:

1. Question bias:

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

________But it’s difficult to find examples in today’s

IQ tests of biased questions

CULTURAL FACTORS



2. Stereotype threat & Self-fulfilling

prophecies

Stereotype threat: fear on the part of the

person being tested that they will fulfill a

stereotype

Self-fulfilling prophecy: examinee lives up

(or down) to expectations

CULTURAL FACTORS



3. Third-variable problem:

Some other factor that is correlated with

IQ accounts for the findings:

__________________________

___________________________

____________________

__________________________________________

____________________________

CULTURAL FACTORS



“There is more likeness between children

of the same social status but different

race than children of the same race but

of different social status” (Arlitt, 1921,

p. 183).

CULTURAL FACTORS



Emotional Intelligence:

The ability to ________________________

_________________________________________________________, and

______________________

Creativity: the generation of ideas thatare original, novel, and useful

DIFFERENT INTELLIGENCES



In general, scores on IQ tests

_________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________

_________

Is there any way to increase intelligence?

IS INTELLIGENCE STABLE?



Education!

Correlation between education and IQ is

between +.55 and +.90

Do smarter people stay in school longer?

Does staying in school make someone

smarter?

Both!

Also, take good care of yourself overall.

IMPROVING INTELLIGENCE

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