Unni SteinsmoVice President, Research

TECHNOLOGYFOR A BETTER SOCIETY

elcome to SINTEF Materials Technology’s annual report.This year’s report reflects the 50-year anniversary ofmaterials research in SINTEF. Our ambition has been

to show the strong link between the past and the future, and to illustra-te how the competence established within the area of materials techno-logy is essential for future economical growth, and for the safety andwellbeing of people in their every day life.

Material production is important to Norwegian economy, and isinternationally competitive as a result of the industrial focus onknowledge-based products and production.

Material production in Norway is to a large extent production oflight materials. We see the increased use of light materials, parti-cularly in the transport industry, as a unique possibility for nationalindustrial growth. To achieve this goal, our already strong compe-tence on light metals and polymers, has to be developed further. A six - year basic research programme on light metals has been initiated this year. The programme is organized in multidisciplinaryproject teams involving professors, research scientists and students.The programme is jointly financed by the Norwegian Research Council and industry.

Norway is also a large producer of silicon and ferro-silicon alloys.The increased use of solar energy, the average growth rate being 25%,has created a market for solar cell silicon. At present the industry isrelying on feedstock from the electronic industry. SINTEF is involved in national as well as European projects on alternative feedstock con-cepts. The competence available from years of research on materialproduction, is the basis for these activities.

In general, there is a need to find new, economical sources of energy, and to use present sources efficiently. Materials will play a significant role in these developments. Important research areas atSINTEF, NTNU and UiO are fuel cells, hydrogen technology, energystorage and membranes. Our ambition is to establish a national programme on materials tailored for energy production, transport-ation and distribution.

Another important area of interest, is the environment. Our goal is to use our competence to address this common challenge. Currentlyour activities include renewable energy, material production with lowor zero CO2 emissions and reduced energy consumption, recycling,and CO2 capture. This activity is strongly connected to the use of natural gas for energy or material production.

We intend to change our institute in order to provide better service to our customers. Two examples are presented in this report. The first is a training programme aimed at coaching research managers.We see an increased need for leaders who can direct large, multi-disciplinary development projects. We believe the project leaders to be essential for success. The second is the establishment of a more uniform business-oriented approach to the management of our laboratory resources.

Finally, we would use this opportunity to thank our customers andpartners for providing us with challenging problems and for years of fruitful co-operation. We look forward to working together with you in the years to come.

WFOTO:RUNE PETTER NESS

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

3

SINTEF Materials Technology carriesout R&D projects, advanced engineeringand analysis within materials technologyand certain areas of chemistry, physicsand mechanics.

Our core competence includes lightmetals, polymers and material appli-cations for the oil and gas industries.

In the area of light metals we coverall aspects from electrolysis, throughcasting, forming, surface generationand modification, to product develop-ment, structural design and functionalproperties.

Core areas of industrial research

• Materials production and recycling

• New, lightweight materials and materials processing

• Surface technology

• Light metal structural design

• Product development

• Material and product performance

• Characterization, modelling and testing of materials and products

• Materials for energy conversion

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

C O N T R A C T R E S E A R C Hand D E V E L O P M E N Tto transform ideas into business opportunities

H I S T O R Y

4 A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

F I F T YY E A R SF I F T YF I F T Y

FIFTY YEARS in Materials Research

Established as a metallurgy department at SINTEF in 1951, the

materials research community has grown to being the centre for

materials research in Norway. SINTEF Materials Technology was

established in 1994 the result of a merger between the departments

of Metallurgy SINTEF, and at SI (established 1958) and the SINTEF

department of Mechanical Technology (established 1972). In this

short historic presentation we have chosen four areas to illustrate

the span of our activities:

Surface technology

Silicone production

New aluminium alloys

New materials offshore

To the left:Quantitaive

metallography, 1963 – Each time the chross-

hair passes a phase boundary the observer

operates the correspon-ding counting unit. Thedistance travelled under

the cross-hair is recordedautomatically on a

different counter unit.

To the right:Energy filtering field

emission electron microscope (FEGTEM). This instrument will be

installed at NTNU laboratories in April 2002 FO

TO

: SIN

TE

F

From ornamental enamel to thepower of nano-particlesWhile it is true that appearances can bedeceptive, it is equally true that thepotential range of applications for amaterial often depends on the nature ofits surface. The surface may also provi-de an indication of other properties ofthe material.

At SINTEF, including the researchinstitute previously known as SI, sur-face technology has been a primaryfield of research since the mid 1950s.The ”hottest” topic of our research inthis area today, is nano-particles wheresurface materials are reinforced at amolecular level.

Enamel for silver and stainlesssteelIn the 1950s, one of Norway's mostwell-known goldsmithing companies,Tostrup, wanted to make their ownenamel instead of importing it. In colla-boration with Hadeland Glassworks,enamels were developed in a widerange of colours.

A new surface treatment developed atTostrup added a new, delicate finish thatseemed to play off the light. A silverplatter treated with this technique wonthe Grand Prix at the 10th Triennial inMilan in 1954. The work with enamelcontinued in collaboration with anotherNorwegian company, AS Catrineholmin Halden, where they wanted a trans-parent enamel for stainless steel. One ofthe problems the scientists faced was tofind an enamel composition that wouldhave the same expansion coefficient asstainless steel, so that temperature vari-ations would not cause the enamel tocrackle. These enamel projects werevery successful, and objects with ena-mel finishes were common on gifttables at many weddings in Norway andabroad in the 1960s and 1970s.

Stronger surfaces with nano-particlesWhile concrete structures are reinfor-ced with bars, and plastic boats arestiffened with glass fibres, scientists arenow working to strengthen compositematerials with particles of nanometre

dimensions. A nanometre (nm) is onebillionth of a metre. Particles of thesedimensions are smaller than the wave-length of visible light (400 nm to 720 nm), making them invisible. Thesize of these nano-particles allows themto slip into chemical structures such ascrystals or long polymer chains. If theparticles are made of silicon oxide oraluminium oxide, the structures willalso be harder than most other materials.

SINTEF is working on a techniquewhere such particles are used as a rein-forcing, intra-molecular filling materialin surface coatings such as paints andvarnishes, or in metals. Since the parti-cles slip into cavities they become anintegrated part of the molecule and donot sink to the bottom of, for example,a paint tin. At the same time, they willstiffen the molecules, making the coa-ting harder and tougher.

Experiments carried out at 900°C onsteel coated with a nanometre-thicklayer of silicon oxide show that a stable,corrosion-resistant coating is built up.The coating is so thin that a differencein expansion coefficients does not causecrackling.

H I S T O R Y

5A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 A N N U A L R E P O R T ´ 9 9

Surface technology

Objects with enamel finishes were com-mon on gift tables at many weddings inNorway and abroad in the 1960s and1970s. The research on this enamel wasconducted by scientists at SI (now part of SINTEF).

Based on casting experiments, among other research, SINTEF has developed softwareapplications that help ensure the desired micro-structure in the production of extrusionbillets and slabs for hot rolling. Senior research scientist Anne Lise Dons (left) andengineer Nora Dahle are seen at work in the laboratory, 1988.

FOT

O: J

AN

D. M

AR

TE

NS

FOT

O: R

OA

R Ø

HLA

ND

ER

SINTEF, including the research insti-tute in Oslo previously known as SI, isrecognized internationally for itsresearch on high-tensile, temperablealuminium alloys. The development ofnew alloys is important for the Nor-wegian aluminium-processing industry.

Although Norway was a significantaluminium producer from the 1930suntil the early 1960s, little work wasdone to develop new alloys with alumi-nium as the main component. Based oncalculations carried out at the time,scientists all over the world agreed that,in theory, the potential strength ofaluminium alloys was many timesgreater than the strength of the alloysactually produced.

SI scientists Nils Ryum and BørgeHægland had studied the Al-Mg-Znsystem, a relatively high-tensile andtemperable alloy, and concluded thatthis alloy could be improved by theintroduction of additional alloy compo-nents. Designated as 7xxx, the alloy hadseveral limitations related to ductility,impact resistance and fatigue properti-es. It also had low resistance to corrosi-on associated with mechanical stress.

Less is moreWith funding from the NorwegianCouncil of Technical and ScientificResearch (NTNF), a major researchprogramme was launched in collabora-tion with Norwegian producers andusers of aluminium including ÅSV,Nordisk Aluminium, Norsk Hydro, andRaufoss. The basic development work,carried out at SINTEF and theNorwegian Technical University (todayknown as NTNU), resulted in a newalloy containing small amounts of zir-conium (0.17 %).

The alloy's functional properties weredramatically improved by the zirco-nium because it generates a finer granu-lar structure during the solidificationand homogenization processes. Impactresistance was increased to between400 and 500 MPa and other materialproperties were also enhanced. As theseand other promising alloys were deve-loped, some companies began to modi-fy them to suit their own products. The

first tangible result of these efforts wasa snow shovel that could be smashedagainst sheet ice without being defor-med. A Norwegian company, Vik Verk,started production tests of road guardrails made of this material but deemedthem too expensive compared to thosemade of steel.

BumpersAutomobile bumpers proved to be themost significant application of the newalloys. Raufoss had been making bum-pers for Volvo since 1966. In 1972,Volvo had to quickly comply withAmerican regulations that bumpersshould be able to withstand an impact at8 km/h without deforming either the carbody or the bumper. The 7xxx alloy thatRaufoss and SI developed earlier exhi-bited the necessary properties. Fromthis experimental beginning, Raufossand its subsidiaries have become theworld's largest producers of aluminiumbumpers.

Safer and lighter carsEventually, the product range was broa-dened to include other automobileparts, the first being beams and suspen-sion systems for attaching bumpers to avehicle's body. Many of these partswere specially designed to ensure thatdeformation forces during a collisionwere absorbed in particular zones whileminimizing damage elsewhere. Thesame design principle was applied tosteering columns and steering rodsmade of aluminium. Hydro Raufossalso makes aluminium roll bars forsports cars. Now, when car bodies areno longer made exclusively from steel,extruded aluminium profiles are alsobeing used in the frames of plastic andaluminium car bodies.

H I S T O R Y

6 A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

New aluminium alloys

A glimpse of the production of bumpers atRaufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikk in the early1970s. This was when the company star-ted producing high-tensile safety bumpersin aluminium. The alloys used in thisproduction were the result of many yearsof research at SI (now part of SINTEF).Dr. Ing. Ola Jensrud, above, is holding an aluminium bumper beam.

In the 1950s and 1960s the Norwegianaluminium industry expanded thanks tocheap and abundant sources of electri-

city. But, times have changed and todaythe aluminium in Norway relies on

experience and expertise. This is Elkem'saluminium factory at Lista, Norway.

Opened in 1971, it was the last factoryof its kind to be built in this country.

FOT

O: J

AN

D. M

AR

TE

NS

FOT

O: H

YD

RO

AU

TO

MO

TIV

E, R

AU

FOS

S

FOTO: WERNER JUVIK

Norway's silicon valleysSINTEF Materials Technology beganlooking closely at silicon in 1966during research carried out for theferro-alloy industry. At that time theMetallurgical Committee's researchgroup, a section of the ResearchCouncil of Norway, merged with theDepartment of Metallurgy at SINTEF.

”The union was part of a long-termplan for a stronger integration of metall-urgical research at the technical univer-sity.” (SINTEF Annual Report 1966).

Initially, a group of scientists wasgiven the task of developing a reactivitytest for the carbon materials used formaking ferro-alloys. The scientists pre-sented a theoretical basis for under-standing what happens during thereduction process. This was the firstsuch description ever presented. Soonafter the test was published at theElectric Furnace Conference in 1976 itbecame a standard procedure, appliedworldwide, to determine whether a car-bon material was suited for the produc-tion of ferro-silicon and silicon. Thisachievement resulted in additional fun-ding for research projects in this field.In their pursuit of oil field allotments inthe North Sea, oil companies were alsoencouraged to devote funds to this rese-arch.

One development in the late 1970s,for example, was a process developedby Exxon and Elkem for manufacturingsolar-cell grade silicon. In the early1980s there was considerable activityrelated to solar-cell technology inter-nationally. This laid the foundation forcurrent research on solar-cell silicon.

The importance of FFFAn important factor in bringing Nor-way's ferro-alloy industry and researchexpertise to its current advanced levelwas the founding of the Ferro-alloyIndustry's Research Association (FFF)in 1989. The association brought toget-her many companies (Elkem ASA,Eramet Norway, FESIL ASA, FinnfjordSmelteverk AS, Tinfos, Jernverk AS) todefine important research areas. NOK10 to 12 million is being spent on FFFresearch in 2001.

Recycling sunshineBecause purity is vital in solar-cellsilicon, the contrast is striking betweenthe environment in a smelting plantwhere enormous furnaces transformsilica into liquid silicon at 1800°C, andthe environment in a production facilityfor crystals destined for solar cells. Thelatter is a closed system with cleanfloors and small melting furnaces freeof fumes. Elkem's decision in the mid-1990s to pursue the production of solar-cell silicon was an indication of theemphasis that was being given to thisfield in Norway.

Silicon from Norway is taken out ofthe country to be refined for use in theelectronics industry. Scrap from thisindustry provides the raw material forsolar cells. Since the demand for solarcells is growing, this material is now inshort supply. While the solar-cell indus-try could use less pure silicon, this isnot available in today's market.

Developing a process for manufactu-ring medium-grade silicon would pro-vide the basis for a new industry to meetthe growing needs of the internationalmarket.

Future vistasThe production of photovoltaic silicon(PV-Si) has already started. One of thechallenges scientists face is to determi-ne how pure the silicon should be toachieve the highest possible efficiencyin energy output. In the lab, the mostefficient solar cells transform 30% to35% of the energy in light to electricity.

Solar cells available in today's markethave an output efficiency of only 10%to 15%. The difference between thesetwo efficiency ranges has prompted amajor research effort at SINTEF andNTNU with funding from Norwegianindustry.

One example is the project ”FromSand to Solar Cells” which aims todevise a one-step process for the pro-duction of a grade of silicon sufficientfor use in solar cells.

H I S T O R Y

7A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

Silicon productionFO

TO

: DIG

ITA

L V

ISIO

N

H I S T O R Y

8 A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

Over the last three decades theNorwegian offshore industry has pione-ered the use of many new technologiesand materials.

SINTEF Materials Technology hascontributed to projects that have helpedthe offshore industry flourish. Exam-ples of research on materials for off-shore use include: the development inthe 1970s of low-alloyed steel withgood welding properties and a study ofits fatigue properties, the developmentof hyperbaric welding, the use of newtypes of stainless steel, and the intro-duction of composites in the 1980s,and, in the 1990s, the development ofhigh-tensile steel and new materials forsubsea pipelines.

Confronting the challenges of theNorth SeaPrior to the 1980s, the offshore industrywas using materials originally appliedin shipbuilding and general construc-tion. Nothing was available specificallyfor the harsh conditions the offshoreindustry encountered in the North Sea,jeopardizing safety as well as produc-tion. It wasn't long before the offshore

sector was asking for better materials.Working co-operatively with represen-tatives of the industry, SINTEFMaterials Technology and other rese-arch institutions developed a low-car-bon steel that was easier to make, easi-er to weld and easier to handle.

The new steel was first used on theOdin platform. Rather surprisingly, thisnew, strong material led to reducedtoughness in parts of the welds, increa-sing the focus on safety even more. In1985 Norway introduced a new alloystandard for low-carbon steel. Thisstandard was adopted internationallyand Norwegian industry as well asNorwegian research became well-known for its work on low-carbon steel.Today, five Japanese steel works applythis standard and use Norwegian off-shore sites as an international showcasefor qualification tests of their own typesof steel.

New tools improve safetyDuring the 1990s, SINTEF MaterialsTechnology began to look more closelyat ways to improve the use of mathe-matical models. To make the studies

conducted on steel, aluminium andother materials more widely accessible,more generalized models were develo-ped. With increased computing powerand improved mathematical modellingit became possible, for example, tomake more accurate calculations of thesteel's capacity and, thus, take fulladvantage of the material's properties.Improved modelling techniques werealso important in fracture mechanicswhere greater accuracy was achieved inpredicting when a fracture would orcould occur.

The continued research on steelqualities resulted in increasingly high-tensile steels and an increase in theyield strength from 350 to 460 MPa.The limit has now reached 500 MPaand this steel is currently being used tobuild the Grane platform. Research inthis area is continuing as part of thePRESS project which is striving todevelop steel qualities with a yieldstrength of 700 MPa. To improve safety,it is important to acquire more know-ledge about the type of fractures thatare least safe and need the most rese-arch attention, and the ways in which

New materials offshore

Prior to the 1980s, the offshore industrywas using materials originally applied in shipbuilding and general construction.But it wasn't long before the offshore sector was asking for better materials.Norwegian researchers were in the fore-front of the development of a new, low-carbon steel that was easier to make,weld and handle. Norway also introduceda new alloy standard for low-carbon steel.

FOTOS: DIGITAL VISION

ductile fractures can be predicted aswell as prevented. In the course of thisdecade the use of mathematical modelswill increase, as will the demand forimproved mathematical techniques andmore sophisticated models. To meetthese needs, SINTEF Materials Tech-nology is moving away from rule-basedapproaches for general application,focusing instead on developing calcu-lations for each individual product.

We have already started work on thenext generation of steel, Superduplex,designed for use at high temperaturesand high pressures and in corrosiveenvironments. Considerable research isbeing done on steel with 13% chrome, acheaper alternative to Superduplex.Titanium is another material that is ofinterest because of its low weight.

An offshore future for lightweightcompositesIn parallel with the development of newtypes of steel, composites have beengaining importance for the offshoreindustry. From feeble beginnings in theearly 1980s, composites have deve-loped into a group of materials withhundreds of applications in which lowweight, low maintenance requirementsand corrosion resistance are importantconsiderations.

The most important offshore applica-tions for composite materials are forpipes, tanks and containers, panels andsandwich structures, secondary struc-tural elements and protective under-water structures. After further develop-ment and testing, pipes of compositematerials are considered acceptable formany critical applications, including fireprotection systems on drilling platforms.In the future, lightweight compositeswill probably be common in risers,especially at great depths.

Even tension legs for anchoringfloating platforms will be complexstructures made from composite materi-als. Currently there are two Norwegianprojects under way for developing risersof composites and one project for deve-loping a composite-based tension leg.

H I S T O R Y

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 9

Hydraulic high-speed tensiletester with electronic recording of force and clamp speed deve-loped by SINTEF, 1966.

Induction heating ofsteel sample, 1969.

Films of aluminium oxide are transparent, 1964.

FOT

OS

: SIN

TE

F M

AT

ER

IALS

TE

CH

NO

LOG

Y

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 010

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Christian Julius

Simensen is a

metallurgist recognized

internationally as an

expert on aluminium

alloys. He is also a

passionate numismatist

(collector of coins).

He mingles these

interests easily.

FOT

O: W

ÆR

NE

R J

UV

IK

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 11

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

While one hand is working at the forefront ofresearch on aluminium alloys, the other is hand-

ling coins dating back to the Viking Age, whether inScandinavia, Asia Minor or Spain.

Christian Simensen's personal interests involve historiccoins and monetary policies. As the editor of the Journalof the Norwegian Numismatics Society, he is quite readyto share his own theory on how the Akershus Fortress inOslo was financed under Håkon V Magnusson. Simensendiscovered that just before the fortress was built, the kingstarted a massive coining of the ”white roses” that wererich in silver. Previously, serious financial problems hadprevented him from coining anything other than the”black penny”, a copper coin. According to Simensen,this change in fortune can be explained by a grand finan-cial coup. Philip the Fair of France induced the bishop ofParis to donate a large silver treasure to Norway inexchange for a promise of support in a war he was plan-ning against England.

While this war never materialized, the arrangementprovided Oslo with an impressive fortress. This point wasnoted by the French ambassador to Norway in a speechwhere he suggested that Norway could not expect simil-arly generous support from the EU.

Second-rate goodsOccasionally, there is a meeting of Simensen's hobbyand profession as a metallurgist. When SINTEF wasasked by the University Museum of National Antiquitiesin Oslo to examine the metal composition of somebrooch fragments from the early Viking Age, Simensenwas the natural choice for the job. The fragments werefound at Lille Hjerkinn, an old resting place for travel-lers in the Dovre mountains in mid-Norway. The jewel-lery was dated to approximately 750 AD, long before thefirst record of pilgrimages in the area.

The brooch fragments were examined using a micro-probe where the X-ray spectrum that is emitted when thesample is bombarded with electrons reveals the elementspresent in the sample. The tests showed that the gildedjewellery was made from an alloy of silver, copper andtin. At that period in history, the gilt was an alloy of goldand mercury. It was painted onto the jewellery which wassubsequently heated so that the mercury would evaporate.(The work environment was not a primary concern at thetime.)

In the case of the Hjerkinn fragments, Simensen deter-

mined that the jewellery was of poor quality, due to aninferior silver alloy and the fact that the heating wasstopped prematurely, before all the mercury had beenremoved. The jewellery came from Ireland and, com-pared with older jewellery from the Roman Empire, thiswas second-rate merchandise; the coating was poor andthe alloy was brittle.

But how did this jewellery end up at Lille Hjerkinn?Simensen sees two possibilities. ”Either the jewellerywas used in Ireland before becoming Viking loot in the800s, or it followed the trade route through England,Friesland and Denmark up to Norway as payment forpelts and other Norwegian export products of the time.”

Simensen finds the first theory more persuasive andsays, ”This would mean a faster and more direct connec-tion. At that time, it was more common for valuables toreach Norway as loot rather than as merchandise dulypaid for.”

A research career dedicated to aluminiumFor a generation now, Christian Simensen has contribu-ted to the development of light-metal alloys in work car-ried out on assignments from Årdal and Sunndal Verk,Hydro, Raufoss. Often his projects have been in connec-tion with research programmes of the Research Councilof Norway.

His work in aluminium research has taken Simensenand his family to year-long stays in places as different asMelbourne, Australia, and the small town of Sunndalsørain Western Norway. At Comalco Ltd, Australia's largestaluminium producer, Simensen contributed to developinga new alloy for Ford Motor Company.

At Årdal and Sunndal Verk he solved day-to-dayproblems relating to the addition of scrap metal to thealuminium melt.

”I learned a lot during these years. The tasks rangedfrom designing an alloy for an automobile factory tofollowing full-scale processes on-site with alloy elementsbeing added in the form of, for example, rubber-coveredcopper scraps. These challenges were quite differentfrom what you encounter in basic research at SINTEF.”

Christian Simensen has no doubts that aluminium willbe an even more significant metal in the future. ”Not ascoin metal, however,” he concludes as he prepares toparticipate in a conference on the gluing of aluminiumchassises for automobiles – a concern far removed fromthe monetary policies of the Vikings.

A connoisseur of ANTIQUE COINS and ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

To answer these and other questionsabout aluminium alloys, scientists atSINTEF Materials Technology zoom inon the atomic level.

Nearly one-third of the eight milliontonnes of aluminium sold in the indus-trialized world each year is used forextruded products such as pipes, moul-dings and profiles with complex crosssections. The Al-Mg-Si combination isused for most of the important extru-dable alloys that can be tempered by,for example, a few hours of heat treat-ment.

Despite the relatively small amountsof magnesium and silicon in an alloy,these elements increase its strengthtwo- or three-fold by creating tinyparticles or ”precipitates”. During thetempering process, there is initially ahigh-density production of clusters,then a formation of small particles, fol-lowed by new phases as the temperingprocess progresses. This succession ofevents is referred to as a precipitationsequence in the Al-Mg-Si system:

Al (solid solution) −> Mg-Si clusters −> GP zones −> β’’ −> β’ −> β

We are working to collect data from theentire precipitation sequence. The infor-mation can be used to optimize andadjust mechanical properties, alloys,heat treatment and processing – factorsthat are increasingly important to com-pete successfully in the aluminiumindustry.

A long-term goal for SINTEFMaterials Technology is to collect high-quality data that will make it possible tosimulate the precipitation process,allowing predictions to be made about amaterial's properties.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 012

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Even though an aluminium alloy

may contain as little as 1% or

2% magnesium (Mg) and silicon

(Si), these elements are crucial

to the alloy's strength. What

happens to the magnesium and

silicon during the tempering

process? Is it possible to

simulate the events in order

to predict and/or explain the

material's properties?

An example of a picture used in the study, this shows a cross section of a small β’’ needle surrounded by aluminium. White points in the image represent atoms. For more than 50 years this phase has been taken to be Mg2Si. We have shown that it is actually Mg5Si6. GP zoneshave higher Si content and may contain varying quantities ofaluminium.

The change in hardnessduring the tempering process. Maximum hardness corresponds to a density of 30 000 β’’ precipitates per cubic micron (µm3).The preceding plateauindicates that GP zonesare being transformed to β’’.

Transmission-electronmicroscopy(TEM). The image illustrates the high density of needle-shaped β’’,the size and number of which can be determined. Collaboration withTuDelft in the Netherlands, usingnew TEM techniques, enabled us to determine the atomic structure of GP zones and β’’.

ULTRA SMALLparticles give strength

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 13

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Normally, chief scientist Stein ToreJohansen and scientists Knut Bech and

Leif Rune Hellevik work on modelling metall-urgical processes and bubbles in liquid metal.At Norferm, they were dealing with water,natural gas and methane-consuming bacteria ina fermenter, a loop reactor one hundred metreslong.

The process for making bio-proteins wasdeveloped in Denmark. A pilot system, built ona small scale, worked well. But when the full-scale plant was constructed at Tjeldbergodden,the original design was not strictly followed.

The top of the fermenter loop was designedto function as a separator, but the surface areawas too small to allow sufficient amounts ofgas to escape from the liquid. Instead, the gaswent through the pump with the flow of theliquid, resulting in large quantities of bubblesin the fermenter. As the gas built up, less andless liquid was pumped until eventually the cir-culation in the liquid stopped completely,preventing the production of bio-proteins.

The flow technology group at SINTEFMaterials Technology was commissioned byNorferm to help determine the cause of theproblem. To determine how the bubbles couldescape from the liquid the SINTEF scientistsapplied models developed for metallurgicalprocesses on the flow of liquid, in the fermen-ter. With less turbulence and longer time spentin the separator, more gas would be released.Discussions and new modelling calculationsled the team to conclude that a channel-shapedseparator, specially designed for the Norfermfermenter, added to the cone-shaped originalseparator, would be the best solution. After there-construction was completed in September2000, a series of test runs demonstrated that thecirculation problem had been eliminated andthat both the separator and pump were functio-ning well.

The bio-protein factory Norferm at

Tjeldbergodden, Norway, was

having trouble – the accumulation

of gas in the fermenter brought

circulation to a standstill, and no

bio-proteins were being produced.

The problem was solved when

scientists from SINTEF Materials

Technology modelled the flow of

the liquid in the fermenter.

From STEEL to bacteria

Factory leader Kurt Strand, a section of thefermenter and the tower with the separator.SINTEF helped design the straight channel and the curved connector to the vertical pipe.FO

TO

: KN

UT

BE

CH

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 014

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Bumper beams are a niche pro-duct made from alloys which are

difficult to come by on the internationalmarket and difficult to cast. In Norway,the casting is done only by HydroAutomotive Structures, which in theyear 2000 produced 3.5 million beams.

To meet production forecasts of 6.1million beams annually by 2004, newforming lines are already being con-structed. As far as possible, the compa-ny will rely on existing productionequipment for casting and extrusion.Hydro fears that the homogenizingprocess that takes place after castingwill become a bottleneck in the produc-tion process. Scientists at SINTEFMaterials Technology, Department ofCasting and Metal Forming, have inve-stigated whether the homogenizationtime can be reduced. The alloys usedare part of the AlZnMg system, offeringgreater strength than the more widelyused AlMgSi alloys. Homogenizing the

AlZnMg alloys, requires four hours forthe heat-up sequence and four hours forthe isothermal holding at 500°C.Historically, four hours at this hightemperature has been considered neces-sary to achieve a uniform distributionof magnesium, silicon and zinc on amicro-scale level and to dissolve low-melting phases that otherwise wouldreduce the extrudability of the alloy.

To study the time required to dissolvethe particles containing magnesium andsilicon, heat treatment periods lastingfrom one to four hours were studied.The results indicated that the isother-mal heat treatment period can beshortened from four hours to two hourswithout reducing the alloy's extrudabi-lity and without compromising thequality of the end product. This meansthat the foundry at Hydro AutomotiveStructures can simultaneously increaseproduction capacity and reduce energycosts.

More effective production of AUTOMOBILE BUMPER BEAMSAt Raufoss, in southern Norway, Hydro Automotive Structures

produces high quality bumper beams. Increasing demand,

however, is making it necessary to increase production capacity.

Approximately 100 billets are cast each day in the foundry at Raufoss but the homogenizing process has become a bottleneck in the production process.SINTEF has now demonstrated that the time needed for dissolving MgSi particles during homogenization is shorter than previously anticipated.

What happens during

electropolishing?

How does etching affect

an aluminium surface?

SINTEF has developed

equipment that catches

these procedures at

different intervals on film,

providing insights into

desirable and undesirable

effects of these

processes.

Now showing . . .

EXTRUSIONtechnologyA new design

concept extends the life of

extrusion tools

At Hydro Raufoss, alumi-nium bumper profiles are

produced at a fast pace. Efficientextrusion is a must for competing inthe market for automotive parts.Using a new tool concept, HydroRaufoss has acquired a significantadvantage over its competitors.

Among other things, the compe-titive edge results from a designconcept that makes it possible toextend the life span of extrusiontools. These gains are based onlong-term research and develop-ment work. As part of the Expomatand Prosmat programmes fundedby the Research Council ofNorway, Hydro Raufoss has colla-borated with scientists at SINTEFMaterials Technology and SINTEFApplied Mathematics to optimize

FOT

O: H

YD

RO

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 15

When surface properties are important – as they are,for example, in reflectors – the material must usually

be manufactured in a rolling process then subsequently tre-ated to achieve the desired polish and reflective power. Ahighly reflective surface differs from a matte surface by onlya few thousandths of a millimetre.

The Department of Casting and Metal Forming, Oslo, hasa ”white-light interferometer” that can measure differencesin surface height to within one millionth of a millimetre.When this computer-controlled microscope images a metalsurface, a detailed digital image of the topography is created.In addition to the software that handles the imaging, SINTEFMaterials Technology has developed peripheral equipmentfor the interferometer that makes it possible to take an ima-ged sample, subject it to surface treatment and remount it inthe exact same position in the interferometer. The sample isimaged again before it is processed a second time, and so on.In this way, a ”video” can be made showing the sequentialchanges in the surface, image by image.

By choosing an appropriate colour code for the heightlevels in the image, it becomes quite easy to show howelectropolishing removes the small surface peaks first, thengradually smoothes out the wider ”mountain” ranges. Digitalvideo of such etching experiments can also be useful inoptimizing the preceding rolling process.

Video samples can be viewed athttp://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2444/white-li/prholder.htm

”LIVE VIDEO” of surface treatments

extrusion tools. The Materials group inTrondheim has worked

on optimizing thedesign of hol-

low-profi letools foraluminiumalloys (theAA-7000s e r i e s )while the

Oslo grouphas speciali-

zed in openprofiles and sur-

face technology.When an aluminium

alloy is forced through an extruder,enormous forces are at work. Theseforces lead to fatigue in a tool's metaland, as a result, extrusion tools must bereplaced frequently. The effective lifespan of these tools varies a great deal.Thus, in addition to the cost of newtools, there is the added cost of frequentinterruptions in production.

For many years, SINTEF has been atthe forefront of research related toextrusion technology. The needs ofHydro Raufoss have been the drivingforces behind this work. The collabora-tion with Hydro will continue in a new

five-year programme called Fremat.The project leader at Hydro is organi-zing a forum in which research groupsat SINTEF and Hydro will come toget-her to agree on central areas of rese-arch, and to identify ways in whichtheir work can best be co-ordinated.They will be looking for ways to opti-mize the application of their combinedresources and to benefit from potentialsynergies.

In order to understand the stressesand strains extrusion tools are subjec-ted to and the mechanisms by whichthe tools are worn, it is important todevelop instruments that can measurethese effects. SINTEF has designedsensors for measuring surface pressure,local strain within the tools, and themovement of the tools during the extru-sion process. So far, the accuracy of theinstruments has been verified inSINTEF's laboratory press for pressu-res up to 800 tons, an internationallyunique achievement.

By calibrating numerical three-dimensional simulations with measure-ments from experiments done duringthe production of profiles, it has beenpossible to create a generic tool kit thatwill contribute to additional advancesin the future. For example, by applying

this concept to the design of a newextrusion tool, the life of hollow-profiletools has been extended by a factor offive to ten. This means that each toolpart can be used for a longer time anddisruptions in production are reduced.By increasing the life span of thesetools this research project has provenvery profitable for Hydro.

Other research projects at SINTEFMaterials Technology have givenHydro a better understanding of whathappens to aluminium as it passes overthe supporting surfaces of, for example,the profile die when the profile acquiresits final shape. This process plays animportant role in determining properti-es such as surface roughness, the exactshape of the profile, microstrucures inthe profile, residual strains, and so forth.

One of the research challenges aheadfor SINTEF Materials Technology, is tooptimize the production of slimmerprofiles. Another is to meet the signifi-cantly stricter tolerance limits that haveresulted from increased automation inthe assembly processes in the auto-motive industry. To address thesechallenges we must continue to in-crease our understanding of metal flow,temperature effects and the stresses towhich extrusion tools are subjected.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 016

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Plastic boats are coated with a ”gelcoat” finish thatprovides a strong, smooth surface that reduces friction.

However, while your tan will fade as winter approaches, yourboat will keep its yellow summer tone and become progres-sively more discoloured with each boating season. Currently,there are no effective ways of eliminating this tint. With thegoal of finding a method for slowing down the yellowing pro-cess or eliminating it entirely, Reichhold, a manufacturer ofgelcoat, commissioned SINTEF Materials Technology tostudy the processes leading to this discoloration.

Diving into photochemistry”Our examination of the literature yielded such contradictoryexplanations of this phenomenon that we found it necessaryto do some basic research,” says Ferdinand Männle, the pro-ject's leader. Pieces of material, coated with compoundshaving chemical structures typical of gelcoat materials, weresuspended in front of a solarium-type lamp fitted with aspecial light source that recreates the spectral distribution ofthe sun. The experiments showed that the basic component of

the gelcoat always turned yellow as a result of a combinationof oxygen and ultraviolet radiation.

A sunscreen for your boatSince replacing the basic component of the gelcoat isprohibitively expensive, SINTEF Materials Technologydetermined that one way to delay or prevent the discolorationis to add compounds that absorb ultraviolet radiation andtransform it to harmless thermal radiation. SINTEF's studiesshowed that the quality of UV absorbers varied a great deal.The poorest, which can also be found in many sunscreen loti-ons for human use, formed aggressive chemicals upon brea-king down. ”In the course of our experiments,” Männle reports, ”wediscovered a UV absorber which, in combination with a par-ticular additive, completely halts the yellowing process.Based on this work, Reichhold will now develop additionalUV absorbers.” The project also provided new, more generalinsights into the yellowing process in other substances suchas paper and plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.).

Keeping the COLOUR out of gelcoatWhen you moor your boat to rest on a beach in the sun, the boat may be getting

a tan too – if it is made of plastic.

Plastic boats may also geta sun tan. Scientist FerdinandMännle is developing methodsthat inhibit this process.

FOT

O: P

RIV

AT

E

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 17

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

During the extrusion of PVCprofiles, the plastic being forced

through the extruder die is a mixture ofmelted and ”solid” polymer. Since theamount of solid polymer in a PVC meltis not simply a function of its tempera-ture, the flow properties of PVC dependon the processes of heating, cooling andmechanical manipulation the materialhas been subjected to in advance. Thisthermo-mechanical history also affectsthe friction forces between the melt andthe surfaces in the extruder.

For many PVC formulations, it is notpossible to use commercially availableinstruments to measure flow propertiescharacteristic of the material's behavi-our within a profile die. To solve thisproblem, SINTEF Materials Techno-logy has developed a special rheometerthat is mounted on a small extruder.With the aid of this rheometer, flow pro-perties can be measured on melts beingexposed to a very similar thermo-mechanical history as the materialwithin a profile die.

Norsk Hydro, one of Europe's largestproducers of PVC, wants to offer itscustomers advanced technical assistancein the design and adjustment of extrusiontools, as well as in the choice of processparameters and materials. To achieve

this, Norsk Hydro initiated a Prosmatproject in co-operation with SINTEFMaterials Technology, NTNU and thePVC profile manufacturer Primo NorgeAS. Numerical analyses of measure-ments made with the newly developedrheometer have made it possible to des-cribe the flow of various PVC formula-tions as they pass through the extrusiondie. Commercial software can then beused to study the extrusion process inorder to optimize the velocity of themelt in thick and thin profile sectionsand to control heating at points that arevulnerable to the effects of internal fric-tion in the melt.

Improved measuring methods of theextrusion process and better understan-ding of numerical methods used to findthe correct viscosity functions and wall-slip behaviour, have resulted in a moreaccurate description of the flowproperties of various PVC formulas inextrusion tools. Simulations wherethese material models have beenapplied, agree well with the observedflow conditions. These results havemade it possible to reduce the designcosts of profile extruder nozzles and totest how flow conditions vary withchanges in formulations or in processparameters.

During processing,

PVC (polyvinyl chloride)

behaves differently

from other plastic

melts because it starts

to degrade chemically

before it reaches a

temperature at which it

is completely melted.

Scientist EinarHinrichsen withthe inline rheo-meter mountedon a laboratoryextruder.

A better simulation of

PVCextrusion

FOTO: JAN HELSTAD

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 018

MATEK LABM AT E K L A B

M AT E K L A B O R AT O R I U M

SINTEF Materials Technology relies extensively on laboratory

services from its departments in Trondheim and Oslo.

While most of the work is related to the institute's research

projects, the laboratories are also commissioned directly by

clients, albeit to varying degrees.

The panel, similar to a hull, is induced tovibrate using pressurizedair. Using a laser, thevibration patterns overthe entire panel arerecorded in real-time,demonstrated here byresearch scientist Kay Gastinger.

MATEK LAB

FOTO: RUNE PETTER NESS

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 19

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

”We are in the process of establishing a more uniform,business-oriented approach to the management of our

laboratory resources,” says Hans Iver Lange, the scientist incharge of co-ordinating the new laboratory structure. ”Moreimportant than a common physical location, are uniformroutines, administrative procedures and quality controlsystems for the laboratories. This will be achieved by esta-blishing a common quality assurance manual that is relative-ly detailed with regard to managing and tracking documents,technical solutions and measurements,” explains Lange.

”Another goal for the new structure is to ensure an up-to-date overview of costs, income and investments in equip-ment. An advisory group will plan and co-ordinate majorpurchases and investments.”

More efficient use of laboratory resources can be achievedby improving co-ordination among the different departmentsat SINTEF Materials Technology and through co-operationwith corresponding research groups at NTNU and theUniversity of Oslo (UiO). The laboratory activities atSINTEF Materials Technology will eventually be organizedaccording to their primary fields of research:

TESTLABMechanical testing, fatigue testing, corrosion testing and metallography.

FORMLABMetal shaping including cold or warm manipulation,extrusion, casting and joining.

SURFLABCharacterizing micro-structures and surfaces (SEM-TEM lab).

PROSLABIncluding PrimAlab, process metallurgy and ceramics.

MATEKLAB, OsloDescribed below.

Assignments and the use of resources will be co-ordinatedwithin each of these groups while group leaders will ensureco-ordination between the different lab groups.

Efforts will be made to make the institute's departmentsand clients more aware of these laboratory services and theiravailability. A website dedicated to describing these servicesis being planned. Potential clients will be able to search adatabase for information about the specific services, equip-ment, capacity, schedules and contact people. ”It is importantthat people who need these services have a primary contactperson,” says Lange.

”The aim of this restructuring is to ensure a better controlof the quality of our services. This will also make it easier forthe laboratories to offer test services approved by NorwegianAccreditation. This is in line with the institute's policy regarding general ISO-certification,” explaines Lange.

More reliable test of ship hullsThis is one of the tests performed at MATEKLAB: Whetherfrom waves or objects at sea, boat hulls are often subject tohard blows. Such forces, especially to boats made of fibre-reinforced polymer composites, may result in weak spots orfractures in the hull that are not visible to the naked eye. It isimportant that such damages are identified as quickly as pos-sible. Today, the most common method of inspection is so-called ”coin-tapping”. This means that an inspector taps thehull with a small hammer. In places where there is a fractureor where the layers of material have come loose from one an-other, the sound will be different from the sound made wherethe hull is intact. Though widely used, this procedure is acostly, time-consuming and inexact way of detecting damage.

At SINTEF Materials Technology scientists have deve-loped a test that uses optical measurements to detect fracturesin large structures. In this test, which is called ESPI, vibrationis induced in the entire hull and measured using a combinati-on of laser and video techniques. Fractured or damaged areaswill vibrate more strongly than intact areas. This method oftesting hulls for wear and tear can be done virtually any-where. (See picture page 18.)

MATEK LAB, Oslo, has been in operation since early2000. We are already seeing the benefits of combining

the resources of several departments towards a commongoal. MATEK LAB has co-ordinated the acquisition of a newScanning Electron Microscope. Financing this investmentinvolved three departments at SINTEF Materials Technologyand one department at SINTEF Applied Chemistry.

The new microscope is a JEOL JSM-5900LV. This instru-ment can operate as a conventional high-vacuum SEM orwith a low vacuum (1-270Pa) for pressure-sensitive samples.In the low-vacuum mode, it is possible to study samples withan electric potential down to 0.3V.

This makes it possible to study non-conductive sampleswithout first coating them with carbon or gold. In the low-vacuum mode there are sufficient atoms surrounding thesample to draw off the accumulating charge.

The microscope has a large sample chamber with an auto-matic sample stage (x, y and z) that can accommodate sam-ples up to 20cm. The microscope is capable of auto focus andauto contrast, allowing automatic mapping of samples.

Attached to the microscope is an Energy DispersiveSpectroscopy Detector that makes element analysis possible.The microscope has been tested on sintered ceramics,polymers and light metals with good results.

MATEK LAB, Oslo

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 020

PrimAlabTo meet customer needs for more extensive testing of mate-

rials used in the production of primary aluminium, SINTEF

scientists offer the market a complete test and analysis

”package”. Today, PrimAlab has customers worldwide.

In recent years, silicon carbide-based materialshave replaced carbon as lining material in electro-

lysis cells. Among other advantages, this type of lining isthinner, making room for larger anodes, more electricityand more metal. In 1994, in collaboration with the alu-minium industry, SINTEF Materials Technology startedstudying the behaviour of these materials. Under thedirection of research scientist Egil Skybakmoen, a testmethod was developed for controlling the quality of sili-con carbide. Later, when Hydro Aluminium requestedseveral more tests, a complete test package was develo-ped in close co-operation with aluminium producers andvendors. The package includes a set of 11 different teststhat are applied to new products. Another package com-bining four tests was created to enable Hydro Aluminiumto run tests once a year on materials that have alreadybeen purchased.

PrimAlab is a result of the close working relationshipSINTEF Materials Technology has maintained with thealuminium industry and SINTEF Applied Chemistry.Expertise from four departments at these two SINTEFinstitutes is incorporated in PrimAlab. ”PrimAlab takesadvantage of the wide range of expertise available in theSINTEF Group and demonstrates how effectively we canwork together to seek solutions. Side-linings based onsilicon carbide represent just one area of our expertiserelated to the production of primary aluminium,” saysresearch director Arne Ratvik at SINTEF AppliedChemistry.

”To make the international market more aware of ourcapabilities, we hit upon the idea of PrimAlab and esta-blished it officially in 2000. In the PrimAlab test packagewe conduct all tests related to carbon anodes, cathodecoal, bottom lining. insulation ceramics and properties ofthe electrolyte itself. PrimAlab not only makes us morevisible but, in our experience, these test assignmentsoften lead to pure research assignments.”

There are several suppliers of silicon carbide and customers want to test the differences in the materialsfrom each. ”It is important to most of our customers thatwe are an independent research institute with no com-mercial bias,” says Skybakmoen. In the year 2000, clientsfrom 11 countries, including China, Brazil and SouthAfrica, used the PrimAlab test package, generating salesof NOK 600 000.

A silicon nitride bonded silicon carbidesample removedfrom the test cell after 50 hour.

Engineer Lisbet Støen takes out a SiC sample from the test cell.

Testing materials used in the productionof primary aluminium

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

FOT

O: R

UN

E P

ET

TE

R N

ES

SFO

TO

: RU

NE

PE

TT

ER

NE

SS

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 21

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

Historically, research projects haveinvolved developing new expertise toaddress problems of a general nature.More recently, however, projects drawon established expertise to solve speci-fic problems or develop new products.”Clients are increasingly emphasizingcollaboration and multi-disciplinary

expertise,” says Rudie Spooren, specialadvisor at SINTEF Materials Techno-logy. ”We are also experiencing anincreasing demand for leaders who candirect large and complex projects.Currently, most projects are supervisedby a scientist who may be an expert inthe field, but with no training in leader-ship or administration.”

Larger, multi-disciplinary projects require professional leadership withintegrated expertise; in other words, aperson who can guide the project fromstart to finish. This requires directing itat several levels, including selecting andsupervising the scientific team, commu-nicating effectively and following upthe results at each phase of the project.

The two-year training program,designed in co-operation with RUNIT

Strategic Consulting and Skill Deve-lopment, builds skills in leadership,communication, sales and marketing,strategy development, and projectroutines and management.

The selection of candidates is animportant element of the trainingprogramme. ”While the traits we lookfor may not be those traditionallyemphasized at SINTEF, they are crucialfor large projects involving manypeople and many disciplines,” saysSpooren. ”We need people who are skil-led scientists, able to see a projectthrough to completion. When they have completed the programme, we hopethat the participants will continue tosupport one another and meet in acommon forum to discuss challengesand possible solutions.”

LEADING COMPLEX PROJECTS

In addition to the research departments,SINTEF Materials Technology has anadministration department that coordi-nates the service and managementactivities of the institute. The experien-ced staff includes specialists in financialmanagement, health-environment-safety(HMS), quality control and manage-ment, personnel and human relations,international co-operation, and projectmanagement. We work to acquire andretain staff with expertise in administra-tive tools, techniques and procedures,and a commitment to staying up-to-datein these areas. The department serves asa valuable resource centre not only forthe institute's departments, projects andstaff but also for our customers.

Backrow from the left: Karsten Ringen, Åse Hugdahl, Wenche Edvardsen, Tom E. Berland.Frontrow from the left: Jostein H. Søvik, Sissel Muri Løberg, Toril M. Wahlberg,Tordis Baade Rø, Bodil A. Lervik, Liv A. Bathen, Ingrid Page, Tor Iversen. Not present: Unni Henriksen, Bergljot Lefstad, Arja Sofie Saugestad and Britt Nielsen.

STAFF

New trends in Norwegian indus-

try, combined with economic and

political policy changes affecting

research and development, are

promoting new approaches in

project leadership. As a result,

SINTEF Materials Technology has

launched a training programme

aimed at coaching research

leaders.

FOT

O: R

UN

E P

ET

TE

R N

ES

SFO

TO

: SIN

TE

F M

AT

ER

IALS

TE

CH

NO

LOG

Y

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 022

Looking into thecrystal ball, one ofour main and pro-mising areas ofresearch in thefuture is the deve-lopment and appli-cation of func-

tional materials. Traditionally, we havefocused on construction materials, espec-ially properties such as strength, britt-leness and mechanical characteristics.Now, over the next years, we will develo-pe comparable expertise on advanced,functional materials with physical andchemical properties tailor-made for ICT,nano-technology, medical technology andtechnologies related to energy and theenvironment. Such materials are quicklymaking inroads into daily life in the form,for example, of more powerful computers,new and better display technology,climate-benign use of natural liquid gasand micro-systems implanted in the bodyfor medical purposes. One of the thingsscientists are increasingly trying to do ismimic nature's fantastic methods for cre-

ating materials. In this regard, theAustralian national swimming team in the2000 Olympic Games was fully up-to-date by using imitation sharkskin swim-suits. The industry concerned with thedevelopment of such materials is gro-wing, and Norwegian businesses couldbenefit directly from our expertise anddevelopment potential in this area. Toprofit from this potential market, howe-ver, requires a national effort to apply theinter-disciplinary expertise found inNorwegian research and universitygroups. Among other things, the chal-lenge for us is to carry the ideas forward,hopefully to a finished product. One steptoward this goal is the establishment ofFunmat, a national plan for research onfunctional materials.

Main areas of competenceThis department applies and developsadvanced techniques for material charac-terization, analysis of microstructures andtopography, optical metrology and deve-lopment of sensor systems, and lightingengineering.

Applied Physics

Research Director: Svein Winther

Staff: 11 employees

Address: Høgskoleringen 5N-7465 Trondheim

Tel.: +47 73 59 82 20Fax: +47 73 59 70 40

E-mail: Svein.Winther@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2410

Scientific advisors: Prof. Kristian FossheimProf. Ola HunderiProf. Ragnvald HøierProf. Ole Johan LøkbergAssoc. Prof. Bård Tøtdal

Multi-disciplinarysolutions of pastproblems enable usto meet the chal-lenges of solvingfuture problems; inother words, deve-loping a ”sustain-

able technology” for future generations.With this in mind, the department has

made a concerted effort to solve pollutionproblems in the metallurgical industry.Our experience from this work hasbrought us to the intersection of theresearch fields dealing with energy, theenvironment, and sustainable ”green”technology.

The pace of development in these fieldsis fast, particularly with regard to solar-cell technology. Less than three years agowe had no funds devoted to research onthis topic. Today, SINTEF and NTNUhave annual funding of more than NOK10 million for solar-cell research, with the

main focus on developing materials forthe cells. We expect further growth in thisarea. Development trends in society aredefining other new areas of research forus, including renewable energy produc-tion, CO2-free technologies for theproduction of materials and energy, andhydrogen technology.

Main areas of competenceThe main thrust of our research is relatedto processes and products in the metal-lurgical, electrochemical and ceramicsindustries. We are also involved inrecycling and industry-related environ-mental problems. We are currentlyshifting focus towards environment-friendly technology: CO2-free energy andmaterial production, hydrogen techno-logy, and materials for solar cells.

Process Metallurgy and Ceramics

Research Director: Torstein Haarberg

Staff: 45 employees

Address: Alfred Getz vei 2b, N-7465 TrondheimTel: +47 73 59 03 58Fax: +47 73 59 27 86

E-mail: Torstein.Haarberg@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2420

Scientific advisors: Prof. Leiv Kolbeinsen Prof. Geir Martin HaarbergProf. Knut Lyng SandvikProf. Terje MalvikProf. Mari-Ann EinarsrudProf. Jan Lützow HolmProf. Tor GrandeProf. Truls NorbyProf. Helmer FjellvågProf. Jon Arne BakkenProf. Thorvald Abel EnghProf. Sverre Eldar OlsenProf. Johan Kristian TusetProf. Tor YtrehusProf. Georg HagenProf. Åsmund StertenProf. Jomar ThonstadProf. Reidar TunoldAssoc. Prof. Karl Venås

Materials of the future

Sustainable technology

D I V I S I O N S

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 23

The departmentstaff works withinseveral areas ofstrategic interest,including adhesivebonding and metalprinting.

Adhesive bon-ding of aluminium is a primary area ofinterest for several departments atSINTEF Materials Technology. Sinceadhesive bonding is relatively cheap andeffective, it has great potential for use inmass production of automotive and aero-space parts. This may represent a largefuture market for Norway's light-metalindustry. To ensure strong bonding, onemajor challenge is to develop suitablesurface pre-treatment methods whileanother is to explore alternative joiningmethods such as different robotic weldingtechniques.

Metal printing is a rapid prototypingprocess in which thin layers of metalpowder are sequentially added, compres-sed, heated and then cooled, convertingthe metal particles into solid metal. This

process makes it easy to build new mate-rial structures simply by varying theproperties of the powder particles in thedifferent layers, or by combining differentmaterial powders, such as metals andceramics.

The technique of metal printing can beused for customizing special componentsfor aircraft, body implants, electronics,injection moulding dies, etc. The metalprinting and prototyping project, spon-sored by the Research Council ofNorway, is a co-operative effort involvingthe SINTEF institutes of IndustrialManagement, Materials Technology, andElectronics and Cybernetics.

Main areas of competence The department carries out research anddevelopment, testing and consultingactivities within the following areas:corrosion and corrosion protection, ther-mal sprayed coatings, organic coatings,welding and joining technology, andphysical metallurgy of iron and steel.

Corrosion, Joining and Surface Technology

Research Director: Odd M. Akselsen

Staff: 25 employees

Address: Richard Birkelands vei 3AN-7465 Trondheim

Tel: +47 73 59 30 53Fax: +47 73 59 68 92

E-mail: Odd.M.Akselsen@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2480

Scientific advisors: Prof. Øystein GrongProf. Einar HalmøyProf. Jan Ketil SolbergProf. Einar Bardal

Adhesive bonding – metal printing

Products of plasticare becoming anincreasingly impor-tant part of ourdaily lives. In itemsranging from clot-hes to automobileparts, we benefit

from the exceptional qualities of plastic,especially its high strength and low weight.

The annual production of plastic world-wide is approximately six times that ofaluminium. Polypropylene alone is produ-ced in greater quantities than aluminium.Annual sales of plastics in Norway exceedNOK 20 billion and a recent analysisconcludes that this may increase to NOK30 or 35 billion within the next ten years.

Clearly, plastic is a significant materialfor which new applications are constantlybeing developed. A new type of catalysttechnology used by Borealis, one ofEurope's largest producers of plastics, hasresulted in polyethylene with new, exciting

properties. The challenge we face is tounderstand these properties and make thebest possible use of them.

Among other uses, the qualities of thisplastic material make it well suited fordeveloping equipment for the fishingindustry. Thus far, our activities in thisarea have focused more on practical appli-cations of polymers and composites thanon pure research.

Our concern is that the future of suchresearch may be in jeopardy because ofinsufficient funding for training and rese-arch. Given the industrial potential of thesematerials, we hope the Research Council ofNorway will make plastic one of its keyareas in their research programmes.

Main areas of competencePolymer chemistry, plastics processingand composites. Examples of activities areproduction, recycling, modification andcharacterization of polymers, and analysesand simulation of plastic processing.

Polymers and Composites

Research Director: Aage Stori

Staff: 21 employees

Address: Forskningsveien 1P.O. Box: 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo

Tel: +47 22 06 78 47Fax: +47 22 06 73 50

E-mail: Aage.Stori@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2490

Materials we love to hate

D I V I S I O N S

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 024

New applicationsare continuallybeing found foraluminium. ForNorway, as a majorproducer of lightmetals, this repre-sents significant

opportunities for industrial growth.Starting in 2001, the Research Council ofNorway and the Norwegian light-metalindustry are funding a major researchprogramme directed towards processingand developing applications for lightmetals. Together with Norwegian univer-sities, SINTEF Materials Technology andour department have a leading role in thisprogramme. We are meeting this chal-lenge with enthusiasm and commitment.

On a worldwide basis, the increase indemand for aluminium is greater than theincrease in traditional production ofprimary metal produced using electroly-sis. Due to the high market value ofaluminium, scrap aluminium is a signi-ficant source of metal. Exciting R&Dchallenges are posed by the need to refinerecycled metal, and to determine how

impurities affect the properties of finishedproducts. Our established expertise inmetallurgy is now being directed towardsa number of new applications.

Today, the production of silicon forsolar cells is creating new opportunitiesfor Norwegian industry. Traditionally, thesilicon source has been ”scrap” siliconfrom the electronics industry. However,the demand for solar-cell silicon is now sogreat that other production methods mustbe developed by channelling expertisefrom a variety of fields, including ourown in-depth knowledge on solidification.

Main areas of competenceCasting and Metal Forming, Oslo, carriesout R&D on solidification and propertiesof alloys, critical steps in metalworkingoperations, and the formation of metalsurfaces. The development and applica-tion of mathematical models are impor-tant aspects of our research.

We are involved in projects for theNorwegian and European aluminiumindustries and we work closely withuniversities and institutes abroad as wellas within Norway.

Casting and Metal Forming, Oslo

Research Director: Asbjørn Mo

Staff: 17 employees

Address: Forskningsveien 1P.O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo

Tel: +47 22 06 79 21Fax: +47 22 06 73 50

E-mail: Asbjorn.Mo@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2444

Scientific advisor: Professor Lars Arnberg

Light metals industry

A future scenariofor deformationand fracture ana-lysis:….“Click” on theicon to select theappropriate mate-rial. “Click” and

select its shape. “Click” to connect it toanother member then “click” the selectedjoining method. “Click” and apply therelevant load condition and… instantly …read the (virtual) response!

Our vision for the future is to bridge thegap between materials technology –industrial design – services and accidentalload and deformation response – by opti-mized numerical solutions. For more than20 years SINTEF Fracture Mechanics andMaterials Testing has been pioneering thedevelopment of reliable procedures forprecise assessments of fracture events in

steel weldments. The work has been inter-nationally recognized and has found itsway into the continuing generation of newand improved national and internationalstandards and guidelines. The researchstrategy for the future is to be in the fore-front with respect to the implementationof “fully” computerized methodologiesfor deformation and fracture assessment.

To help our industry partners implementthis knowledge, we will develop softwaresubroutines that combine our materialsexpertise with the best, most efficientmathematical solutions. We will make theresults available to industrial designersand engineers as tools they can add totheir ”toolboxes” to expand their ownexpertise.

These applications will be most relevantfor the offshore industry (steels, stainlesssteel grades, titanium), the transportationindustries (light metals, polymers, com-posites), and the micro-electronic material

Fracture Mechanics andMaterials testing

Research Director: Jack A. Ødegård

Staff: 23 employees

Address: Richard Birkelandsvei 1C,N-7465 Trondheim

Tel: +47 73 59 52 26Fax: +47 73 59 29 31

E-mail: Jack.A.Odegard@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2460

Scientific advisors:Prof. Christian ThaulowProf. Magnus LangsethAssoc. prof. Kjell Arne MaloProf. Per Kristian LarsenAssoc. prof. Odd Sture HopperstadProf. Per Haagensen

A future scenario

D I V I S I O N S

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 25

In recent years, theworld has becomeincreasingly awareof our sharedglobal environment– literally air, landand water. Stricterregulations from

authorities and higher expectations fromconsumers have brought the problems ofpollution more sharply into focus. Grad-ually, this has led to greater awareness ofthe need for sustainable economic deve-lopment, which, in turn, has generated amore vocal demand for better resourcemanagement. Industrial requirements toeconomize on energy have created a trendin which new light-metal components arereplacing heavy steel components in a vari-ety of processes and products. While light-metal components may be cast, forged,profile-based or plate-based solutions, theymust all have properties that are as good as,or better than, those of the componentsthey are replacing. Furthermore, they mustcontribute to a reduction in total energyconsumption and be produced at lowercost. Most automobile manufacturers are

now developing cars exclusively usinglight metals and plastics.

This represents one of the most impor-tant area of focus for the Department ofCasting and Metal Forming in Trondheim.The automotive industry's specificationsto its suppliers are increasing the require-ments and expectations our clients have ofus. More and more they expect to be dea-ling with professionals, not just in theapplication of scientific expertise but onall levels including building relationshipsand transferring knowledge. We are wellequipped to meet these challenges, parti-cularly, of course, those directly related tothe science of casting and metal forming.Characterizing metals, metallography andelectron microscopy are significantactivities.

Main areas of competenceCasting: modelling and simulation ofform-filling, solidification and micro-structures; and verification of models bylaboratory testing. Forming: extrusion oflight-metal alloys; forging and bending ofaluminium, brass and steel; rapid prototy-ping of cast components.

Casting and Metal Forming, Trondheim

Research Director: Egil Trømborg

Staff: 17 employees

Address: Afred Getz vei 2 B7465 Trondheim

Tel: +47 73 59 21 02Fax: +47 73 59 05 90

E-mail: Egil.Tromborg@matek.sintef.no

http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/2440

Scientific advisors: Prof. Erik NesProf. Hans Jørgen RovenProf. Nils RyumProf. Knut MarthinusenProf. Otto LohneProf. Kjell A. Holthe

Prepared for the future

systems (MEMS) industry (for examplesilicon-based sensors).

Main areas of competenceThe department uses material testing,metallographic examinations, and nume-rical calculations to identify mechanismsof damage, fracture and collapse in mate-rials, components and joined structures,with emphasis on welded joints. We useFinite Element Methods (FEM) inconjunction with mechanical and micro-mechanical models as a basis for thedevelopment of more accurate and cost-effective procedures for evaluation of thedesign, performance characteristics andsafety of load-bearing components andstructures.

D I V I S I O N S

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 026

Most of these are under the auspices ofGROWTH, a programme supportingresearch that helps industry strengthenits competitive abilities and encouragesa sustainable use of resources.Three5FWP research projects – VIRCAST,VIRFORM and VIRFAB – devoted tomathematical modelling of the applica-tion of aluminium in the automotiveindustry were started in March 2000.The demand for more lightweightvehicles with recyclable components isgrowing.

These factors are being given somuch emphasis that the European alu-minium industry is contributing NOK90 million to these projects, an unusu-ally high level of investment, while the5FWP is providing NOK 60 million.”This is one of the most wide-ranginginternational research collaborationsSINTEF has participated in,” says TomBerland, who co-ordinates the institute'sinvolvement in all EU projects.

The three modelling projects coverthe whole aluminium processing chain,from metal casting, extruding profilesand rolling metal sheets, to shaping thefinished components. Together, theprojects will generate NOK 16 millionfor SINTEF over a four-year period. Ofthis total, NOK 10.5 million goes to theVIRCAST project in which SINTEFMaterials Technology is a subcon-tractor to the EU consortium. ”Parti-cipating in such projects gives us anexcellent opportunity to present ourinstitute to international industries

using tangible examples of our exper-tise and capabilities,” says Berland.

Within the GROWTH programme,SINTEF Materials Technology is re-sponsible for co-ordinating INMEM-PERV, a project aimed at developing atechnology for separating liquids in thechemical industry. The technologicalchallenge is to develop inorganic micro-porous membranes and modules thatwill separate certain liquids – water, forexample – from solvents so that the sol-vent can be regenerated. Solving thisproblem will pave the way for a broadrange of similar separation techniques.The coordinator for this project is seniorresearch scientist Rune Bredesen atSINTEF Materials Technology.

DILIGHT is a 5FWP project initiatedand co-ordinated by SINTEF. The aimof the project is to develop a new gene-ration of strong, highly ductile iron foruse in components with a high strength-mass ratio, a property typical ofcomponents for the automotive indus-try. To achieve this, scientists will makeuse of a new type of ferrosilicon-basedfoundry alloy that will refine the micro-structure of the ductile iron.

The project consortium includescompanies and institutes in England,Germany, Italy and Norway. In additionto the financing provided by theconsortium, DILIGHT receives 59% ofits funding from the EU Commission.The project's co-ordinator, MortenOnsøien, is a senior research scientist atSINTEF Materials Technology.

SINTEF Materials Technology is actively

participating in the EU's Fifth Framework

Programme (5FWP). We co-ordinate

three major 5FWP industrial projects and

are involved in 11 others.

International

VISTAS

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 27

P U B L I C AT I O N S

To order open publications, contact institute´s secretary Sissel M LøbergPhone: +47 73 59 29 10 Fax: +47 73 59 70 43 http://www.sintef.no/units/matek/index.html

PUBLICATIONS – SINTEF Materials Technology 2000

Scientific publications, articles, lectures and technical reportsReports marked with an asterisk (*) are confidential (except for the tittle).

S. Abtahi, M. Lefstad

Visualization of flow of the outer layer of a billet in the extrusion of aluminium. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00597

O.M. Akselsen, G. Rørvik, C. van der Eijk, P.E. Kvaale

Mechanical Properties of experimental 13 % Cr stainless steelweld deposits. NSM 2000, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2000STF24 S00235

B. Andersson, B. Holme, E. Janssen

Development of thickness variations during tensile testingProceedings IDDRG. WGII, Ann Abor 7-8 June 2000, pp 3 2000STF24 S00061

B. Andersson and J-A. Horst

Segregation of magnesium to the surface during twin roll casting of Al-Mg alloys. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00042 *

H.I. Andersson, R. Halden and T. Glomsaker

Effects of surface irregularities on flow resistance in differentlyshaped arterial stenoses. Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 33 no. 10p 1257-1262 2000 STF24 S00029

E. Andreassen

Properties of Polypropylene Fibres from Compact-SpinningProcesses. Invited lecture at Borealis, Linz, Australia, 29. March 2000 STF24 S00003

E. Andreassen

The Morphology of Melt-Crystallized Isotactic Polypropyleneand its Effects on Mechanical Behaviour. Invited lecture at theUniversity of Linz, Linz, Australia, 28. March 2000 STF24 S00002

E. Andreassen, H. van Paridon, M. Verpoest, G. Røhne,

T. Glomsaker and E.L. Hinrichsen

Melt-Spinning of Isotactic Polypropylene from MetalloceneCatalysts. European Conference on Macromolecular Physics,Guimarães, Portugal, 24-28 September 2000 (EurophysicsConference Abstracts, vol. 241, pp. 199-200) 2000 STF24 S00041

E. Andreassen, T. Glomsaker, E.L. Hinrichsen

Numerical simulation of fibre spinning with crystallization.Polyflow User Group Meeting 2000, Leuven, Belgium, 12-13 September 2000 STF24 S00056

E. Andreassen, Å. Larsen, K. Nord-Varhaug, M. Skar, H. Øysæd

Structure and haze properties of polyethylene films. EuropeanConference on Macromolecular Physics, Guimarães, Portugal, 24-28 September 2000 (European Conference Abstracts, vol. 241,p 57-58) 2000 STF24 S00043

T. Aukrust

Effect of undercut on flow of aluminium. Die Creativity GroupMeeting, at Hulett-Hydro Extrusion, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa,27-29 March 2000 STF24 S00033

T. Aukrust

Adhesive layer and its effect on surface quality. Die CreativityGroup Meeting, at Hulett-Hydro Extrusion, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 27-29 March 2000 STF24 S00032

T. Aukrust

2D FEM simulations with MARC/AutoForge of residual stressesin extruded sections after the exit of the die.Workshop onResidual Stresses, at Hydro Aluminium R&D Karmøy, Karmøy,Norway, 5. May 2000 STF24 S00035

T. Aukrust

Effects of bearing displacement on flow of aluminium.Die Creativity Group Meeting, at Hulett-Hydro Extrusion,Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 27-29 March 2000 STF24 S00034

R. Aune, A. Hårsvær

HULDRA CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE. Hyperbaric WeldingProcedure Specification. 111 msw., 22" OD x 18.1 mm WT, X65.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00289 *

R. Aune

HULDRA CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE. Hyperbaric WeldingProcedure Qualification Report. 111 msw., 22" OD x 18.1 mmWT, X65. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00290 *

R. Aune

OSEBERG GAS TRANSPORT (OGT) - CONTINGENCYPROCEDURE. Hyperbaric Welding Procedure QualificationReport. Hyperbaric Repair Welding Procedure QualificationReport. 110/120 msw., … SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00275 *

R. Aune

OSEBERG GAS TRANSPORT (OGT) - CONTINGENCYPROCEDURE. Hyperbaric Welding Procedure Specification.110/120 msw., 36" OD x 32.1 mm WT and 35.0 mm WT, X65.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00271 *

R. Aune, A. Hårsvær

OSEBERG GAS TRANSPORT (OGT) - CONTINGENCYPROCEDURE. Hyperbaric Repair Welding ProcedureSpecification. 110/120 msw., 36" OD x 32.1 mm WT and 35.0WT, X65. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00274 *

T. Kr. Aune, D. Albright, H. Westengen, T.E. Johnsen,

B. Andersson

Behaviour of Die Cast Magnesium. Conference-proceedings SAE 2000 World Congress, 6-9 March,2000, Detroit, Michigan, USA, SAE Technical Paper Series 2000-01-11/16, 2000 STF24 S00014

R. Aune, M. Polanco-Loria

Void nucleation in steel. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00294

R. Aune, C. Cross, O.M. Akselsen

Evaluation of hot cracking behavior of aluminium alloys by the IRC method. 2000 AWS Int. Welding and FabricationExposition and Annual Convention, Chicago, USA, April 2000STF24 S00233

R. Aune, C. Cross, O.M. Akselsen

Assessment of hot cracking of aluminium alloys by the IRC test method. Nordisk sveisemøte 2000 (NSM 2000),Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2000 STF24 S00234

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 028

P U B L I C AT I O N S

J.A. Bakken, G.A. Sævarsdottir

High Current AC Arcs In Submerged Arc Furnaces. 6th Euro-pean Conf. On Thermal Plasma Processes (TPP 6) Strasbourg, 30 May-2 June 2000 STF24 S00525

M. Bjordal, J.M. Drugli, N.I. Nielsen

Study of corrosion properties of alloyed 13 % Cr stainlesssteel. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00234 *

A. Bjørgum, S.B. Axelsen

Stress and exfoliation corrosion testing of welded 7000 alloys.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00252 *

R. Bredesen

High Performance Microporous Inorganic Membranes forPervaporation and Vapour Permeation Technology. Co-author and editor of the First Management Report to theEuropean Commission, G1RD-CT-1999-00076, July 2000 F *

R. Bredesen

Membrane reactor for cost effective environmental-friendlyhydrogen production. Co-author and editor of the Final Technical Report to the European Commission, BRPR-CT95-0045, March 2000, approximately 100 pages 2000 F *

R. Bredesen

Membrane reactor for cost effective environmental-friendlyhydrogen production. Co-author and editor of the reportTechnology Implementation Plan for the Project. Final TIP Report to the European Commission, BRPR-CT95-0045, March 2000 F *

R. Bredesen

Microstructure, Structure and Defect Structure Characterizationin Mixed Conductor Membrane Materials. Invited lecture at theFirst Workshop on the Standardization of Characterization ofInorganic Membranes, sponsored by IUPAC, 26 June 2000,Montpellier, France. 2000 STF24 S00045

R. Bredesen

The Hydrogen Society, as assessment of Norway’s possibilities(Hydrogensamfunnet – en national mulighetsstudie). Co-authorof Report SINTEF Energy ISBN no. 82-594-1811-8, 2. May (2000)136 pages 2000 F *

R. Bredesen

I: Inorganic Membranes for Hydrogen and Oxygen Separation.Membrane types and membrane properties. Invited lecturer atthe the XVII Annual Summer School of the European MembraneSociety on Catalytic Membrane Reactors, 10-15 September 2000,Cetraro, Italy. 2000 STF24 S00046

R. Bredesen

II: Inorganic Membranes for Hydrogen and Oxygen Separation. Applications and limitations. Invited lecturer at the the XVIIAnnual Summer School of the European Membrane Society onCatalytic Membrane Reactors, 10-15 September 2000, Cetraro,Italy. 2000 STF24 S00047

R. Bredesen and T. Norby

On phase relations, transport properties and defect structure in mixed conducting SrFe1.5-xCoxOz. Invited paper to ProfessorPer Kofstads Memorial. Special issue of Journal of Solid StateIonics 129 (2000) p 285-297 2000 STF24 S00055

R. Bredesen, F. Mertins and T. Norby

Measurements of surface exchange kinetics and chemical diffusion in dense oxygen selective membranes. CatalysisToday, 56 (2000) p 315-324 2000 STF24 S00054

R. Bredesen, H. Ræder, Chr. Simon, F. Mertins, S. Felix,

A. Holt, T. Norby and J. Kirchnerova

Transport properties in SrFeO3-d oxygen permeable mem-branes. Lecture at the 6th International Conference on InorganicMembranes (ICIM6), 26-30 June 2000, Montpellier, France 2000STF24 S00048

R. Bredesen, T. Norby, A. Bardal and V. Lynum

Phase relations, chemical diffusion and electrical conductivityin pure and doped Sr4Fe6O13 mixed conductor materials.

Journal of Solid State Ionics, 135 (2000) p 687-697 2000 STF24 S00053

T. Christensen

Testing of plastics pallet with broad crossbar and rib. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00282 *

A.L. Dons, L. Pedersen and S. Brusethaug

Modelling the microstructure of heat treated AlSi foundryalloys. Aluminium, vol. 76, p 294-297 2000 STF24 S00712

A.L. Dons and W. Dall

The type and composition of AlFeSi particles in Cu-bearingAlMgSi alloys. Version 2. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00512 *

C. van der Eijk, O.M. Akselsen, J.M. Drugli, G. Rørvik

Aquas corrosion of PM Intermetallics. Joint Nordic Conference in Powder Technology, Stockholm, May 2000 STF24 S00214

C. van der Eijk, Ø. Grong and J. Walmsley

Effects of deoxidation practice on the inclusion formation inlow alloy structural steels. Sixth International Conference onMolten Slags, Fluxes and Salts: Stockholm, Sweden, Helsinki,Finland, 12-17 June 2000 STF24 S00914

C. van der Eijk, Ø. Grong

Thermal stability of Ti-oxide inclusions with MnS and TiNduring heat treatment of steels. Materials Science andTechnology, vol. 16, p 55-64 2000 STF24 S00216

C. van der Eijk, Ø. Grong, J. Walmsley

Effects of deoxidation practice on the inclusion formation inlow alloy structural steels. Sixth Int. Conf. On Molten Slags,Fluxes and Salts, Stockholm, Sweden – Helsinki, Finland, June2000 STF24 S00217

C. van der Eijk, Ø. Grong and J. Walmsley

Mechanisms of inclusion formation in low alloy steels deoxidixed with titanium. Materials Science and Technology,January 2000, vol. 16 2000 STF24 S00912

C. van der Eijk, T. Håbrekke, O.M. Akselsen, G. Rørvik

and P.E. Kvaale

Weld metal properties in GTA welding of supermartensitic 13 % stainless steel. 2000 AWS Int. Welding and FabricationExposition and Annual Convention, Chicago, USA, April 2000STF24 S00213

P. Fievet, A. Szymczyk, B. Aoubiza, C. Simon, H. Ræder,

R. Bredesen, A. Vidonne and J. Pagetti

Evaluation of Pore Conductivity Measurements for theDetermination of the Zeta Potential. Lecture presented at 6th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes (ICIM´6) in Montpellier, France, June 2000 STF24 S00019

H. Fostervoll

Powder Plasma Arc Welding - A new process for welding of aluminium alloys. NSM, Island 2000 STF24 S00219

K. Gastinger, O.J. Løkberg, A.E. Jensen

Detection of defects in large FRP composites sandwich construction using ESPI. Proceedings OPTO 2000, 4thInternational Conference and Exhibition on Optoelectronics, Optical Sensors & Measuring Techniques, Erfurt, Germany, 9-11 May 2000 STF24 S00907

K. Gastinger, O.J. Løkberg, A.E. Jensen

Detection of defects in large FRP composites sandwich construction using ESPI. Lecture at OPTO 2000, Erfurt, Germany, 9-11 May 2000 STF24 S00906

T. Glomsaker

Design of Ice-Hockey Shafts in Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP).SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00038 *

Ø. Gundersen

Determination of Apparent Yield Strength by Application of the Satoh Concept and Tensile Testing. SINTEF report 2000STF24 A00206

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 29

P U B L I C AT I O N S

Ø. Gundersen

A Multiple Neural Network Structure for Welding ProcedureOptimization of an Aluminium T-Joint Weldment. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00231 *

Ø. Gundersen, Z.L. Zhang, R. Aune

Mathematical modeling of residual stresses in weld simulatedspecimen Al Alloy AA6082. EUROMAT '99, Munchen, Germany,September 1999 2000 STF24 S00201

Ø. Gundersen, Z.L. Zhang, L. Volden, G. Rørvik and

O.M. Akselsen

Modelling of residual stresses in weld simulated restrained C-Mn steel specimen. ISOPE '99, Ninth Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., Brest, France, May-June, 1999 2000 STF24 S00204

Ø. Gundersen, A.O. Kluken, O.R. Myhr, J.E. Jones, V. Rhoades,

J. Day, J.C. Jones and B. Krygowski

The use of an integrated multiple neural network structure forsimultaneous prediction of weld shape, mechanical propertiesand distortion in 6063-T6 and 6082-Tg Al. Assemblies 5th Int.Seminar, Numerical Analysis of Weldability, Graz-Seggau, October 1999 2000 STF24 S00232

R.H. Gaarder

Testing of Trash Racks in High Density Polyethylene for use in Hydro Powerplants. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00004 *

E. Hansen, C. Simon, R. Haugsrud, H. Ræder,

and R. Bredesen

NMRT, a New Method for Direct Determination of Pore SizeDistribution in Porous Membranes. Lecture presented at 6th International Conference on Inorganic Membranes (ICIM´6) in Montpellier, France, June 2000 STF24 S00020

S. Hansen, J.K. Tuset, G.M. Haarberg

Sodium Activity in Liquid Aluminium, Part II. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00676 *

L. Hanssen, M. Lefstad, S. Rystad, O. Reiso, V. Johnsen

Billet Surface Flow in Aluminium extrusion using ”Half-moon” dies. Aluminium, vol. 76 (2000) p 138-141 2000STF24 S00702

L.R. Hellevik m.fl.

A Mathematical Model of Umbilical Venous Pulsation. Journal of Biomechanics, August vol. 33 (9) (2000) p 1123-11302000 STF24 S00526

B. Holme

Using the NT-2000 and special software to study and visualisechanges in topography. Lecture at 7th European Metrology UsersMeeting in Liverpool 13-14 November 2000 STF24 S00059

B. Holme

Method for studying changes in topography using white light interferometry. Poster at EuroMet2000 in Saarbrûcken 12-15 September 2000 STF24 S00058

B. Holme

Study of filiform shape as a way of quantifying adhesion of lacquer on sheet aluminium.SINTEF report 2000STF24 F00010 *

B. Holme

Topography study of surfaces that were in contact duringannealing of aluminium sheets under pressure. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00009 *

B. Holme, X.J. Jiang, et.al.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Electron DiffractionInvestigation on Low-Temperature Aging in Al-Zn-Mg Alloys.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, vol. 31A, (2000) p 339-348 2000 STF24 S00023

C. Janssen

Pervaporation unit at SINTEF. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00026 *

S.T. Johansen, K. Bech

Prosmat P3.13, Theory development; Mass transfer at fluid-fluid boundaries. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00532 *

S.T. Johansen, F. Iversen

Multi-fluid Solver for Meniscus Flow Modelling. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00626 *

T.E. Johnsen

AA3105 for use as finstock in automotive applications.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00021 *

T. Kamfjord, Aa. Stori

The effect of styrene on the functionalization and degradationof heterophasic polypropylene. Polymer vol. 42, no. 7, p 2767-2775 2000 STF24 S00040

O.Ø. Knudsen, U. Steinsmo

Effects of cathodic disbonding and blistering on currentdemand for cathodic protection of coated steel.Article in Corrosion, vol. 56, no. 3 2000 STF24 S00207

O.G. Lademo, O.S. Hopperstad, T. Berstad

Continuum mechanics based modelling of RA7108.70-W. Part 2: Failure modelling in FE-models by introduction of geometric inhomogeneities. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00296 *

O.G. Lademo, O.S. Hopperstad, T. Berstad

Continuum mechanics based modelling of RA7108.70-W. Part 1: Anisotropic yield criterion and isotropic continuumdamage mechanics. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00295 *

O.G. Lademo

Modelling of Formability in FEM by Introduction of GeometricInhomogeneities. Lecture at Ford Forschungszentrum Gmbh, 6.December, Aachen, Germany 2000 STF24 S00023

O.G. Lademo, O.S. Hopperstad, M. Langseth

Engineering Models of Elastoplasticity and Fracture forAluminium Alloys. Lectrue at Hydro Aluminium Seminar"Research on aluminium structures performed at NTNU and SINTEF", 6. June, Vækerø, Oslo. 2000 STF24 S00228

O.G. Lademo

Elastoplastic models of magnesium alloys – a preliminarystudy. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00244 *

O.G. Lademo, K.A. Malo

Anisotropic Yield Criteria and Calibration using SimpleMechanical Tests. Lecture at Ernst-Mach Institute (EMI), 5-6 October, Freiburg, Germany 2000 STF24 S00225

O.G. Lademo

Elastoplastic models of Magnesium Alloys – A PreliminaryStudy. Lecture at Hydro Research Centre, Section for MagnesiumMaterials Technology, 20. June, Porsgrunn 2000 STF24 S00227

O.G. Lademo, O.S. Hopperstad, M. Langseth

Constitutive Modelling of Aluminium and Magnesium forCrashworthiness Analysis. Lecture at Ernst-Mach Institute (EMI),5-6 October, Freiburg, Germany 2000 STF24 S00224

O.G. Lademo

Modelling of Elastoplasticity and Fracture of Aluminium andMagnesium Alloys. Lecture at Ford Forschungszentrum Gmbh, 7-8 March, Aachen, Germany 2000 STF24 S00226

H.I. Lange, Z.L. Zhang, A. Hellesvik

Titanium Export Riser, Åsgård B project: Fracture toughnesscharacterisation and notch tensile evaluation. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00266 *

F. Lapique, R.H. Gaarder, Å. Larsen

Pore Nucleation and Growth in Short Glass Fiber ReinforcedPolypropylene. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites,accepted for publication 2000 STF24 S00025

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 030

P U B L I C AT I O N S

F. Lapique, P. Meakin, J. Feder, T. Jøssing

The Relationships between Microstructure, Fracture-SurfaceMorphology and Mechanical Properties in Ethylene andPropylene Polymers and Copolymers.Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 77, no. 11, p 2370-23832000 STF24 S00024

F. Lapique, R.H. Gaarder

Evaluation of low cost materials and production method forrealization of a new type of Access Terminal Antenna.Oral presentation at Nokia Networks, Helsinki, Finland, 12 May 2000 2000 STF24 S00027

H. Laux og S.T. Johansen

Effect of gas entrainment on flow pattern in steel ladles. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 May 2000 STF24 S00521

M. Lefstad, O. Reiso, V. Johnsen, S. Rystad

Billet surface flow in aluminium extrusion. 4th World Congress,Aluminium 2000, Montichiari (Brescia) Italy 12-15 April 2000 STF24 S00701

B. Leube and L. Arnberg

Modeling of solidification of hypoeutectic and eutectic grayiron for predition of mechanical properties. SINTEF report 2000STF24 A00594

F. Liefrink, E. Houtzager, G. de Jong, P. Teunissen,

J.W. Heimeriks, A.A. Dyrseth, A. Røyset, L. Johsen, R. Behr,

J. Kohlmann, H. Schulze, E. Vollmer, J. Niemeyer

Development of a programmable bipolar Josephson array voltage standard. CPEM 2000, Conference on PrecisionElectromagnetic Measurements, Sydney, Australia, 14-19 May,2000 STF24 S00909

F. Liefrink, G. de Jong, P. Teunissen, J.W. Heimeriks,

A. Røyset, A.A. Dyrseth, H. Schulze, R. Behr, J. Kohlmannn,

E. Vollmer, J. Niemeyer

Design of a bipolar Josephson array voltage standard for ACsynthesis. Presented at BEMC 99 (9th International Conference on Electromagnetic Measurement), Brighton 2-4 November 19992000 STF24 S00908

I. Lindseth, G. Pettersen, J.H. Nordlien, S.J. Andersen,

J.C. Walmsley, A. Bardal

Preparation of TEM specimens from aluminium surfaces:Methods and applications. 2nd International Symposium onAluminium Surface Science and Technology (ASST 2000),Manchester, England, 21-25 May 2000 STF24 S00903

I. Lindseth, A.Bardal

Identification of surface morphological features that causeenhanced optical absorption in rolled aluminium materials. 2nd International Symposium on Aluminium Surface Science andTechnology (ASST 2000) Manchester, England 21-25 May 2000STF24 S00902

I. Lindseth, A. Bardal, R. Spooren

Reflectance measurements of aluminium surfaces using integrating spheres. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 32 (2000) p 419-435 2000 STF24 S00901

I. Lindseth

Aluminium Surfaces and Optical Properties. Course: AluminiumSurface Science and Technology, Trondheim 4-8 December 20002000 STF24 S00921

M.P. Loria

Prosmat: Liming av aluminium i lastbærende konstruksjoner.Part I:Mechanical response in adhesive joints. "Constitutive modelling of adhesives/adhesive jointsSINTEFreport 2000 STF24 A00285

O. Lunder, E. Pedersen

Stress corrosion testing of AIZnMg(Zr) extrusionsSINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00218 *

K.A. Malo, O.G. Lademo, O.S. Hopperstad

Anisotropic Yield Criteria and Calibration using SimpleMechanical Tests. Lecture at 4th Euromech Solid MechanicsConference, 26-30 June, Metz, France 2000 STF24 S00222

C.D. Marioara, S.J. Andersen and R. Høier

A Dsc and TEM Study of the Precipitation Sequence in A 6082 Aluminium Alloy. Metallurgical Transaction, April 19992000 STF24 S00910

M. Mhamdi

Modelling of surface segregation – part 2.Empact Technology Transfer Action, Les Diablerets, Switzerland,24-25 March 2000 STF24 S00012

M. Mhamdi, A. Mo, D. Mortensen, D. Lindholm

Mathematical modelling of surface segregation in DC casting of multicomponent aluminium alloys.In Peter Sham, Preben N. Hansen and James G. Conely, etitors,Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced SolidificationProcesses IX, p 656-663, Shaker Verlag 2000 STF24 S00013

M. Mhamdi

User manual for EXUDMOD 2.0 SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00008 *

M. Mhamdi

User Manual for EXUDMOD 2.0 Windows NT.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00033 *

V. Milekhine, M.I. Onsøien and J.K. Solberg

Phases in MgFeSi alloys. 25. NMS Summermeeting, Trondheim,Norway, May 2000 STF24 S00236

P. Misic

Modelling an Industrial Nodular Iron Casting usingMAGMAiron. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00518

P. Misic

Modelling the microstructure and properties distributed within an industrial nodular casting. NMS-Summermeeting,Trondheim, 11-12 May 2000 STF24 S00708

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT, Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of a Gear Case. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00660 *

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT, Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of an Impeller. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00662 *

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT, Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of an Air Compressor Piston. SINTEF report 2000 STF 24 F00645*

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT, Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of a Power Line Cable Clamp. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00646 *

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of an End Piece for a Burner. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00647 *

P. Misic and F. Syvertsen

PROSMAT Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability of a ”Flåring”. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00644 *

A. Mo

Two-phase modelling of mushy zone parameters associatedwith hot tearing. Lecture at the University of Grenoble, 4 July 2000. Lecture also given at the Ecole des Mines de Nancy,3 July 2000 STF24 S00017

A. Mo

Fluid flow and segregation - Flow aspects in DC casting,macro- and surface segregation. Lecture at the EMPACTTechnology Transfer Action, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 23-26 March 2000 STF24 S00001

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 31

P U B L I C AT I O N S

A. Mo and I. Farup

Hot tearing and thermally induced deformation in the mushyzone. In P.R. Sahm, P.N. Hansen, and J.G. Conley, editors,Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced SolidificationProcesses IX, p 56-62, Shaker Verlag 2000 STF24 S00015

A. Mo

Two-phase modelling of mush zone parameters associatedwith hot tearing. Ad hoc lecture given at the conferenceContinuous Casting arranged by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fürmaterialkunde. Frankfurt 13-15 November 2000 STF24 S00036

A. Mo

Modelling of macrosegregation formation. Lecture at the Center for Materials Science, University of Oslo, 2 February 2000STF24 S00038

O. R. Myhr, Ø. Grong and S. J. Andersen

Modelling of the age hardening behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloys.Acta Materialia, vol. 49/1, p 65-75, 2000 STF24 S00923

F. Männle

Influence of N-alkyldiethanolamines on Degradation of High-density Polyethylene in Rotational Moulding.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00029 *

F. Männle

Additives for superior photostability of styrene cured polyesterresins. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00034 *

O. K. Nerdahl

SN-data for nodular cast iron. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00258 *

Ø. Nielsen, B. Appolaire, H. Combeau and A. Mo

Measurements and modelling of the microstructuralmorphology during equiaxed solidification of Al-Cu alloys.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00005 *

Ø. Nielsen, B. Appolaire, H. Combeau, and A. Mo

Determination of the grain morphology in equiaxed Al-Cualloys. In P.R. Sahm, P.N. Hansen, and J.G. Conley, editors,Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced SolidificationProcesses IX, p 515-520, Shaker Verlag. Presented as poster inaddition to the article in the book 2000 STF24 S00016

Ø. Nielsen and L. Arnberg

Experimental difficulties associated with permeabilitymeasurements in aluminium alloys. Accepted Met.trans. 2000STF24 S00021

A. Nijmeijer, H. Kruidhof, R. Bredesen and Henk Verweij

Y-Alumina membranes with enhanced hydrothermal stability.Lecture at the 6th International Conference on InorganicMembranes (ICIM6), 26-30 June 2000, Montpellier, France 2000STF24 S00050

B. Nyhus

Fracture Mechanics – Testing and – Assessment of AluminiumPanels. Lecture at Seminar "Research on aluminium structures performed at SINTEF and NTNU", 6. June Vækerø, arranged byNorsk Hydro 2000 STF24 S00209

B.Nyhus, O.Ørjasæter

Fracture Mechanics Testing and ECA for Tambar projectDevelopment 8 Inch Production Flowline.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00284 *

B. Nyhus, O. Ørjasæter

Fracture Mechanical Testing and ECA for Tambar projectDevelopment 10 Inch Production Flowline. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00313 *

S.E. Olsen, R. Rait

Liquidus Compositions of Silicomanganese Slags.Sixth Int. Conf. On Molen Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Stockhom, 12-17 June 2000 STF24 S00528

S.E. Olsen: m.fl.

Component Activities in SiO2-CrOx-MgO-Al2O3(MgO/Al2O3)=2,0) Slags at 1873 and 1973 K. Foredrag ved "Sixth Int. Conf. On Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts",Stockhom, 12-17 June 2000 STF24 S00532 *

E. Olsen, G. Hagen, S.E. Lindquist

Dissolution of Platinium in Methoxy Propionitrile ContainingLiI/I(sub)2. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 05315, vol. 63,Iss 3, p 267-273 2000 STF24 S00523

S.E. Olsen, K. Tang

A Critical Assessment of the Thermodynamic Properties of Mn-Si-C Ternary System. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00607

S.E. Olsen, K. Berg

Kinetics of Manganese ore Reduction by Carbon Monoxide. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol. 31B p 477-490,2000 STF24 S00527

M.I. Onsøien, P. Misic, Ø. Grong, Ø. Gundersen

and A.L. Dons

Application of a nodular iron microstructure model for an industrial casting. Materials Science Forum, vol. 329-330, p 361-368 2000 STF24 S00231

N. Orlovskaya, M.A. Einarsrud, T. Grande, J. Walmsley, Y.

Gogotsi and G. Gogotsi

Ferroelastic Domain Switching of Rhombohedral LanthanumCobaltite Perovskites. Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communication 2000STF24 S00913

K. Pedersen

Room temperature ageing forming limit diagram strain ratealloy 7108.70. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00652 *

K. Pedersen and B. Rønning

A microstructure investigation of a compressor piston head in 6082 alloy. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00540 *

V. Perez, S. Miachon, J-A. Dalmon, R. Bredesen,

G. Pettersen, H. Raeder and C. Simon

Preparation and Characterisation of a Pt/Ceramic CatalyticMembrane. Lecture at the 6th International Conference onInorganic Membranes (ICIM6), 26-30 June 2000, Montpellier, France 2000 STF24 S00049

G. Pettersen and E. Skybakmoen

Inert cathodes. Annual report 1999. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00903 *

G. Pettersen, J. Mårdalen and E.J. Samuelsen

Evaluation of X-ray synchrotron radiation as a tool forcharacterization of aluminium alloys – five selected topics.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00907 *

G. Pettersen and G. Tranell

Protective atmoshperes for molten magnesium. Annual report 1999, prosjektnr. 242176.00. SINTEF report 2000STF24 F00901 *

M. Polanco-Loria

Constitutive modelling of adhesives and aluminium bondedjoints. Lecture at Aluminium Limforum, 26-27 October, Stryn 2000 STF24 S00229

M. Polanco-Loria, J. Ødegård, T. Luksepp

Constitutive modelling of adhesives/aluminium bonded joints.Lecture at Metallurgical Summermeeting, Trondheim 12 May 2000STF24 S00205

M. Polanco-Loria, F. Syvertsen, H. Sund, J. Ødegård

SIP I: Inhomogeneous materials - modelling and properties.Development of cast aluminium nodes. Phase 2: Geometry and material improvements. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00275

M. Polanco-Loria

PROSMAT:Adhesive bonding in aluminium load-carrying structures. Part I: Mechanical response in adhesive joints.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 032

P U B L I C AT I O N S

Testing and modelling of standard specimens. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00227 *

M.Polanco-Loria

PROSMAT: Liming av al i lastbærende konstruksjoner, Part I: Mechanical response in adhesive joints. "Constitutivemodelling of adhesives/adhesive joints" parameter variation.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00305 *

M. Polanco-Loria, O. Prestjord, H. Sund, J. Ødegård

SIP I: Inhomogeneous materials – modelling and properties.Development of cast aluminium nodes. Phase 1: From idea toprototype. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A98278

A.R. Ramsland

PRS Project performed by SINTEF in 1999. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00217 *

A.R. Ramsland

ÅSGARD TRANSPORT – CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE.Hyperbaric Welding Procedure Qualification Report. 40 msv.,42" OD x 31.5 mm WT, X65. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00211 *

A.R. Ramsland

SHALLOW WATER REPAIR PROCEDURES. Hyperbaric Welding Procedure Qualification Report0 – 40 msw, X65 and X70 pipeline materials. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00264 *

A.R. Ramsland, A.S. Hårsvær

SHALLOW WATER REPAIR PROCEDURES. Hyperbaric Welding Procedure Specification. 0 - 40 msw, X65 and X70 pipeline materials. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00263 *

B. Ravary, J.C. Laclau

Validation of combustion models for CO combustion.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00587 *

S. Rolseth, G.M. Haarberg, H. Gudbrandsen

Alumina Sensors in Hall-Herault Electrolyte.International Symposium, Molten Salts XII 2000 STF24 S00504a

S. Rolseth, J. Hives, H. Gudbrandsen

Carbon Consumption And Current Efficiency Studies In aLaboratory. Light Metals 2000, Proceedings, 12-16 March,Nashville 2000 STF24 S00503

A. Røyset

Combatting Dispersion and Nonlinearities in High Speed FibreOptic Transmission. Dr.ing. thesis, NTNU, Autum 2000

A. Røyset, D.R. Hjelme

Combatting Nonlinear Distortion in Optical Fibre TransmissionSystems by Optimum Dispersion Compensation andModulation Format. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics &Materials, vol. 9, No. 2, p 227-234 2000 STF24 S00922

O. Raaness, J.Å. Byberg

SiO Reactivity of 1219 Coal Sample. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00684 *

O. Raaness, J.Å. Byberg

SiO Reactivity of 1222 Coal Sample.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00685 *

O. Raaness, J.Å. Byberg

SiO Reactivity of Echanillon Briquette Sample.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00686 *

O. Raaness, J.Å. Byberg

SiO Reactivity of Green Delayed and Venezuela PetroleumCokel Sample. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00687

O. Raanes, J.Å. Byberg

SiO Reactivity of 1217 coal sample. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00682 *

B.L. Schmid, Ø. Grong, R. Ødegård and J. Walmsley

Transmission electron microscope studies on metal dustingcorrosion of engineering alloys. Presentation at the 25. Summermeeting, Norsk Metallurgisk Selskap Trondheim 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00918

C. Simensen and U. Sødervall

Analysis of trace elements in two charges of alloys. AA6060.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00047 *

C. Simensen and A. Bardal

Evaluation of instruments for surface analysis.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00909 *

C. Simensen and U. Södervall

Phosphorous in aluminium alloys.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00027 *

C. Simensen, U. Södervall

Investigation of trace elements in an Al-4.8 wt.% Mg-0.3 wt.%Mn alloy. Surface and interface analysis vol. 30, p 309-314 2000 STF24 S00031

C. Simensen and U. Södervall

Development of a quantitative method for SIMS-analysis ofaluminium alloys. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00016 *

C. Simon

SILACOR 6 Months Report: March - August 2000.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00031 *

C. Simon

Silica coatings on AlSi 321 steel as a protection against hightemperature oxidation in air. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00030 *

A. Solheim

Physical and Thermodynamic Data for Cryolitic Melts.Lecture at Pres. At Workshop on Building Information on MoltenSalts, Marseille, 18-20 September 2000 STF24 S00544

A. Solheim

The Density of Molten NaF-LiF-AlF3-CaF2 in AluminiumElectrolysis. Proceedings of Aluminium Transactions, vol. 2 (1), pp 161 2000 STF24 S00543

A. Solheim, J. Zoric

On Gas Bubbles in Industrial Aluminium Cells with PrebakedAnodes and their Influence on the Curent Distribution. Proceedings of J. Appl. Electrochem., vol. 30 (7), p 787 2000STF24 S00542

M. Syvertsen

Hydrogen removal in a counter-current bubble column.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00513

F. Syvertsen, H. Sund and P. Misic

PROSMAT Shaped Castings of Aluminium: Castability CaseStudies, Final Report. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00655 *

A. Szymczyk, C. Labbez, P. Fievet, B. Aoubiza, C. Simon

and J. Pagetti

Global Streaming Potential Through Composite MicroporousMembranes. Lecture presented at 6th. International Conferenceon Inorganic Membranes (ICIM´6) in Montpellier, France June 2000STF24 S00018

G. Sævarsdottir

The effect of Ca and Al on electric arc behaviourSINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00511 *

B.S. Tanem, Aa. Stori

Investigation of phase behaviour in the melt in blends of single-site linear polyethylene and ethylene-1-alkene copoly-mers. Polymer vol. 42, no 9, p 4309-4319 2000 STF24 S00039

C. Thaulow, B. Nyhus, Z.L. Zhang, E. Østby

Application of a constraint corrrected failure assessment procedure for cracks located at the fusion line of weldments.Demo Grane. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00283 *

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 33

P U B L I C AT I O N S

C. Thaulow, Z.L. Zhang, E. Østby, B.Nyhus

Risk of brittle fracture in tension legs. Application of constraintcorrected fracture mechanics. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00273*

B.G. Tilset, J-A. Horst, I. Furulund, R. Haugsrud,

O. Dyrlie, S. Jørgensen

What´s Cooking got to do with Materials Research?Poster at "Open House" Day Forskningsparken 2000 STF24 S00044

G. Tranell, T. Hagelien, L. Kolbeinsen m.fl.

Results and Visualization From The First Campaign in LKABsExperimental Blastfurnace in Luleå. 59th Ironmaking ConferenceISS - Pittsburgh, 26-29 March 2000 STF24 S00529

G. Tranell, O. Ostrovski, S. Jahanshahi

Silica Activity and Raman Spectra of the CaO-SiO2-TiOxSystem. 6th Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts ConferenceJernkonotret KTH, Stockholm, 12-17 June 2000 STF24 S00530

F. Tyholdt, J.A. Horst, S. Jørgensen, T. Østvold and T. Norby

Segregation of SR IN sr-doped LaPO4 ceramics.Surface and Interface Analyses vol. 30, p 95-97 2000 STF24 S00062

K. Vinje, K. Olafsen, F. Männle

Alternative binders for compressed plant propagation mediabased on peat. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00022 *

J. Walmsley

Advantages of modern Auger instrumentation.Presentation at SIP seminar, Trondheim, 9 March 2000 STF24 S00916

J. Walmsley, C. van der Eijk

Preparation of TEM foils for analysis of complex inclusions insteel. 12th European Congress on Electron Microscopy, Brno,Czech Republic, July 2000 STF24 S00218

J. Walmsley, C. van der Eijk

Preparation of TEM foils for analysis of complex inclusions insteels. 12th European Congress on Electron Microscopy, Brno,Czech Republic, 9-14 July 2000 STF24 S00915

J.C. Walmsley, A. Bardal, K. Kleveland, M.A. Einarsrud

and T. Grande

Microstructure and the influence of spontaneous strain inLaCoO3,La0.8Sr0.2CoO3, and La0.8Ca0.2CoO3. Journal ofMatererial Science, Vol. 35, p 4251-4260 2000 STF24 S00911

Z.L. Zhang, Ø. Gundersen. R. Aune, J. Ødegård, Ø. Grong

A method for determining temperature and microstructuredependent appearent yield strength for aluminium alloys byusing the Satoh test. International Journal of Plasiticity 2000STF24 S00202

Z.L. Zhang

Notch Mechanics for the Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems(MEMS). SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00215 *

Z.L. Zhang

A holistic modelling approach for welded joints.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00232 *

Z.L. Zhang, J. Liu

Characterization of mechanical properties of high strength7108.70 T6 aluminium alloys. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00239 *

Z.L. Zhang, J. Ødegård, C. Thaulow

Novel methods for determining true stress strain curves ofweldments and homogenous materials. Lecture at the 13thEuropean Conference on Fracture, Fracture Mechanics: Applicationand Challenges, 6-9 September San Sebastian, Spain 2000 STF24 S00221

Z.L. Zhang

Effect of geometry constraint and material mismarch on thenear tip stress fields of an interface crack. Lecture at 4thEUROMECH, Metz, France, 24-29 June 2000 STF24 S00212

Z.L. Zhang

Alternative testing methods for better characterization ofAluminium weldments. Lecture at Aluminium Seminar, Vækerø, 6June 2000 2000 STF24 S00211

J. Ødegård

Effects of Gap in welded Tubular Aluminium T-joints on EnergyAbsorption Capacity. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00237 *

B. Øye

Silicon Sawing Slurry Sludge. Heat Treatment and Nitridation. SINTEF report 2000 STF24 F00620 *

IN NORWEGIAN

S. Abtahi og M. Lefstad

Flyt ved ekstrudering. Animasjon av simuleringsresultater.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00709

E. Abusland, T.G. Eggen

Inspeksjon av tank DI-24. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00213 *

E. Abusland

Inspeksjon av tankene RT 1, 2 og 3.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00247 *

E. Abusland

Inspeksjon innvendig av tank DI 43, og rørgate tilsluttet tank DI 41 og 43. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F99299 *

B. Andersson

Endring i overflatestruktur på båndstøpte valser og tilhørendestøpte plater. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00015 *

B. Andersson

Karakterisering av sprekker og strukturen på båndstøpeskall.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00049 *

E. Andreassen

Metoder for å observere hvs som skjer i formrommet.Presentasjon ved seminar for sprøytestøpeindustrien, Holmen Fjordhotell, Asker 4. april 2000 STF24 S00004

E. Andreassen

Aldring og slitasje av polymerfibre brukt til tauverk ogfiskeredskaper. Foredrag ved møte i Teko-forum, SINTEF Unimed, Trondheim, 21. november 2000 STF24 S00042

E. Andreassen

Strømningsinduserte visuelle defekter på overflaten av sprøy-testøpte produkter – Gjennomgang av litteratur og innledendereologiske studier. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00046 *

A. Augdal

Syn og fargemåling. Foredrag ved NMF-seminar Karakteriseringav metalliske overflater, Trondheim, 5. april 2000 STF24 S00928

A. Bardal

SEM-laboratoriet – Årsrapport 1999.

Ø. Bauger, A. Bjørgum, O. Lohne

Effekt av mikrostruktur på korrosjonsmotstanden til sveise7108.50 aluminiumprofiler. Foredrag på MetallurgiskSommermøte-2000, mai i Trondheim 2000 STF24 S00208

T. Bergstrøm

Dampeksplosjoner ved granulering av ferrolegeringer.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00519

M. Bjordal, S.B. Axelsen, E. Abusland

Pulverlakkert stål i korrosive miljø.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00675 *

A. Bjørgum

Korrosjon av aluminium i et multimetall kjølesystem.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00279 *

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 034

P U B L I C AT I O N S

A. Bjørgum

Aluminium med overflate som polert syrefast stål. State-of-the-art. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00280 *

R. Bredesen

Nye metoder for produksjon av hydrogen. Foredrag ved NorskHydrogen Forums Julemøte 5. desember 2000 STF24 S00060

T. Christensen

Vurdering av rehabiliteringsmetode for avløpssystem i ABS.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00201 *

T. Christensen

Relining med PE-100 rør; en vurdering av langtidsegenskaper.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00292

W. Dall

Årsrapport DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) 1999.SINTEF report 2000 STF24 A00517

W. Dall

Årsrapport for Størkningslaboratoriet 1999.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00516

O. Debernard

TEM av polymerer - metoder og teknikker. ISBN-nr. 82-14-00227-3, SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00012

M. Dhainaut, K. Bech, A. Solheim

Vannmodellforsøk i 3-dim. Hall-Heroult modell.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00649 *

A.L. Dons og W. Dall

Faser i Cu-holdige AlSi-støpelegeringer – etter støping og etterhomogenisering. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00556 *

A.L. Dons, W. Dall og T. Anzjøn

Partikkeloppløsning i AA7xxx-legeringer under homo-genisering og forvarming til ekstrudering – modellering ogeksperimenter. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00521 *

A.L. Dons, W. Dall, B. Karlsen

Oppløsning av Mg2Si-partikler under homogenisering avAA7xxx-legeringer. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00589 *

A.L. Dons

Fe-holdige partikler i Al-7%Si 0.1%Mg-legeringer med økendeFe-innhold. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00509 *

A.L. Dons

Korrosjon på grunn av Fe-holdige partikler i aluminium.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00703

A. L. Dons

Hva skjer når det tilsettes Cu i AlMgSi-legeringer og AlSi legeringer? NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000STF24 S00707

C. van der Eijk

Interaktive Inneslutninger i stål. Sommermøte, Norsk Metallurgisk Selskap, mai 2000 STF24 S00215

H. Fostervoll

Verkstedteknisk Lasersenter planlegges ved SINTEF/NTNU i Trondheim. Sveiseaktuelt nr 1 2000 STF24 S00220

H. Fostervoll

Mer kostnadseffektiv produksjon og bruk av sveiste belegg.Seminar "Sveise- og materialtekniske utfordringer i en industriellomstillingsperiode", NKF og NSF, Bergen, september 2000 STF24 S00237

K. Gastinger

Optisk formmåling. Foredrag ved NMF-seminar Karakterisering av metalliske overflater, Trondheim, 5. april 2000 STF24 S00926

S. Grådahl

Online målinger - prosessgass. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim,11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00516

S. Grådahl, S.T. Johansen, G. Nubdal, B. Ravary, J.C. Laclau,

T. Vassbotn, L.R. Hellevik

Miljø og Ovnsprosesser, Del III.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00600 *

S. Grådahl

Høytemperaturmålinger i Prosesser.Temperatur 2000, NIF, 7-8 juni, Oslo 2000 STF24 S00524

R.H. Gaarder

Beregninger av spenninger og tøyninger i et kar i HDPE for fiskeoppdrett. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00001 *

R.H. Gaarder

Test av inntaksgrind i hybridmaterialer for vannkraftanlegg.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00002 *

A.W. Hansen

TEFT-Nye materialegenskaper med gummi og polyuretan.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00595

A.W. Hansen

Framtaking av nytt verktøykonsept for tinn og sinkstøping.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00586

A.W. Hansen

Prototype av holder for bordbein. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00531*

B. Holme

Semiblankvalsing: Klassifisering av overflatedefekter.Foredrag holdt ved Holmestrand Rolling Mill 7. juni 2000 2000STF24 S00030

L.T. Høydal

Rotasjonsstøpte skumfylte produkter. Resultat fra rotasjonsstøp1998-1999. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00023 *

T. Haarberg

Miljøaspekter innen Ovnsteknologi; Muligheter framover.Miljøaspekter innen ovnsteknologi, Trondheim, 4-6 april 2000STF24 S00508

H. Ilstad, M. Langseth

Aluminiumskum for beskyttelse mot miner.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00233 *

S.T. Johansen

Strømningsteknikk og Miljøteknologi. Miljøaspekter innen ovnsteknologi Trondheim 4-6 april 2000 STF24 S00507

S.T. Johansen

Flerfasemodeller som verktøy for å prediktere metallurgiskeprosesser. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00522

L. Kolbeinsen

Termodynamiske og Kinetiske forhold ved gassreduksjon av Jernoksider. Prøveforelesning v/NTNU, 13. april 2000 STF24 S00509

L. Kolbeinsen

Industriell Økologi Sett Fra Et Prosessmetallurgisk Synspunkt. Miljøaspekter innen ovnsteknologi Trondheim, 4-6 april 2000 STF24 S00504b

T. Kolås

Hardhetstesting av belegg. Foredrag ved NMF-seminarKarakterisering av metalliske overflater, Trondheim, 5. april 2000STF24 S00929

F. Lapique, Å. Larsen and R.H. Gaarder

Kortfiberarmerte termoplaster. Oral presentation, 4. Norske polymer og kolloidvitenskapelige Vårmøte, Wadahl Høgfjellshotell,Norway, 3-5 april 2000 STF24 S00026

F. Lapique, E. Andreassen

VARP-spredning: "Simulering av sprøytestøping og sprøyte-støpte komponenters mekaniske respons. Presentasjon av

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 35

P U B L I C AT I O N S

resultater fra prosjektet "Simulering av sprøytestøping og sprøytestøpte komponenters mekaniske respons" 6. juni 2000,Åndalsnes 2000 STF24 S00028

M. Lefstad

Kalibrering av 8MN hydraulisk presse for år 2000.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00539

M. Lefstad

Flytforhold ved ekstrudering. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00596*

M. Lefstad

Årsrapport 1999 for 8 MN hydraulisk presse.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00529

I. Lindseth

Valsing og optiske egenskaper.Seminar HARP Overflate-BRIGHT,Holmestrand 7. juni 2000 STF24 S00920

I. Lindseth

Overflatetopografi og ruhet. Foredrag ved NMF-seminarKarakterisering av metalliske overflater, Trondheim, 5. april, 2000STF24 S00927

Ø. Lintvedt, J.I. Løvik, B.K. Christoffersen, J. Elnæs,

B.N. Laursen og E. Andreassen

Notater fra prosjektet "Simulering av sprøytestøping og sprøytestøpte komponenters mekaniske respons" – 1999.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00007 *

O. Lohne og P. Ulseth

Mikrostruktur i aluminiumbronsen benyttet i verktøy ved Intra as. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00522 *

O. Lohne og W. Dall

Vurdering av skade i messingkopling - Skade nr.2083958.002.36. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00536 *

O. Lohne

Kjemisk analyse av aluminium-prøver tatt fra Sleipner.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00592 *

O. Lunder, E. Pedersen

PROSMAT Overflate – Korrosjon Substrat Filiformkorrosjon av3105.17 og 3003 – Effekt av batchgløding.SINTEF rapport 2000STF24 F00209 *

K.A. Malo, H. Ilstad

Statiske og dynamiske forsøk på termosflasker.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00236 *

A. Mo

Nettverksprosjekter innenfor europeisk aluminiumsforskning. Polyteknisk forening, Oslo 14. november 2000 STF24 S00037

B. Monsen

Trekull kutter CO2-utslippene fra norsk ferrolegeringsindustri – men til hvilken pris? Foredrag, Norsk Metallurgisk Selskap'sSommermøte 11-12 mai 2000 Trondheim 2000 STF24 S00502

B. E. Monsen

Silisium sagslam. Rapport fra innledende forsøk.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00535 *

B. Monsen

Redusert CO2-utslipp ved bruk av biokarbon i ferrolegerings-industrien. Foredrag, "Miljøaspekter innen ovnsteknologi" 4-6 april i Trondheim, Pirsenteret. Arr: SINTEF Materialteknologi2000 STF24 S00501

F. Männle

Nedbrytning og stabilisering av et analysereagens.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00014 *

F. Männle

Polyakrylamid i vann: Oppbygning, analyse, nedbrytning.Fagtreff Norsk vannforening 7. februar 2000 STF24 S00022

F. Männle

Analyse av akrylater, epoxider, polyvinylacetat og polystyren i inndampet prosessvann. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00032 *

A. Nordmark

Undersøkelse av Aluminiumbronse benyttet i verktøy ved Intra as. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00510 *

A. Nordmark, R. Østvik

Støping og testing av innvendig ventilerte bremseskiver i overeutektisk aluminium-silisium legering.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00537 *

A. Nordmark

Bruk av keramikkformer til direkte støping av verktøy for kokille-støping. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00559

A. Nordmark

Støping av Al-kompositt testskiver – Squeeze Casting avPMMC Bremseskiver, Uke 9, 2000. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00560 *

E. Olsen

Elektrokjemisk fremstilling av SoGSi. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00612 *

E. Olsen

Renhetskrav til solcelle-silisium". En litteraturstudie.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00510

K.S. Osen

Anvendelse av YSZ membran pO2 elektrode for bestemmelseav oksid i kloridsmelter. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00520

K. Pedersen

Formbarhetsdiagram – Marciniak test/simulering.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00706

B. Ravary

NOx, dioxin og PAH fra FeSi ovner.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00518

Ola Raaness

Støv i Si-metall og FeSi verk.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12.mai 2000 STF24 S00517

Chr. Schøning

Ildfaste materialer for aluminium støperiinstallasjoner.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00512

C. Simensen og Ø. Nielsen

Kornforfining av aluminium og Al-7wt%Si legeringer; en sammenligning mellom forsøk og matematisk modell.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00048 *

C. Simon

Harde belegg v.h.a. keramiske nanopartikler.Foredrag på Forum for sprøytestøping, Asker, presenteres 5. april 2000 STF24 S00011

A. Solheim

Første oppgradering av strømutbyttemodell. Rapport for PROSMAT P3.13, Strømning, masse- og varme-overgang i aluminium elektrolyseceller. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00527 *

A. Solheim, K. Bech

Regnearkmodell for beregning av interpolaravstand ogcellespenning. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00637 *

A. Solheim

Fysikalsk-kjemiske og termodynamiske data for aluminiums-elektrolysen. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00514

I. Solheim

Måling av diffusjonskoeffisienter i flytende Al.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00515

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 036

R. Spooren

Aluminium i belysningsreflektorer – The big picture.Seminar HARP OVERFLATE – BRIGHT – 1/2000, Holmestrand 7.juni 2000 STF24 S00905

H. Sund

Støping av en rørkobling ISIFLO 160 i AlMg3.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 A00629

H. Sund

Temperaturforløp til størknende AZ91-smelte i skuddsylinder.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00528 *

H. Sund

Støping og mekanisk testing av T-formet knutepunkt.NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00704

M. Svenning

Korrosjonstesting av rustfritt stålplater etter brann 61A90A02-Snorre B. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00248 *

T. Svinning

Tynnplateforming med moderne stål - Et VARP-prosjekt vedRing mekanikk. Plateforum, Furnes, 6. september 2000 STF24 S00711

T. Svinning

Eksperimentell bestemmelse av bøybarhet for ekstruderte profiler. Foredrag NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000STF24 S00700

T. Svinning

Vellykket produktutvikling: Samspill mellom produktkrav, materialer og produksjon. Temadag Forum for produktutvikling og design, Oslo, 3. oktober 2000 STF24 S00710

F. Syvertsen

Formfylling av aluminiumplater, simulering, vannmodellforsøk,virkelige avstøp. Foredrag, Norges Støperitekniske Forenings Årskongress i Bergen 27. mai, 2000 STF24 S00714

F. Syvertsen

Ettermating av AlSiMg støpelegeringer. NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00705

F. Syvertsen og P. Misic

Varmsprekktendens hos AlMgSi-legeringer som følge av varierende magnesium- og silisiuminnhold.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00678 *

F. Syvertsen

Flytbarhet av AlMgSi-legeringer med varierende innhold avmagnesium og silisium. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00654 *

F. Syvertsen

Ettermating av AlMgSi-legeringer ved sandstøping som følgeav varierende magnesium- og silisiuminnhold.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00664 *

B.G. Tilset

HARCOAT, Teknisk rapport desember 1999 til mai 2000.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00024 *

P. Ulseth

Mikrostruktur skaper produkter. Metallografiske teknikkerkarakteriserer materialene og overflatene. ForedragOverflatedagene 2000, Oslo, desember 2000 STF24 S00713

K. Vinje

Resirkulering av cellegummi. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00006 *

K. Vinje

Årsrapport "Utvikling av cellegummi som isolasjonsmateriale".Gjennomgang av reseptvariable mht optimalisering av stivhetog u-verdi. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00044 *

S. Winther

Optisk NDT. NDT-konferansen 2000, Rica Park Hotel, Sandefjord,4-6 juni 2000 STF24 S00904

A.N. Wærnes

Forskning på Solcelle-Si ved SINTEF Materialteknologi".NMS-sommermøte, Trondheim, 11-12 mai 2000 STF24 S00511

A.N. Wærnes

Termodynamisk Grunnlag. Miljøaspekter innen ovnsteknologiTrondheim 4-6 april 2000 STF24 S00506

J. Ødegård

Intelligente materialer - et blikk inn i fremtiden. Foredrag ved Norsk Stålforbunds årsmøte i Oslo 6. April 2000STF24 S00206

O. Ørjasæter

Utmattingsprøving av Al-smigods. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00225 *

B. Øye

Sigegjenskaper til ildfaste støpemasser som funksjon av porøsitet. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00569 *

B. Øye

Litteratursøk: Magnesittmaterialer. Termosjokkresistens, produksjon og råstoffer. SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00565 *

B Øye

Kvantitativ XRD, Del 2.SINTEF rapport 2000 STF24 F00520 *

SINTEF Materials Technology

Vice President Research

AppliedPhysics

Corrosion, Joiningand SurfaceTechnology

Casting and Metal Forming,

Trondheim

Casting and Metal Forming,

Oslo

FractureMechanics and

Materials Testing

Polymers andComposites

ProcessMetallurgy and

Ceramics

Administration

The Board of theSINTEF Materials

Technology

ORGANIZATION

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0 37

S I N T E F M AT E R I A L S T E C H N O L O G Y

KEY ECONOMIC FIGURES IN 2000

NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN 2000

15

10

5

01994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Budget

Investments and purchases

Result

Research financed by SINTEF

«Best practice» is investmentand result above this level

EMPLOYEES – Different Categories

Total 167 on 31 December 2000

INCOME 2000 – SINTEF Materials Technology

Scientists: 109 (65 %)

60 % of whom have doctoral degrees

Administrative staff: 16 (10 %)

Engineers andtechnicians: 42 (25 %)

NET TURNOVER

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

113 MNOK

108 MNOK

116 MNOK

117 MNOK

127 MNOK

121 MNOK

117 MNOK

121 MNOK Budget

0-50 50-200 200-500 500-1000 >1000

Project size (NOK thousands)

Turnover

Number

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

%

%

0 30 60 90 120 150 NOK milions

BOARD MEMBERSExecutive Vice president (Chairman) Dag Slotfeldt-Ellingsen, SINTEF

Vice president research, Unni M. Steinsmo, SINTEF

Senior consultant, Agnes Skarholt, SINTEF

Senior research scientist, Einar Hinrichsen, SINTEF

Research scientist, Marit Bjordal, SINTEF

Managing director, Olav Meland, Elsola AS

Manager, Håkon Westengen, Norsk Hydro ASA

Professor, Lars Arnberg, NTNU

Professor, Tore Amundsen, UiO

Metallurgical industry 49%

Polymer and composite industry 7 %

International industryand EU 9 %

Research council 7 %

Public sector 4 %

Oil companies 6 %

Mechanicalindustry 14 %

Other process industry 4%

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 038

SINTEF’s councilSINTEF’s Board

PresidentVice-president

SINTEF Applied

Chemistry

SINTEFApplied

Mathematics

SINTEF Civil andEnvironmental

Engineering

SINTEF Electronics and

Cybernetics

SINTEF Fisheries andAquaculture

SINTEFMaterials

Technology

SINTEF PetroleumResearch

SINTEFIndustrial

Management

SINTEF Telecom andInformatics

SINTEF Unimed

MARINTEK– Norwegian MarineTechnology Research

SINTEF Energy Research

SINTEFs organization

Share of turnover by Research Institutes and Research Companies

SINTEF Civil and Environm. Eng.

MARINTEK

SINTEF Materials Technology

SINTEF Energy Research

SINTEF Applied Chemistry

SINTEF Industrial Management

SINTEF Telecom and Informatics

SINVENT AS

SINTEF Unimed

SINTEF Electronics and Cybernetics

SINTEF Applied Mathematics

SINTEF Petroleum Research

SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

0 50 100 150 200

NOK millions

The SINTEF Group performs contractresearch and development work forindustry and the public sector in tech-nology, medicine and the natural andsocial sciences. With 1800 employeesand an annual turnover of NOK 1.5billion, SINTEF is one of Europe'slargest independent research orga-nizations. Contracts from the publicand private sectors provide 90% ofour operating revenue. SINTEF worksin close collaboration with theNorwegian University of Science andTechnology (NTNU). Our expertscooperate in projects and share labo-ratories and equipment. Together, thetwo institutions form a centre ofexpertise with high internationalstanding. We also cooperate with theUniversity of Oslo. As a foundation,our objective is to ensure that know-ledge is used to promote sustainablevalue creation in society. Our work isto contribute to the competitivenessof Norwegian industry and publicsector productivity.

Quality assuranceSINTEF is committed to ensuring thatwe produce high quality deliverables.This means that our products are tobe relevant and useful for our clients,maintain high scientific and qualitystandards, and be presented professi-onally. If required by clients, our qua-lity assurance ensures that our pro-jects meet the requirements of NS-ENISO 9001 quality standards. Many ofour laboratories are accredited accor-ding to EN 45001 or the GLP scheme.

Technology transfer and commercializationSINTEF collaborates with theResearch Council of Norway, theNorwegian Industrial and RegionalDevelopment Fund and NTNU in aprogramme called FORNY Midt-Norgeaimed at commercializing businessideas. This programme is run by LeivEiriksson Nyfotek AS, where SINTEFand NTNU are the majority owners.Each year this company completes 15to 20 commercialization projects.Another measure is the TEFTprogramme which enables SINTEF togive technology support to small andmedium-sized companies. TEFT atta-chés cover the whole of Norway andcarry out about 300 company visitsannually.

SINVENT AS

T H E S I N T E F G R O U P

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 0

SINTEF MaterialsTechnology has facilities inTrondheim and Oslo, Norway.

Trondheim

Visiting address:R. Birkelands vei 2B, Trondheim

Postal address:SINTEF Materials TechnologyN-7465 Trondheim, Norway

Institute secretary:Sissel M. LøbergTel.: +47 73 59 29 10Fax: +47 73 59 70 43E-mail: Sissel.Loberg@matek.sintef.no

Oslo

Visiting address:Forskningsveien 1Oslo, Norway

Postal address:SINTEF MaterialteknologiP.O.Box 124 BlindernN-0314 Oslo, Norway

Institute secretary:Unni HenriksenTel.: +47 22 06 75 81Fax: +47 22 06 73 50E-mail: Unni.Henriksen@matek.sintef.no

SINTEF Materials Technology

Vice President Research: Unni SteinsmoTel.: +47 73 59 78 10Fas: +47 73 59 70 43E-mail: Unni.M.Steinsmo@matek.sintef.no

For general information, contact:

Senior consultant Tom BerlandTel.: +47 73 59 23 96Fax: +47 73 59 70 43E-mail: Tom.E.Berland@matek.sintef.no

How to get in touch with us

Published by: SINTEF Materials Technology

Editor: Tom Berland, SINTEF Materials Technology

Reporters: Anne Lise Aakervik, Jan Helstad, Julie Maske, SINTEF Media

Design: Inger Reistad RyghGraphic Centre, SINTEF

Cover: ”Collage of materials”Graphic Centre, SINTEF

Print: Grytting AS – May 2001