tech presentation (part 1)
TRANSCRIPT
Technology Terms─ Abhijit Roy
Hardware
• Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices.
• Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM.
• External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners.
• In information technology, hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other devices.
Software
• Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs. Related terms such as software programs, applications, scripts, and instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software.
• Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices.
Browser
• Browser interprets HTML code including text, images, hypertext links, Javascript, and Java applets. After rendering the HTML code, the browser displays a nicely formatted page.
• Some common browsers are:
• Microsoft Internet Explorer,
• Mozilla Firefox,
• Google Chrome
• Apple Safari.
• A Web browser, often just called a "browser," is the program people use to access the World Wide Web.
HTML
• Web pages must conform to the rules of HTML in order to be displayed correctly in a Web browser.
• The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images for the user.
• Each individual markup code is referred to as an element (also refer to it as a tag) like <html>, <head>, <head>, <title>, <script>, <body>, <div>…
• HTML 5 is the next revision of the HTML, with many addition like
• New attributes
• Drag and drop
• Back button management
• Timed media playback
• Offline editing
• Messaging enhancements
• Stands for "Hyper-Text Markup Language." HTML is the set of markupsymbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a standard Web browser.
HTML| DEMO
HTTP
• HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.
• HTTP defines methods (also referred to as verbs) to indicate the desired action to be performed on the identified resource.
• Requests methods in use:
• GET
• HEAD
• POST
• PUT
• TRACE ...
• Stands for "HyperText Transfer Protocol." This is the protocol used to transfer data over the World Wide Web.
DBMS
• The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs.
• Some DBMS examples include
• Oracle,
• SQL Server,
• DB2 / DB 400
• MySQL
• Stands for "Database Management System." DBMS is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data.
Table
• Databases often contain multiple tables, with each one designed for a specific purpose.
• A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows.
• Each row is identified by the values appearing in a particular column subset which has been identified as a unique key index.
• A table is a data structure that organizes information into rows and columns. It can be used to both store and display data in a structured format.
SQL
• SQL is a query language used for accessing and modifying information in a database.
• Some common SQL commands include "insert," "update," and "delete.“
• Stands for "Structured Query Language," and can be pronounced as either "sequel" or "S-Q-L."
Index
• Most database software includes indexing technology that enables sub-linear time lookup to improve performance, as linear search is inefficient for large databases.
• Indices are used to police database constraints, such as UNIQUE, EXCLUSION, PRIMARY KEY and FOREIGN KEY.
• An index may be declared as UNIQUE which creates an implicit constraint on the underlying table.
• Database systems usually implicitly create an index on a set of columns declared PRIMARY KEY, and some are capable of using an already existing index to police this constraint.
• In a relational database, indexes are used to quickly and efficiently provide the exact location of the corresponding data.
API
• An API is a set of commands, functions, and protocols which programmers can use when building software for a specific operating system.
• The API allows programmers to use predefined functions to interact with the operating system, instead of writing them from scratch.
• API makes the programmer's job easier, it also benefits the end user, since it ensures all programs using the same API will have a similar user interface.
• Stands for "Application Program Interface," though it is sometimes referred to as an "Application Programming Interface."
SSRS
• SSRS includes a complete set of tools for you to create, manage, and deliver reports, and APIs that enable developers to integrate or extend data and report processing in custom applications.
• With SSRS, one can create interactive, tabular, graphical, or free-form reports from relational, multidimensional, or XML-based data sources.
• Reports can include rich data visualization, including charts, maps, and sparklines.
• One can publish reports, schedule report processing, or access reports on-demand.
• One can select from a variety of viewing formats, export reports to other applications such as Microsoft Excel, and subscribe to published reports.
• SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is a server-based reporting platform from Microsoft that provides comprehensive reporting functionality for a variety of data sources.
XML
• The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet
• It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world
• It is identified as best method of exchanging data between distinct application
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
XML Sample | DEMO
CSS
• CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.
• This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tablelessweb design).
• CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language.
CSS Sample | DEMO
IDE
• The IDE may be a standalone application or may be included as part of one or more existing and compatible applications.
• IDEs provide a user-friendly framework for many modern programming languages, such as MS Visual Studio, Eclipse, PL/Sql Developer etc..
• IDEs for developing HTML applications are among the most commonly used.
• An Integrated Development Environment is a programming environment that has been packaged as an application program, typically consisting of a code editor, a compiler, a debugger, and a graphical user interface (GUI) builder.
IDE | DEMO
Cloud Computing
• The idea of the "cloud" simplifies the many network connections and computer systems involved in online services.
• Any user with an Internet connection can access the cloud and the services it provides.
• Since these services are often connected, users can share information between multiple systems and with other users.
• Cloud computing refers to applications and services offered over the Internet. These services are offered from data centers all over the world, which collectively are referred to as the "cloud."
Batch File
• A user can also create a custom batch file to automate tedious processes such as copying multiple directories or renaming several files at once.
• Batch files are run by the COMMAND.COM program, which is part of DOS and Windows.
• Linux and Unix have other scripting tools, such as shell commands, that can be used for similar tasks.
• Windows batch file have extension as .bat; Linux and Unix files have extension as .sh or .bsh
• A batch file is a type of script that contains a list of commands. These commands are executed in sequence and can be used to automate processes.
Compiler
• Compiler is included as part of the integrated development environment IDE with most programming software packages.
• The compiler takes source code files that are written in a high-level language, such as C#, CB, or Java, and compiles the code into a low-level language, such as machine code or assembly code.
• After a compiler compiles source code files into a program, the program cannot be modified.
• Therefore, any changes must be made in the source code and the program must be recompiled.
• A compiler is a software program that compiles program source code files into an executable program.
DLL
• Dynamic links help programs use resources, such as memory and hard drive space, more efficiently.
• DLL files can also be used by more than one program, they can even be used by multiple programs at the same time.
• DLLs are compiled programs that need not be opened rather it will be referred or called for specific function (purpose).
• Stands for "Dynamic Link Library." A DLL (.dll) file contains a library of functions and other information that can be accessed by a Windows program. When a program is launched, links to the necessary .dll files are created.
ASP.NET
• ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language.
• ASP.NET aims for performance benefits over other script-based technologies (including classic ASP) by compiling the server-side code to one or more DLL files on the Web server.
• ASP.NET website must be published to a Web server that supports ASP.NET applications.
• Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) Web server is by far the most common platform for ASP.NET websites.
• ASP.NET is a server-side Web application framework designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services.
Programming Language
• Languages that programmers use to write code are called “high-level languages”.
• This code can be compiled into a “low-level language”, which is recognized directly by the computer hardware.
• Examples of high-level languages include C++, C#, Java, Perl & Php.
• Languages like C#, C++ and Java are called “compiled languages” since the source code must first be compiled in order to run.
• Languages like Perl and PHP are called “interpreted languages” since the source code can be run through an interpreter without being compiled.
• A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax use to create a software program.
Java
• Java was originally designed for developing programs for set-top boxes and handheld devices, but later became a popular choice for creating web applications.
• The Java syntax is similar to C++, but is strictly an object-oriented programming language.
• Java programs are interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, which runs on multiple platforms.
• JVM is included as part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
• Java is a high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java is, as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 10 million users.
Javascript
• As part of web browsers, implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed.
• It has also become common in server-side programming, game development and the creation of desktop applications.
• JavaScript has become one of the most popular programming languages on the web.
• Web developers can use JavaScript to validate form input, create image rollovers, and to open those annoying pop-up windows.
• Like Java, this is a programming lanuguage designed by Sun Microsystems, in conjuction with Netscape, that can be integrated into standard HTML pages.
UI
• A good user interface provides a "user-friendly" experience, allowing the user to interact with the software or hardware in a natural and intuitive way.
• Nearly all software programs have a graphical user interface, or GUI. This means the program includes graphical controls, which the user can select using a mouse or keyboard.
• A typical GUI of a software program includes a menu bar, toolbar, windows, buttons, and other controls.
• A user interface, also called a "UI" or simply an "interface," is the means in which a person controls a software application or hardware device.
UX
• Additionally, it includes a person’s perceptions of the practical aspects such as utility, ease of use and efficiency of the system.
• User experience is subjective in nature because it is about individual perception and thought with respect to the system.
• User experience is dynamic as it is constantly modified over time due to changing circumstances and new innovations.
• User experience (UX) involves a person's emotions about using a particular product, system or service. User experience highlights the experiential, affective, meaningful and valuable aspects of human-computer interaction and product ownership
IIS
• IIS 7.5 supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP.
• It is an integral part of the Windows Server family of products (and their client counterparts in the cases of Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000), as well as certain editions of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.
• IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed.
• The IIS Manager is accessed through the Microsoft Management Console or Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
• Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information Server – is a Microsoft web server software application and set of feature extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows.
Internet Information Services (IIS) | DEMO
App Pools
• Isolation of different web application
• Individual worker process for different web application
• More reliably web application
• Better Performance
• Application / App pools are used to separate sets of IIS worker processes that share the same configuration and application boundaries. App pools used to isolate our web application for better security, reliability, availability and performance and keep running with out impacting each other.
Hyperlink
• Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to page.
• Text hyperlinks are by default in blue color and underlined, but it depends on how site is designed.
• When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link.
• When you click it, a new page or place in the current page will open.
• A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. Hyperlinks, often referred to as just links.
Source Code
• The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the work of computer programmers, who specifies the actions to be performed by a computer mostly by writing source code.
• The source code is often transformed by a compiler program into low-level machine code understood by the computer.
• Most computer applications are distributed in a form that includes executable files, where source code are not included.
• In computer science, source code is any collection of computer instructions (possibly with comments) written using some human-readable computer language, usually as text.
Framework
• Advantage of using framework is it streamlines the development process since programmers don't need to reinvent the wheel each time.
• A framework is similar to an API.
• As the name suggests, a framework serves as a foundation for programming, while an API provides access to the elements supported by the framework.
• Framework in use : Web application framework, Application framework - General GUI applications, Middleware, Enterprise Architecture framework, Decision support systems, Multimedia framework - Media playback and authoring, Cactus Framework - High performance scientific computing, etc...
• A framework, is a platform that provides a foundation using which programs can be build. Framework includes predefined functions that can be used to build applications.
Version Control System
• Changes are usually identified by a number or letter code, termed the "revision number", "revision level", or simply "revision".
• For example, an initial set of files is "revision 1". When the first change is made, the resulting set is "revision 2", and so on.
• Each revision is associated with a timestamp and the person making the change. Revisions can be compared, restored, and with some types of files, merged.
• Known VCS: Git, Mercurial, Subversion (SVN), Team Foundation Server (TFS), Visual SourceSafe (VSS),
• Revision control, also known as version control and source control (and an aspect of software configuration management), is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, large web sites, and other collections of information.
Thank You | FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION
Contain from:http://www.techterms.com/definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/