Teaching Courseware:

New Business English Intensive Reading Book One

B

New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook One

B

Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College

10 Air Travel8 Manners6 Jewelry9 Telephone Calls7 Body Language

New Business English Intensive Reading Book One

B

Picture--Word Associating Game

Unit Six

Unit Seven

Unit Eight

Unit Nine

Unit Ten

Unit SixJewelry

Unit SevenBody Language

Unit EightManners

Unit NineTelephone Calls

Unit TenAir Travel

Warmup

Text

Translation

Notes

New Word

Examples

Exercises

Extended ActivitiesUnit Six --- Reading IDiamond-- cutter Ephraim

Diamond-cutter Ephraim

. There was a man called Ephraim who lived in Johannesburg. His father was to do with diamonds, as had been his father. The family were immigrants. This is still true of all people from Johannesburg, a city a little over a century old. Ephraim was a middle son, not brilliantor stupid, not good or bad. He was nothing in particular. His brothers became diamond merchants, but Ephraim was not cut out for anything immediately obvious, and so at last

Text

he was apprenticed to an uncle to learn the trade of diamond-cutting. 2. To cut a diamond perfectly is an act like a samurais sword-thrust , or a master archers centered arrow . When an important diamond is shaped a man may spend a week, or even weeks, studying it, accumulatingpowers of attention, memory, intuition, till he has reached that moment when he finally knows that a tap , no more, at just that point of tensionin the stone will splitit exactly so.

pendant

3. While Ephraim learned to do this, he lived at home in a Johannesburg suburb; and his brothers and sisters married and had families. He was the son who took his time about getting married, and about whom the family first joked, saying that he was choosy ; and then they remained silent when others talked of him with that edge on their voices, irritated, a little malicious, even frightened, which is caused by those men and women who refuse to fulfillthe ordinary purposes of nature. The kind ones said he was a good son, working nicely under his uncle Ben, and livingearrings

respectably at home, and on Sunday nights playing pokerwith bachelor friends he was twenty-five, then thirty, thirty-five, forty. His father became old and died, and he lived in the family house. People stopped noticing him. Nothing was expected of him.

4. Then a senior person became ill, and Ephraim was asked to fly in his stead to Alexandria for a special job. A certain rich merchant of Alexandria had purchased an uncut diamond as a present for his daughter, who was to be married shortly. He wished only the best for The diamond. Ephraim, revealed by this

happening as one of the worlds master diamond-cutters, flew to Egypt, spent some days in communion with the stone in a quiet room in the merchants house, and then caused it to fall apart into three lovely pieces. These were for a ring and earrings.

5. Now he should have flown home again; but the merchant asked him to dinner. An oddchance thatunusual. Not many people got inside that rich closed world. But perhaps the merchant had become infected by the week of rising tension while Ephraim became one with the diamond in a quiet room.

6. At dinner Ephraim met the girl for whom the jewels were destined .

:

1 Ephraim EphraimEphraim

2

3 Ephraim25303540

4 Ephraim

Ephraim

5 Ephraim

6 Ephraim

Work with your partner and write out the words about jewelry: What You Wear:

ring , bracelet ,, hair pin ,

necklace , earrings , brooch ,

pendant ;

Warm--up

What They Are Made of :

karat gold K , pure silver , platinum ,

pearl , diamond , amber ,

coral , shell , ruby , diamond amber

emerald , jade, crystal ,

sapphire , topaz , emerald ,,

jet , marble , quartz

zircon , period , garnet ,

gemstone .

2. Pairwork: 1) What is the hardest substance found in nature? 2) What do you know about diamond? 3) Why is a diamond so precious? 4) Why do many people prefer to use diamonds for jewelry? 5) In what ways can you estimate the value of a diamond? Diamond is a clear, very hard and valuable stone, used in jewelry and in industry. Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C. in India. The name diamond comes from the Greek word adamas which means unconquerable-----suggesting the eternity of love . Diamond is composed of a single element, the purest of all gemstones . Its a colorless stone. Some other occasional colors are; blue, yellow, amber , red, green, pink. The value of a diamond, 4Cs: Cut , Clarity , Color , Carat Weight

Johannesburg: the largest city in South Africa founded in 1886 after gold was discovered in the area. ()

2. as had been his father: just as Ephraims father, that is, Ephraims grandfather, had worked with diamonds.

3. but Ephraim was not cut out for anything immediately obvious: At that time, it was not clear what particular job was suitable for Ephraim.

4. sword-thrust: a sudden, forceful push of sword

5. master archer: a very good archer with a lot of skill.

Notes

6. centered arrow: the arrow that hits at the center (the inner ring) of the target.

7. take ones time: not in a hurry.

8. refuse to fulfill the ordinary purposes of nature: refuse to get married and have children.

9. with that edge on their voice: talk with a sharp tone (of his unwillingness to get married soon)

10. Nothing was expected of him: His family members didnt expect him to make any great achievements in his career.

11. Alexandria: a port in the north of Egypt. ()

12. spent some days in communion with the stone: spent some days studying the diamond closely and trying to figure out how to cut it; He was so absorbed in his job that the diamond seemed to communicate with each other.

13. rich closed world: the rich merchants house which few people had the chance to get in and know about.

14. infected by the week of rising tension: the anxiety of the merchant increased during the week while Ephraim was doing diamond cutting.

15. become one with the diamond: Ephraim was so absorbed in his diamond-cutting that he and the diamond seemed to have merged into one physical being.

1. immigrant n. 2. brilliant a. 3. merchant n. 4. apprentice v. 5. samurai n. 6. thrust n.

7. archer n. 8. arrow n. 9.accumulate v. 10. intuition n. 11. tap n. 12. tension n. 11. split v.

New Words

14. choosy a. 15.edge n. 16. irritated a. 17. malicious a. 18. fulfil v. 19. respectably ad. 20. poker n.

21. bachelor n. 22. shortly ad.23. reveal v. 24. communion n. 25. earring n. 26. odd a. 27. infect v. 28. destined a.

1. be to do with 2. be cit out for 3. Joke about (sth.) / with (sb.)

4. in someones stead5. in communion with 6. fail apart

Unit SixWhat words can you associate with the pictures?choosy a.malicious a.reveal v.

intuition n.merchant n. brilliant a.infect v.destined a.samurai n.

archer n.arrow n.accumulate v.bachelor n.shortly ad.communion n.

thrust n.tension n.earring n.fulfil v.respectably ad.odd a.

edge n.irritated a.split v.immigrant n.apprentice n.poker n.

1. immigrant n. 2. brilliant a. 3. merchant n. 4. apprentice v. 5. samurai n. 6. thrust n.

7. archer n. 8. arrow n. 9. accumulate v. 10. intuition n. 11. tap n. 12. tension n. 11. split v.

New Words

14. choosy a. 15. edge n. 16. irritated a. 17. malicious a. 18. fulfil v. 19. respectably ad. 20. poker n.

21. bachelor n. 22. shortly ad.23. reveal v. 24. communion n. 25. earring n. 26. odd a. 27. infect v. 28. destined a.

1. be to do with 2. be cit out for 3. joke about (sth.) / with (sb.)

4. in someones stead5. in communion with 6. fail apart

words related to jewels: precious stone gem ruby

sapphire emerald

opal jade

amber jet

topaz pearl

Examples

2. His father was to do with diamonds: When you say somebody is to do with something, it means he is destined to be related to something. e.g. Their conversation had been largely to do with work. Im sorry about the accident, but its nothing to do with me. 3. as had been his father: In this sentence, as is used to introduce a nonrestrictive attributive clause. This usage is frequently found in English. e.g. Sophia is not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. He is absent, as is often the case. When as is used to introduce attributive clauses, it is more often found together with such or same. e.g. He is not such a fool as he looks.

4. be true of / for: Something that is true of a group of people relates to all the people in that group. e.g. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especially true of single parents. Im very sorry that youve decided to leave, and Im sure that holds true for everyone else here.

5. brilliant VS stupid: These two words are opposite in meaning when used to modify a person. e.g. a brilliant idea / invention / scientist a stupid person / idea It was stupid of you to turn it upside down without closing the lid.

6. in particular: especially. e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an unusual color.

7. be cut out for sth. / to do sth.: e.g. Im not cut out for city life. Bill was never cut out to be a parent.

8. be apprenticed to : e.g. She was apprenticed to a plumber() apprentice() can be also used as a noun. e.g. an apprentice electrician take on a new apprentice

9. intuition n. e.g. know sth. by intuition base ones judgment on intuition My intuition told me he wasnt to be trusted.

10. tension 1) n. e.g. The wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.

2) n. () e.g. When he tightened the guitar string, it snapped under the tension.

3) n. e.g. Tension mounted (=increased) as we waited for the exam results to be published.

4) n. () e.g. reduce/ defuse international tension / The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.

11. split vi / vt. e.g. Rutherford discovered how to split the atom by fission() The river splits into three smaller streams at this point.

12. had families: had children (family=children). e.g. Have you any family?

13. take ones time: e.g. The workmen seem to be taking their time over repairing the road.

14. joke about/ with: e.g. You must not joke with him about religion.

15. choosy a. e.g. He is very choosy about what he eats.

16. edge n. e.g. The remark has a biting edge to it.

17. irritate vt. e.g. Her habit of biting her nails irritates me.

irritable a. e.g. He gets irritable when hes got toothache.

irritation n. e.g. Dont be so silly! he said with some irritation.

18. malicious a. e.g. a malicious attack on his reputation

malice n. e.g. He got no advantage out of it; he did it from pure malice.

19. bachelor: 1) n. e.g. a bachelor flat 2) n. e.g. a Bachelor of Arts a Bachelor of Science bachelors degree

20. in someones stead: e.g. The president is unable to attend, but will send the foreign minister in his stead.

21. in communion with: (formal) in special relationship with someone or something which makes you feel that you understand them very well. e.g. He lived in close communion with nature / God. commune v. e.g. Lying in the grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had communed with nature.

22. fall apart: to break (into pieces). e.g. The old book fell apart in my hands.

23. He should have flown home again: should have +V-ed refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is, an action which should take place in the past was actually not performed. e.g. You should have switched off the electric current.

24. odd a. e.g. odd behavior /people Its very odd that she didnt answer my phone. odd number odd jobs odds and ends

25. an odd chance that---unusual: that here is an adverb of degree, which means so or to such a degree. e.g. It wasnt that good, actually. We havent seen all that much of her recently.

26. destined a. e.g. They were destined never to see each other again. Beautiful and young, she seems destined for stardom at Holly wood.

27. infect 1) vt. e.g. She infected the whole class with her enthusiasm. 2) vt. e.g. The open wood soon became infected. Infection n. e.g. a lung/chest infection infectious a. e.g. Colds are infectious.

. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions.. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings provided.. Put the following words or expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues. Use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.Exercises

1. What did Ephraims brothers do for a livelihood? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Diamond merchants.

2. What can be learned about the city of Johannesburg? The key comes from Paragraph 1: A city with many immigrants, a little over a century old.

3. What career arrangement was made for young Ephraim? The key comes from Paragraph 1: He was apprenticed to an uncle to learn the trade of diamond-cutting.

4. Why is diamondcutting compared to a samurais sword-thrust? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Spend time, study carefully, accumulate powers of attention, memory, intuition, accurate.

5. What a life was Ephraim leading when he turned to be middle- aged? The key comes from Paragraph 3: He was joked by others. He was a good son, working nicely under his uncle ,and living respectably at home, and on Sunday nights playing poke with bachelor friends. He was alone in the family house after his father died. People stopped noticing him.

6. What did people think of Ephraim before he was recognized as one of the worlds master diamond--cutters? The key comes from Paragraph 3: His family said that he was choosy, and remain silent when others talked of him with that edge on their voice, irritated, a little malicious, even frightened, which is caused by those men and women who refuse to fulfil the ordinary purposes of nature. But some kind people said he was a good son.

7. Why was Ephraim asked to fly to Alexandria for a special job? The key comes from Paragraph 4: He went there for a special job instead of a senior person, who was ill. He wished only the best for the diamond. Ephraim, revealed by this happening as one of the worlds master diamond-cutters.

8. What was the uncut diamond bought for? The key comes from Paragraph 4: A rich merchant had an uncut diamond as a present for his daughter, who was to be married shortly.

9. Where did Ephraim stay when he cut the rich merchants diamond? The key comes from Paragraph 4: He spent some days in communion with the stone in a quiet room in the merchants house, and then caused it fall apart into three lovely pieces for one ring, two earrings.

10. Whom did Ephraim meet at the merchants dinner? The key comes from Paragraph 5: He met the girl for whom the jewels were destined.

( ) 1. The main idea of the story is that ________. a. Ephraim was blamed for his slowness in diamond cutting b. Ephraims family was engaged in diamond-cutting for several generations c. once an insignificant man Ephraim turned out to be a master diamond-cutter d. Ephraim learned the craft of diamond-cutting since his late childhood

( ) 2. It can be leaned form the story that _______. a. Ephraim had not cut any diamond single-handedly before cutting the rich merchants diamond b. the merchant had only one daughter and he loved her very much c. the merchant was very impressed while observing Ephraims way of working d. people living in the town of Johannesburg took great interest in Ephaims private life

( ) 3. Paragraph 2 mainly discusses ________. a. the value of diamonds b. the act of diamond cutting c. the art of sword-thrust d. the shaping of diamonds

( ) 4. We can infer from the text that ________. a. all immigrants in Johannesburg are good in diamond-cutting b. Ephraim was talented in diamond-cutting as a child c. Ephraim was exceptional as a child d. Ephraims family trade was to do with diamonds

( ) 5. Ephraim became a master diamond-cutter because ________. a. diamond-cutting was a popular trade in Johannesburg b. he was fond of cutting diamonds since childhood c. he remained single and devoted all his time to the trade of diamond-cutting d. the successful cutting of a rich merchants diamond made his skill knownKey: c. c. b. d. d

1. accumulate to become greater in quantity over a period2. brilliant very intelligent3. choosy very careful in choosy4. malicious intended to harm others5. bachelor an unmarried man

6. destined intend in advance or by fate7. odd unusual8. communion state of sharing or exchanging the same thoughts and feelings9. intuition the power of understanding or knowing something without reasoning10. fulfil () to perform (a duty)

joke about be to be destined be cut out of in ones stead infect take ones time do with fall apart edge to / on ones voice 1.The book may _______ you with a passion for mountain climbing.

2.Coming form a theatrical family, I ____________ for a career on the stage.

3.The situation is much more serious than you think, so please dont _____________it. infect was destinedjoke about

4.We have got a lot to talk about, since her job is ______________my business.

5.The woman behind the bar _____________opening the fruit juice, as if trying to needle us.

6.We__________have gone away last week, but I was ill.

to do withtake her timewere to

7.While the chairman is away, another director will act_______________.

8.She was trying to be calm, but there was a distinct______________.

9.Their marriage______________ when she found out her husband was having an affair with another woman..in his steadedge to her voicefell apart

10.Having lived in the village all his life, he ________________ the life in a large city.wont be cut out for

1.The President returned to work a little time after his operation. shortly2.Its strange that she didnt reply to our letters. Its very odd 3.Jerns particular about what she eats for breakfast. choosy4.I cant attend the meeting but Ill send my assistant instead. in my stead5.He is a painter who likes to be in the state of sharing with nature. in communion with6.They will never see each other again by fate. be destined never to see each other again

a. Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. v. b. A joke can be very revealing of what someones really thinking. a. c. He still did not reveal what felt about me. v.2. a. As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. v. b. Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. n. c. If you dont sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just keep on accumulating. v.

3. a. W e re looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to fulfil all of our criteria. v. b. Being laid off, he could not fulfil the role of the breadwinner for his family. v. c. Due to circumstances beyond our control, the fulfillment of your contract will be delayed by several weeks. n.

4. a. The financial performance of the business is fully expected to improve. v. b. Considering the problems hes had, there can be little expectation of him winning the race. n. c. You expect too much of John to think he can finish this job by Friday. v.

5. a. I absolutely refuse to take part in anything thats illegal. v. b. His argument is based on the refusal to protect the environment. v. c. The local council refused him planning permission to build an extra house. v.

B: Functions and Structure: Apologizing Key to I:1. Im very sorry, Thats OK. I feel so awful about it. Just forget about it.

2. dont worry about it. There was something I could do. Dont mention it.

3. Please forgive me. It was quite by accident. Thats alright. Ill make it up to you.

Extended Activities

4. Im awfully sorry I do beg your pardon. It didnt really matter. That was entirely my fault. Dont worry about it.

5.Im really sorry for No problem. How sorry I am Do apologize for Thats OK. That wont happen again.

C. Practical Reading: A Catalogue of Rings

Key:1.d 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.a 7.d 8.c 9.d 10.c

D. Additional VocabularyMonth Precious Indication 1 garnet loyal, friendly affection

2 amethyst kind-heartedness

3 aquamarine bravery, calmness

4 diamond purity, innocence

5 emerald happiness, good luck

6 peal wealthy, healthy, longevity

Month Precious Indication 7 ruby eternal love

8 agate happy and harmonious wife and husband

9 sapphire kindness, love, high prestige and universal respect

10 opal good wish, happiness

11 topaz friendship, true love

12 turquoise success, victory

Unit Seven --- Reading I Body Language: Ownership Gestures

Warm--up Text Translation Notes New Words Examples Exercises Extended Activities

1 Management personnel are particularly guilty of continually using the following gestures. It has been noted that employees who have been appointed to management positions suddenly begin to use them, despite the fact that they seldom used them prior to their promotion.

2 It would be normal to assume that the position of the man in the picture reflects an easygoing , relaxed and carefreeattitude , because that is in fact what it is. The leg-over-chair gesture not only signifies the mans ownership of that particular chair or space, but also signalsthat customary etiquettemay be relaxed.

Text Body Language: Ownership Gestures

3 It is common to see two close friends seated like this, laughing and joking with each other, but lets consider the impact and meaning of this gesture in different circumstances. Take this typical situation: an employee has a personal problem and he goes into the bosss office to ask for his advice on a possible solution . As the employee explains, he leans forward in the chair, his hands on his knees, his face down and looking dejected and his tone of voice lowered. The boss listens intently , sitting motionless, then suddenly leans back in his chair and puts one

leg over the chair arm. In these circumstances the bosss attitude has changed to lack of concern or indifferencebecause of his carefree gesture. In other words, he has little concern for the employee or his problem and he may also feel that his time is being wasted with the same old story. The boss may have wondered about the employees problem, but soon finds that its not really a major one and then becomes uninterested in or impatienttowards the employee. While he sits in the leg-over-chair position, he will not have a concerned look on his face and he may even terminate the conversation by telling his

employee that he shouldnt worry and that the problem will soon go away. When the employee leaves the office, the boss may breathe a sigh of relief and say to himself, Thank heavens hes gone, and then takes his leg off the chair.4 If the bosss chair has no arms ( which is usually the case with visitors chair), he will probably be seen with one or both feet on the desk. If his superiorenters his office, it is unlikely that the boss would take an obvious ownership posture but would resort tomore subtlegesture such as putting his foot on the lower drawer of his desk or placing his foot hard against

the legs of the desk to stake his claim of the ownership.5 Such gestures can be quite annoyingif they are found during negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to a different position, because the longer he stays in the leg-over-chair or fee-on-desk position, the longer he will have an indifferentor hostileattitude. An easy way to do this is to hand him something and ask him to look at it, thus forcing him to change his position.

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Page 190: Work with your partner and write out the words about we use to communicate:

Verbal:words, sentences, speech, conversation, intonation ,stress,

e-mail,letters, notes,faxes, phone calls, memos, reports

Warm--up

Non-verbal:

body movement, gesture, posture,

smiling, eye contact, facial expression,

clapping hands, shaking hands, waving hands,

hands clasped behind back open palm , pinching bridge of nose ,

frowning ,tension in brow ,relaxed brow

shrugging shaking head, rubbing nose,

fondling hair , biting nail, stroking chin ,

hand to cheek tapping fingers, crossed arms on chest , legs crossed

2. Pair work : 1) What do you know about body language? 2) Are you good at reading body language? 3) Which is the most expressive part of your body? 4) What do you think contributes to ones use of body language?

The importance of body language: To make the meaning of our words clear we use body language; Our posture, facial expression, eye contact, and gestures speak louder than the words we say; Researches have shown that most people pay more attention to, and believe more readily, their impression of how a person acts through body language than what is said through words.

Different interpretations of body language: Body language depends on ones culture, gender, mood, past experiences, age, religion, nationality, race and the conversational situation, etc.

5) Why is it important for sales people to know and use body language? Psychologists claim that the impact you make on others what you say (7%), how you say it (38%), and by your body language (55%); It s often not what you say that influences others, its what you dont say.

1. putting his foothard against the legs of the desk? Here hard means forcefully.

2. the boss may breathe a sigh of relief: The boss may let out a deep breathe to show that trouble is gone.

3. the same old story: the usual undesirable situation. e.g. Its the same old story ----the women do all the work and the men just sit around talking.

Notes

4. to stake his claim of the ownership: to show that he is the owner. We can also use the phrase to stake (out) ones claim to something. e.g. Both countries stake their claim to the land.

5. It is vital (to, for) : It is very necessary; its of the greatest importance. e.g. A good environment is vital to peoples health.

1. management n. 2. guilty a. 3. despite prep. 4. assume v. 5. reflect v.

6. easygoing a. 7. relax v. 8. carefree a. 9. signify v. 10. signal v.

New Words

11. customary a. 12. etiquette n. 13. impact n. 14. circumstance n. 15. dejected a.

16. intently ad. 17. motionless a. 18. concern n. 19. indifference n. 20. impatient a.

21. terminate v. 22. superior n. 23. posture n. 24. subtle a. 25. stake v.

26. claim n. 27. annoying a. 28. negotiation n. 29. vital a. 30. hostile a.

31. personnel n. 32. appoint v. 33. gesture n. 34. solution n.

35. lean v. 36. breath n. 37. sigh v. 38. relief n.

1. be guilty of (sth. /doing sth.) 2. be appointed to 3. prior to 4. in fact

5. lack of 6. go away

7. resort to 8. stake a /ones claim (to)

easygoing a. relax v. reflect v.

guilty a. despite prep. management n. Unit seven What words can you associate with the pictures?

assume v. signify v. etiquette n. carefree a. customary a. dejected a.

intently ad. motionless a. terminate v.

posture n concern n. subtle a.

circumstance n. superior n. stake v.

impatient a claim n. vital a.

gesture nsolution n.lean v.sigh n.

signal v. negotiation n. hostile a.personnel n. impact n. indifference n.annoying a.

1. management n. 2. guilty a. 3. despite prep. 4. assume v. 5. reflect v.

6. easygoing a. 7. relax v. 8. carefree a. 9. signify v. 10. signal v.

New Words

11. customary a. 12. etiquette n. 13. impact n. 14. circumstance n. 15. dejected a.

16. intently ad. 17. motionless a. 18. concern n. 19. indifference n. 20. impatient a.

21. terminate v. 22. superior n. 23. posture n. 24. subtle a. 25. stake v.

26. claim n. 27. annoying a. 28. negotiation n. 29. vital a. 30. hostile a.

31. personnel n. 32. appoint v. 33. gesture n. 34. solution n.

35. lean v. 36. breath n. 37. sigh v. 38. relief n.

1. be guilty of (sth. /doing sth.) 2. be appointed to 3. prior to 4. in fact

5. lack of 6. go away

7. resort to 8. stake a /ones claim (to)

1. personnel and personal: personnel ; personal personal friend personal life personal development personal assistant / personal pronoun personal details

2. be guilty of: to be responsible for behavior that is morally wrong or socially unacceptable. e.g. Politicians of all parties are guilty of ignoring this serious problem.

Examples

3. It is noted that: Note in this structure means notice or observe. Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect. Note how he operates the machine and try to copy him.

4. appoint vt. e.g. We have decided to appoint a new official. They appointed him chairman. I have been appointed to deal with this matter.

5. despite prep. e.g. He came to the meeting despite his illness. Demand for these cars is high, despite their high price.

6. prior to: (formal) before e.g. All the arrangements should have been completed prior to our departure.

7. reflect 1) vt. e.g. His unhappy face reflected his inner despair. Does this letter reflect how you really think? 2) vi. e.g. After reflecting for a time (on the problem), he decided not to go.

8. easygoing a. e.g. Our teacher is very easygoing; she doesnt mind if we turn up late.

9. relax vt. / vi. ; e.g. Sit down and relax! The music will help to relax you. She relaxed her hold on the wheel.

10. carefree a. e.g. After finishing our exams we all felt happy and care free.

11. gesture 1) n. ; ; e.g. She shrugged her shoulders in a gesture of impatience. He made an angry gesture. We invited our new neighbors to dinner as a gesture of friendship. 2) vt. / vi. e.g. She gestured to the waiter to bring some more coffee. He gestured me over with a movement of his head.

12. signify vt. e.g. What does this strange mark signify? His speech may signify a shift in his foreign policy.

13. customary a. e.g. Its customary to wear formal clothes on these occasions.

14. etiquette n. e.g. The rules of etiquette are not so strict nowadays. Medical/legal/professional etiquette//

15. impact n. e.g. The computer has made a great impact on modern life. His speech made a considerable impact on everyone.

16. circumstance n. () e.g. We cant judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. 17. solution n. e.g. Theres no good solution to this problem. He finally came up with a solution.

18. lean 1) vi. e.g. The trees leant in the wind. He leant forward/down/over to hear what she said. 2) vi. e.g. She leant against his shoulder. He leant on the back of the chair.

19. dejected a. e.g. a dejected look/person/expression

20. intently ad. e.g. He listened to the teacher intently.

21. indifference n. e.g. The governments indifference to social inequality resulted in a large scale riot.

indifferent a. e.g. I was so excited to see snow that I was indifferent to the cold. His manner was cold and indifferent.

22. impatient a. e.g. After an hours delay, passengers were becoming impatient. Im coming----dont be so impatient.

impatience n. e.g. The teachers impatience with his slower students was beginning to show. She has no patience with time-wasters. Im beginning to lose patience with you. I wouldnt have the patience to sit sewing all day.

patient a. e.g. He was very patient with me when I was ill and crazy.

23. terminate vt. / vi. e.g. The next train terminates here. Your contract has been terminated.

termination n.

24. go away: () e.g. His stutter () went away once his mother was home.

25. breathe a sigh of relief: e.g. You could hear the students breathing a collective sigh of relief when the final bell rang. She breathed a sigh of relief when she found out she had passed her exams. Donna jumped up with a loud sigh of relief.

26. superior 1) n. ; 2) a. e.g. He always does what his superiors tell him. Ill report you to your superior officer! Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that one. This is a very superior make of car.

antonym: inferior

27.posture 1)n. 2)n. e.g. Humans have a naturally erect posture. The governments posture on this new trade agreement seems very unhelpful.

28. resort to: e.g. When polite requests failed, he resorted to threats. He resorted to stealing when he had no more money. They would resort to violence means if their requests are not satisfied.

29. stake vt. e.g. Ive staked all my hopes on you. stake (out ) ones claim (to): e.g. He staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold. With her latest novel, she stakes her claim to greatness. at stake: at risk e.g. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and hundreds of jobs are at stake.

30. subtle a. e.g. subtle difference in meaning His attempt to offer us a bribe was not exactly subtle.

31. negotiation n. e.g. The negotiations with the company had reached a crucial stage. This follows private negotiations between the landowner and the leisure centre. He is trying to involve community leaders in negotiations on reform.

32. vital a. e.g. The work she does is absolutely vital.

It is vital to do sth. e.g. It is vital to keep accurate records. It is vital to be honest with your children.

vital to e.g. These measures are vital to national security.

vital for e.g. Regular exercise is vital for your health.

It is vital (that) e.g. It is vital that you keep accurate records.

33. hostile a. e.g. a hostile crowd hostile gesture They are hostile to us.

hostility n. e.g. There is now open hostility between the two countries.

.Read the text carefully and discuss the following questions:.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences..Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings provided.. Put the following words expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

Exercises

1.Who usually uses ownership gestures according to the text? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Management personnel are particularly guilty of continually using the following gestures.

2.What has been noted of those newly-appointed management personnel? The key comes from Paragraph 1: It has been noted that employees who have been appointed to management positions suddenly begin to use them, despite the fact that they seldom used them prior to their promotion.

3.What does the leg-over-chair gesture signify when two close friends are seated like this? The key comes from Paragraph 3: It is common to see two close friends seated like this, laughing and joking with each otherit signify comfortable and relaxed.

4.What does the bosss leg-over-chair gesture mean when an employee is talking to him? The key comes from Paragraph 3: In these circumstances the bosss attitude has changed to lack of concern or indifference because of his carefree gesture. In other words, he has little concern for the employee or his problem and he may also feel that his time is being wasted with the same old story.

5.From what gestures can the employee see that the bosss attitude has changed to indifference? The key comes from Paragraph 3: While he sits in the leg-over-chair position, he will not have a concerned look on his face and he may even terminate the conversation by telling his employee that he shouldnt worry and that the problem will soon go away.

6. What will the boss probably do when the employee leaves his office at last? The key comes from Paragraph 3: When the employee leaves the office, the boss may breathe a sigh of relief and say to himself, Thank heavens hes gone, and then takes his leg off the chair.

7. What is vital for you to do if you find somebody taking ownership gestures during negotiation? The key comes from Paragraph 5: Such gestures can be quite annoying if they are found during negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to different position, because the longer he stays in the leg-over-chair of feet-on-desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent of hostile attitude.

8. What is the easy way to force a person to change his leg-over-chair position during negotiation? The key comes from Paragraph 5: An easy way to do this is to hand him something and ask him to look at it, thus forcing him to change his position.

( ) 1. The authors view on the leg-over-chair gesture is that it _________.a. is too relaxed and carefree to be used often b. indicates ones ownership of a particular spacec. signals hostile attitude towards other peoples problemsd. reflects ones bad manner

( ) 2. The boss may ______ to show his ownership before his superior.a. put one or both feet on his deskb. put his feet hard against the legs of his deskc. lean back in his chaird. put one leg over the arm of his chair

( ) 3. All of the following are ownership gestures except _________.leg-over-chair b. feet-on-desk c. elbow-on-chair d. feet-against-desk-leg

( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that ownership gestures are___________.a. very annoying during negotiationb. quite common between friends chiefly used to end an unpleasant conversationc. chiefly used to end an unpleasant conversationd. only used by superiors before inferiors

( ) 5. If your listener sits in the leg-over-chair or feet-on-desk position, that means he/she ________ .a. may be offended by what you are talking about b. is very friendly to you c. is likely to agree with you d. may have no interest in what you are sayingKey: b. b. c. a. d

1. hostile very unfriendly

2. signify to be a sign of

3. impact strong effect

4. customary usual or habitual

5. dejected sad or disappointed

6. indifference absence of interest

7. impatient unable to remain calm

8. resort to to make use of

9. terminate to bring to an end

10. prior to before

11. easygoing relaxed and casual style or manner

12. vital of the greatest importance

despite in fact go away easygoing stake a claim impact resort to be guilty of reflect appoint a sigh of relief signify

1.Some journalists reporting scandal in order to sell papers.

2.William did his best to maintain a(n) __________ friendly relationship with everyone in the office.

3.When the smell was pure oak, I remembered childhood woods; __________ one particular place in one particular wood.

are guilty ofeasygoingin fact

4.Ignoring the crime problem wont make it __________ .

5.All the colleagues of the office breathed __________ when they heard David to be safe.

6..The number 30 on a road sign__________ that the speed limit is 30 miles an hour.

7.When she didnt answer the telephone I __________standing outside her window and calling up to her.

go awaya sigh of reliefsignifiesresorted to

8.The committee __________ to make recommendations on housing development in the area.

9.He marked the spot on his map where he had seen the gold and returned later that month ___________________ .

10.The Internets__________ on the way we do business has been remarkable.was appointedto stake his claimimpact

11.It is a good idea to wear white clothes in hot countries because they will__________ the suns heat, rather than absorb it.

12.__________ repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it.Despitereflect

1.She found his manner towards her distinctly unfriendly. hostile2.The governments attitude on this new trade agreement seems very unhelpful. posture

3.How much money he earns is none of your business. none of your concern4.The rules of proper social behavior are not so strict nowadays. etiquette5.All the arrangements should have been completed before our departure. prior to

6.Your contract has been brought to an end. terminated

1. a. Id like to thank everyone concerned (=involved) for making the occasion run so smoothly. a. , b. The results of the election are of concern (=importance) to us all. n. c. Theres no need for you to concern yourself with what happened. v.

2. a. Does their apparent lack of progress mean they are not doing their job properly? n. b. Our real weakness is not that we lack the potential, but that we lack the will to act. n. v. ; c. She is gorgeous (extremely beautiful or attractive) in appearance, but seems to be entirely lacking in intelligence. a.

3. a. When the plane finally landed, we all felt a tremendous sense of relief. n. (); b. A secretary was hired to relieve her of some of some of the administrative work. v. relieve sb.of sth.: ();/() c. She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be relieved by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors. adj. ;

4. a. The company claims that their product makes you thin without dieting. v. b. This little towns only claim to fame (=The only reason why it is famous) is that the President was born here. n. ();; c. Because the accident had not been her fault, Barbara was able to claim damages. v.;

5. a. I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school. v. b. James assumed a look of indifference when he heard Anna was getting married, but we all knew he was upset. v. c. On the assumption that the increased production targets can be reached, Ive ordered extra raw materials. n.

B. Function and Structure: Making Invitations Key:1. What about OK

2. you be interested in it Id love to

3. How about Thats very kind of you

Extended Activities

4. like to invite you to come thank you very much for the invitation

5. Would you like to Sounds great Make it How about Thats fine

C. Practical Reading: Program Schedule Key:b 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b

D. Additional Vocabulary Key:hug handclasp wish well hail flag

cheer welcome bob buss kiss respect

wave toast call to nod kowtow meet

receive smile accost bow peck salute

compliment

Unit Eight --- Reading I A World Guide to Good Manners Warm--upTextTranslationNotesNew WordsExamplesExercisesExtended Activities

A World Guide to Good Manners

1 Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a globalvillage, but how well do we know and understand each other? Here is a simple test. Imagine you have arranged a meeting at four oclock. What time should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? If theyre German, theyll be right on time. If theyre American, theyll probably be 15 minutes early. If theyre British, theyll be 15 minutes late, and you should allow up to an hour for the Italians.

2 When the European Community began to increase in size, several guidebooks appeared giving advice on international

Text

etiquette. At first many people thought this was a joke, especially the British, who seemed to assume that the widespread understanding of their language meant a corresponding understanding of English customs . Very soon they had to change their ideas, as they realized that they had a lot to learn about how to behavewith their foreign business friends.

3 For example: * The British are happy to have a business lunch and discuss business matters with a drink during the meal; the Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is a time to relax and get to know one another, and they rarely drink at lunchtime. * The Germans like to talk business before dinner; the French like to eat first and talk afterwards. They have to be well fed and watered before they discuss anything.

* Taking off your jacket and rolling up your sleeves is a sign of getting down to work in Britain and Holland, but in Germany people regard it as taking it easy. * American executives sometimes signal their feelings of ease and important in their offices by putting their feet on the desk whilst on the telephone. In Japan, people would be shocked. Showing the soles of your feet is the height of bad manners. It is a social insult only exceeded by blowing your nose in public.

4 The Japanese have perhaps the strictest rules of social and business behavior. Seniority is very important, and a younger man should never be sent to complete a business deal with an older Japanese man. The Japanese business card almost

needs a rulebook of its own. You must exchange business cards immediately on meeting because it is essential to establish everyones status and position.

5 When it is handed to a person in a superior position, it must be given and received with both hands, and you must take time to read it carefully, and not just put it in you pocket! Also the bow is a very important part of greeting someone. You should not expect the Japanese to shake hands. Bowing the head is mark of respect and the first bow of the day should be lower than when you meet thereafter.

6 The Americans sometimes find it difficult to accept the more formal Japanese manners. They prefer to be casual

and more informal, as illustratedby the universal Have a nice day! American waiters have a one-word imperativeEnjoy! The British, of course, are cool and reserved . The great topic of conversation between strangers in Britain is the weatherunemotional and impersonal. In America, the main topic between strangers is the search to find a geographical link. Oh, really? You live in Ohio? I had an uncle who once worked there.

7 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Here are some final tips for travelers. * In France you shouldnt sit down in a caf until youve shaken hands with everyone you know. * In Pakistan you mustnt wink . Its offensive.

* In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. Also, you should take care not to admire anything in your hosts home. They will feel that they have to give it to you. * In Russia you must match your hosts drink for drink, or they will think you are unfriendly. * In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone. * In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldnt try to have a conversation until it is eaten.

:

1 1515

2

3 * * * *

4

5

6 ---

7 * *

* * * *

I. Brainstorming: Work with you partner and fill in the table with five ways of behavior which are considered impolite in certain situations.Behavior Situation

yawning (while somebody is talking to you);

smoking (in a crowded room);

talking loudly (at movies);

using cellular phone (in a quiet reading room);

laughing and whistling (when someone slips on a banana peel)

Warm--up

II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.1.what is considered good / bad manners in China?

2.How do you generally begin a conversation with a stranger?

3.How would you greet your superior/your peer/your inferior?

4.Supposing you were a salesperson, what would you do when greeting your client? introduced to a visiting client? a client is leaving?

5.What guarantees a pleasant travel abroad besides learning to speak the language of that country?

6.What differences do you know exist between Eastern and Western business etiquette?

1. You should allow up to an hour for the Italians: You should be prepared to wait for the Italians for an hour.

2. They have to be well fed and watered before: The French like to have a good meal as well as drinks before getting down to business.

3. the height of bad manners: Here, the word height means the highest degree. e.g. at the height of ones career

Notes

whilst: the archaic () form for while in British English. In present English it is not as widely used as while.

the main topic between strangers is the search to find a geographical link: The strangers try to talk about a place which is familiar to both of them.

1. global a. 2. colleague n. 3. community n. 4. guidebook n. 5. widespread a.

6. corresponding a. 7. custom n. 8. behave v. 9. roll v. 10. sleeve n.

New Words

11. executive n. 12. ease n. 13. whilst conj. 14. sole n. 15. insult n.

16. exceed v. 17. blow v. 18. strict a. 19. rulebook n. 20. status n.

21. bow v. 22. thereafter ad. 23. casual a. 24. illustrate v. 25. imperative n.

26. reserved a. 27. unemotional a. 28. impersonal a. 29. geographical a. 30. wink v.

31. clasp v. 32. signal n. v. , 33. height n. 34. deal n. 35. essential a. 36. cool a. 37. arrange v. 38. feed v. 39. establish v.

1. on time 2. allowfor 3. get to understand / know sth. / sb. 4. take off 5. get down to (sth. / doing sth.)

6. take it easy 7. of its own 8. give advice on --- 9. roll up 10. regard as ---,

Unit Eightglobal a. colleague n. guidebook n. community n. custom n. roll v. What words can you associate with the pictures?

widespread a. corresponding a. sleeve n. sole n. whilst conj. behave v.

insult n. bow v. exceed v.

thereafter ad. executive n. ease n.

status n. clasp v. imperative n.

impersonal a.blow v. strict a.

casual a. illustrate v. rulebook n.

reserved a. unemotional a. geographical a.

wink v. illustrate v.

imperative n.

1. global a. 2. colleague n. 3. community n. 4. guidebook n. 5. widespread a.

6. corresponding a. 7. custom n. 8. behave v. 9. roll v. 10. sleeve n.

New Words

11. executive n. 12. ease n. 13. whilst conj. 14. sole n. 15. insult n.

16. exceed v. 17. blow v. 18. strict a. 19. rulebook n. 20. status n.

21. bow v. 22. thereafter ad. 23. casual a. 24. illustrate v. 25. imperative n.

26. reserved a. 27. unemotional a. 28. impersonal a. 29. geographical a. 30. wink v.

31. clasp v. 32. signal n. v. , 33. height n. 34. deal n. 35. essential a. 36. cool a. 37. arrange v. 38. feed v. 39. establish v.

1. on time 2. allowfor 3. get to understand/know sth. / sb. 4. take off 5. get down to (sth. / doing sth.)

6. take it easy 7. of its own 8. give advice on --- 9. roll up 10. regard as ---,

global village: 2. arrange 1) vi. / vt. e.g. Ive arranged for a taxi. 2) vt. e.g. The books are arranged on the shelves in alphabetical order. arrangement arranged marriage make arrangements for e.g. We must make arrangements for the wedding.

3. on time: e.g. The buses are never on time.

Examples

4. allowfor: to be sure that you have enough time, money, food etc. available for a particular purpose. allow sth. for sb. / sth. e.g. Ive allowed half a bottle of wine for each person.

allow sb. sth. e.g. Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.

5. community n. e.g. the international community the academic community the black community community center

6. several guidebooks appeared giving advice on international etiquette.: In this sentence, giving advice on international etiquette is an adverbial of attendant circumstance () which further interprets the meaning of the main clause. e.g. I phoned again, making sure I had the right number. A guidebook is a special book about a city, area, etc. that gives details about the place and its history.

7. corresponding a. e.g. There has been a decline in the value of the pound and a corresponding increase in the strength of the dollar.

8. custom n. e.g. Social customs vary greatly from country to country. Customs () is a different word, which means a place where customers belongings are searched when leaving or entering a country. e.g. As soon as I had got through customs, I jumped into a taxi.

9. get to know / see / understand, etc.: / / e.g. Im sure the kids will soon get to like each other. After a while, I got to understand him.

10. be well fed and watered: eat well and drink well. feed: to give food to a person or an animal. e.g. Have you fed the cat: she was too weak to feed herself.

11. take off ; () e.g. Take your coat off. The plane will soon take off.

antonym: put on takeoff: to have a holiday from work. e.g. Im taking Thursday off because Im moving house.

12. roll up e.g. His sleeves were rolled above his elbows.

13. sleeve n. e.g. Come on, what have you got up your sleeves?

sleeveless a.

14. regard sb. / sth. as / e.g. She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the country. in this / that regard e.g. The company is owned by its staff, and in that regard it is very unusual. with regard to e.g. With regard to your recent application, I am afraid we are unable to offer you the job. have no regard for e.g. You have no regard for my feelings! give ones regards to e.g. Please give my best regards to your parents.

15. get down to e.g. Its hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.

16. take it easy: 1) to relax and not do very much (also take things easy). e.g. Take things easy for a few days and you should be all right. 2) (spoken) used to tell someone to become less upset or angry. e.g. Just take it easy and tell us exactly what happened.

17. executive 1) a. e.g. the executive department 2) n. e.g. a young advertising executive

18. signal 1) vt. e.g. Both sides have signaled their willingness to start negotiations. 2) vt. e.g. The defeat of 1,066 signaled the end of Saxon rule in England.

19. ease n. ; e.g. He is rich and lives a life of ease. They are expected to win the election with ease.

feel at ease stand at ease cf. attention

20sole 1) n. 2) a. (); e.g. the sole American in the room He has sole responsibility for sales in China.

21. height n. ; e.g. Its the height of stupidity to go sailing when you cant swim. We looked down from a great height to see the whole town below us. The corridor is at the height of 10 meters. at the height of storm / the tourist season

22. exceed vt. e.g. His income will very likely exceed 1 million this year.

23. deal n. Do / make a deal (to do sth.) Wrap up /complete a deal

24. of ones own e.g. He left the company to start a business of his own.

25. on meeting: Used with v+ -ing, the preposition phrase on doing is the equivalent of the clause introduced by as soon as or the moment. The preposition upon can also be used in this phrase. e.g. On hearing the news, she jumped with great joy. (As soon as she heard the news, she jumped with great joy.)

26. essential 1) a. e.g. If you are going walking in the mountains, strong boots are essential. It is essential that the oil be checked every 10,000 km. It is essential to read the footnotes to understand the whole book. 2) a. e.g. The essential character of the village has not changed in over 300 years. 3) n. e.g. The charity provides homeless people with essentials like food and clothing.

27. status 1) n. ; () e.g. Whats her status in the organization? Please state your name, age and marital status.

28. bow 1) n. e.g. He gave a deep/low bow. Take a bow: to come to the stage to receive praise (applause) at the end of a performance. 2) vi. e.g. He bowed to /before the Queen. 3) vt. e.g. He bowed his head in shame/stood with his head bowed in shame.

29. casual 1) a. e.g. His casual manner annoyed me. 2) a. e.g. I took a casual glance at the article.

30. cool a. e.g. We need someone with a cool head.

31. reserved 1) a. e.g. Bob is very reserved ---you never know what he is thinking. 2) a. e.g. reserved seats / tables

32. impersonal a. e.g. an impersonal letter a large impersonal organization

33. geographical link: geographical connections, that is , the relationship in terms of places where one or ones relatives live(s) or used to live.

34. When in Rome, do as the Romans do:

35wink vi. e.g. He winked an eye at his companion.

36. clasp v. e.g. Mary leaned forward, clasping her hands around her knees.

. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions..Choose the best answer for the following questions.. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings provided.. Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model. Exercises

Why did the British think that everyone understood their customs? The key comes from Paragraph 2 : At first many people thought this was a joke, especially the British, who seemed to assume that the widespread understanding of their language meant a corresponding understanding of English customs.

2. Which nationalities do not like to eat and do business at the same time? The key comes from Paragraph 3(1) : The Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is a time to relax and get to know one another, and they rarely drink at lunchtime.

3. What is thought to be bad manners in Japan? The key comes from Paragraph 3 (4) : American executives sometimes signal their feelings of ease and important in their offices by putting their feet on the desk whilst on the telephone. In Japan, people would be shocked. Showing the soles of your feet is the height of bad manners.

4. How could you begin a conversation with a stranger in England? The key comes from Paragraph 6 : The great topic of conversation between strangers in Britain is the weatherunemotional and impersonal.

5. What is the main topic between strangers in America? The key comes from Paragraph 6 : In America, the main topic between strangers is the search to find a geographical link.

6. What behavior is unacceptable in the Middle East countries? The key comes from Paragraph 7(3) : In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. Also, you should take care not to admire anything in your hosts home. They will feel that they have to give it to you.

7. Which nationality has strict rules of social and business behavior about hands? What are the rules? The key comes from Paragraph 7(1\3\5\6 ) : In France you shouldnt sit down in a caf until youve shaken hands with everyone you know. In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone. In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible.

8. Do you agree with the saying When in Rome, do as the Romans do.?

( )1. Which of the following is NOT true about the Japanese? a. The Japanese are the strictest in their social and business behavior. b. The Japanese usually bow to greet each other. c. The Japanese like to discuss business matters with a drink during the meal. d. The Japanese value seniority highly.

( )2. What can be inferred from the text? a. It is a good idea to say that you like your Egyptian friends vase very much. b. It is a good idea to have business cards ready at meetings with Japanese businessmen. c. It is a good idea to discuss business affairs with the French before dinner. d. It is a good idea to show up 15 minutes late when you meet American business friends.

( )3. Which of the following is considered an example of bad manners? a. To discuss politics with your American friend in a McDonalds. b. To shake hands with every French friend you know before sitting down in a caf. c. To receive and give business cards with both hands. d. To take off your jacket and roll up your sleeves while getting down to work with British people.

( )4. What advice would you give to somebody going to live and work in Pakistan? a. Match you hosts drink for drink. b. Spend at least five minutes saying hello. c. Never wink at people. d. Lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone.

( )5. Which nationality is the most punctual according to the text? And which is the least punctual? a. JapaneseBritish b. AmericanItalian c. GermanItalian d. JapaneseAmericanKey: c. b. a. c. c

1. insult a rude or offensive remark or action2. corresponding matching or related, in agreement3. strict severe and demanding obedience in rules of behavior4. behave to act in a particular way

5. ease the state of being comfortable and without worries or problems6. widespread existing, happening in many places or among many people7. reserved (of a person) slow to show feelings or express opinion

8. custom an established and habitual practice 9. exceed to be greater than10. signify , to express (sth.) by a special action11. impersonal having no personal reference of connection

12. illustrate to make the meaning clearer by giving examples 13. executive a person or group in a business organization with administrative or managerial powers

exceed signal illustrate relax essential reserved get to custom roll up get down to allow take it easy regardas of ones own corresponding

1.Bob is very ________ you never know what he is thinking about.

2.The lecturer ________ his point with a diagram on the blackboard.

3.She had seen a leaflet about China and thought that this would provide a good way of________ know Chinese people.

4.It is the________ in Japan to take your shoes off when you go into someones house.

reservedillustratedgetting to custom

___________ --- everythings going to be just fine. The music will help you to _______ .

6.There has been a decline in the value of the pound and a ___________ increase in the strength of the dollar.

7.I must ___________ sorting out that pile of papers on my desk.

Take it easycorrespondingget down torelax

8.The amount of money we raised() ________ all our expectations.

9.Ill ________the carpet now because winter is over.

10.Both sides have________ their willingness to start negotiations.

11.Ive________ an hour for each person to get ready in the morning.

exceededroll upsignaledallowed

12.I think he needs a car ________ for the present job.

13.She is generally ___________ one of the best writers in the country.

14.Good timing is ________ to launching a new product.of his ownregarded asessential

1. What is her position in the organization? status2. He didnt feel completely comfortable in the strange country. at ease3. She went to the United States three years ago. After that we had no further communication. Thereafter4. The cost of the damage was greater than our worst fears. exceeded5.She always dresses in the most fashionable clothes. the height of fashion6.Our employees, should not act rudely towards customers, however unreasonable they may be. behave

1. a. The next time I saw him, Frank behaved as if nothing had happened. v. b. Get out of this office and come back when you know how to behave yourself. v. c. Its hard to change your behavior, even harder to keep it changed. n. 2. a. I put the balloon to my lips and blew as hard as I could. v. b. Losing his job was a severe blow to ( had a very damaging effect on ) his confidence. n. c. She gave the boy a tissue and told him to blow his nose well. v.

3. a. She rolled up the poster and put it in a cardboard tube. v. b. I discovered a dozen rolls of the old paintings in the attic. n. c. The pianos on wheels, so we can roll it into the room. v.4. a. The lecturer illustrated his point by relating his own experience. v. b. The teacher illustrated his lesson with drawings and photographs on the blackboard. v. c. This delay is a perfect illustration of why we need a new computer system. n.

5. a. With his intelligence and diligence, he soon established his status in the press. v. b. He quickly established himself as a leading member of the company board. v. c. Since its establishment two years ago, the advice center has seen over 500 people a week. n.

B. Function and Structure: Asking for, Giving, and Refusing to Give Permission Key: 1. Would you mind Not at all

2. I should like to make a phone call here Im sorry, you cant

3. Do you have any objection I cant see any objection to

Extended Activities

4. Any chance of No, Im afraid not can I speak to her Im sorry, you cant May I Sorry, out of the question

5. Will you allow me Feel free to do that

C. Practical Reading: Comparing Different Cultures Key: 1. Culture B 2. Culture B 3. Culture A

4. Culture B 5. Culture A 6. Culture B

7. Culture A 8. Culture A

D. Additional Vocabulary Key:Country People LanguageChina Chinese ChineseJapan Japanese JapaneseFrance French French America American American EnglishGermany German GermanAustralia Australian EnglishGreece Greek Greek Sweden Swedish Swedish Great Britain English EnglishItaly Italian Italian India Indian Indian

Country People LanguageCanada Canadian English, FrenchSpain Spanish or Spaniard Spanish Portugal Portuguese PortugueseRussia Russian Russian Brazil Brazilian PortugueseEgypt Egyptian EgyptianAustria Austrian GermanIreland Irish IrishDenmark Danish Danish Korea Korean Korean Malaysia Malaysian Malay, English, Chinese

Unit Nine --- Reading IMiss Manners Wrings the Bell

Extended Activities

Warm--upTextTranslationNotes

New Words ExamplesExercises

1. Suppose the postman arrived during breakfast and insisted that you leave the table and read your mail immediately. Or suppose you happened to be entertaining guests, doing business, taking a bath, listening to a symphony or any combinationof those activities and were forced to stop everything and devote you full attention to anybody who chose to address you.

2. This is what most people allow the telephone to do. It has become a horridinstrument , always clamoring for attention with its whiny bell. Like weak parents with a spoiled child, most people give it what it wants just to shut it up .

Text Miss Manners Wrings the bell

3. On the other hand, people justifiably complain that they are often treated rudely by personsespecially in businesswhom they telephone. Telephoners should not be put on hold indefinitely, subjected to canned music, or made to spell their names more than once.

4. One way to avoid such indignities is to make fewer telephone calls. Indeed, telephoning is not the only nor even the quickest --- way of doing business.Two people who keep different office hours, either because of their jobs or their time zones, may easily spend days leaving messages for each othereven more days than it takes to send a letter.

5. Social matters, too, may be better handled by mail, or nowadays, by e-mail. A whispered long-distance I love you is sweet, but a written one keeps forever.

6. Here, from my mailbag, are some of the most common telephone problemsand how to handle them.

7. What is the proper number of rings a caller should wait before hanging up? I dislike the three-ring phantoms.

8. Six rings, perhaps eight, if you still suspect the person of lurking there, hang up and dial again. This gives you two chances to get the number right and the person time to get out of the bathtub.

9. A friend called me at home and ate a raw carrot during the entire conversation. Although I tried to ignore the sound, I found it extremely unpleasant. Would it have been polite to say, Call me back when youre finished eating?

10. Miss Manners is in complete agreement with youexcept in the matter of taxingpeople directly with their social errors. She prefers obliqueline of accusation, such as, Would you mind calling backwe have a bad connection. There seems to be a carrot on this line.

11. What do you think about people who ask you, on the telephone, Who is calling? before telling you if the person you asked for is there?

12. They are probably mouthing your name at a person who is wildly shaking his head and hands at the very mention of it.

13. What should one do upon reaching a telephone-answering machine? Usually I hang up, as I hate talking to a machine. I know this is not proper, but what is?

14. It is perfectly proper to hang up on a machine. In fact, proper and improper behavior do not apply between people and machines. We have enough trouble being polite to one another without worrying about whether we treat machines with consideration.

15. Upon answering the telephone with a pleasant Hello, I am often confronted with the rude response,

Who is this? If I surrender my name, am I just encouraging the unmannerly partyto repeat his or her offense ?

16. The proper answer to Who is this? is Whom are you calling?

17. This question has bothered me for years. What is the proper response to Im sorry, I have the wrong number?

18. Thats quite all right is sufficient, although there will always be those who say, Thats all right---I had to get up to answer the phone anyway.

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1. Business Communication Type:

telephone calls , pamphlets , posters , various forms of advertising ,

contact letters , faxes , news release , press conference , I. Brainstorming: Discuss with your partner and list types and tools of communication most commonly used in business.

Warm--up

web sites , e-mails , news letters , meetings ,

instant messages , memos , notes , notice ,

messages , formal and informal discussion , presentation

2. Business Communication Tools:telephones (standard / fixed / wireless / mobile) / / / , pages (beepers) , facsimile machines , notice board ,

Personal Digital Assistants (P D As) , computers (desktop / laptop / notebook) / / Internet

3. Auxiliary tools : digital camera , scanner , printer , wireless transmission

II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.

1. Do you have a mobile phone?

2. What is the plus and minus of using telephone?

3. What do you think is todays most important business tool?

4. What will you do if the following situations occur while making a phone call?

Situations and What You Will Do:

If you are not the person the caller wants: Ask the caller to hold the line and fetch the person wanted.If the line is busy: Hang up and redial.If you get a wrong number : Tell the caller its a wrong number and ask him or her to dial again.If the person you are calling is away: Leave a message. If the person you are calling is busy at the moment: Call back sometime later.

1. Miss Manners: Here right behavior in communication is personified as a lady of good manners.

2. wrings the bell: a play on words and a metaphor. Wring and ring have the same pronunciation, so phonetically they sound the same, the writer uses wring to replace ring in order to show that the advice provided by Miss Manners is aimed at correcting peoples wrong behavior in telephoning. She seems to be cleaning the bell thoroughly like squeezing water out of a wet cloth. The expression also means to catch peoples attention.

Notes

3. the office hour: time set for work in an office; business hour.

4. a time zone: a geographical region within which the same standard time is used. There are 24 time zones in the world.

5. three-ring phantoms: the unseen callers who only leave time enough for the telephone bell to ring three times before hanging up.

1. wring v. 2. symphony n. 3. combination n. 4. address v. 5. horrid a. 6. instrument n.

7. clamor v. 8. whiny a. 9. spoil v. 10. justifiably ad. 11. rudely ad. 12. indefinitely ad. 13. subject v.

New Words

14. canned a. 15. indignity n. 16. handle v. 17. mailbag n. 18. phantom n. 19. suspect v.

20. lurk v. 21. ignore v. 22. tax v. 23. oblique a. 24. accusation n. 25. connection n.

26. mouth v. 27. consideration n. 28. confront (with) v. 29. surrender v. 30. unmannerly a.

31. party n. 32. offense n. 33. bother v. 34. response n.

1. devote to 2. shut up 3. put on hold 4. hang up 5. subject to

6. suspect of 7. get out of 8. be in agreement w 9. at the mention of 10. be confronted with

wring v. accusation n.horrid a. symphony n. clamor v. justifiably ad. Unit NineWhat words can you associate with the pictures?

subject v.instrument n. indignity n.

address v. whiny a. indefinitely ad.

suspect v. handle v. spoil v.

rudely ad.unmannerly a.tax v.accusation n. lurk v.

oblique a. mailbag n. ignore v.

canned a. mouth v. response n.

bother v.phantom n. offense n.

confront (with) v. consideration n. connection n.

combination n. surrender v. party n.

1. wring v. 2. symphony n. 3. combination n. 4. address v. 5. horrid a. 6. instrument n.

7. clamor v. 8. whiny a. 9. spoil v. 10. justifiably ad.. 11. rudely ad. 12. indefinitely ad. 13. subject v.

New Words

14. canned a. 15. indignity n. 16. handle v. 17. mailbag n. 18. phantom n. 19. suspect v.

20. lurk v. 21. ignore v. 22. tax v. 23. oblique a. 24. accusation n. 25. connection n.

26. mouth v. 27. consideration n. 28. confront (with) v. 29. surrender v. 30. unmannerly a.

31. party n. 32. offense n. 33. bother v. 34. response n.

1. devote to 2. shut up 3. put on hold 4. hang up 5. subject to

6. suspect of 7. get out of 8. be in agreement w 9. at the mention of 10. be confronted with

1. devote to e.g. He has devoted his life to helping the poor. I dont think you should devote so much time to this question.

devoted a. e.g. He is very devoted to his wife.

devotion 1) n. e.g. a mothers devotion to her child 2) n. e.g. devotion to duty a teachers devotion to his task our devotion to our leader

Examples

2. address vt. e.g. The educator had to address a hostile crowd of teachers.

3. horrid a. e.g. Dont be so horrid to me!

4. instrument n. ; e.g. surgical / teaching instrument stringed instrument wind / brass instrument

Instrumental a. e.g. Wilson was instrumental in introducing new methods of production.

5. clamor vi. e.g. The people were clamoring for his execution. The children were clamoring to be fed.

6. shut up 1) () e.g. Shut up! Im trying to think. Cant you shut that dog up? 2) /; () e.g. He shut himself up in his room and refused to come out. Business was slow so we shut up early for the day.

7. justifiable a. e.g. justifiable anger Is abortion justifiable when the child is unwanted?

justified a. e.g. I think your conclusions were fully justified. Under the circumstances, the principal was justified in expelling the student.

8. rude a. e.g. Dont be so rude to your father! I didnt mean to be rude, but I had to leave early. Its rude to stare.

9. puton hold: 1) e.g. The caller is on hold. 2 e.g. Weve put the project on hold for a month.

10. subjectto: () e.g. They were subjected to torture. No one would willingly subject himself to such indignities.

11. canned music: canned laughter e.g. canned laughter on a TV comedy show

12. indignity n. e.g. I suffered the indignity of having to say I was sorry in front of all those people.

13. handle 1) vt. e.g. It was a difficult situation but he handled it very well. She really knows how to handle a fast car. 2) vt. e.g. We do not handle that sort of book. This branch office handles grain exports.

14. What is the proper number of rings a caller should wait before hanging up?: In this sentence, a structure formed by conjunction + v-ing. e.g. While working in the office, he received a call from his mother. After meeting the guest, he returned to his office.

15. hang up: e.g. Its a bad line; hang up and Ill call you back. I was so angry that I hung up on her.

16. lurk 1) vi. e.g. Danger lurks in that quiet river.

2) vi. e.g. The photographer lurked behind a tree, waiting for her to come past. Theres someone lurking about outside.

17. get out of : e.g. Mary screamed at me to get out. She want for a walk just to get out of the house.

21. accusation n. e.g. How do you answer the accusation that your policies have caused high unemployment?

22. a bad connection e.g. I phoned Ann, but we had such a bad connection that we gave up trying to talk. connection n. () e.g. There is a connection between pollution and the death of trees. He demonstrated the close connection between social conditions and health.

23. at the very mention of it: just as / the moment one mentions it. e.g. He got angry at the very mention of it.

24. without +V-ing phrase: e.g. How dare you do such a thing without consulting me?

25. consideration 1) n. under consideration due / long consideration take sth. into consideration e.g. Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.

2) n. e.g. The murdered womans name has not been released, out of consideration for her parents. e.g. He never shows any consideration for his mothers feelings.

26. confront 1) vt. e.g. They have confronted the problem of terrorism with great determnation. 2) vt. e.g. He prepared answers for the questions he expected to confront during the interview.

confrontation n. (with) confrontational a.

confront sb. / sth. with sth: e.g. When he was confronted with the evidence of his guilt, the suspect had no choice but to confess at once.

18. ignore vt. e.g. My advice was completely ignored.

ignorance n. e.g. Ignorance of the law is no excuse.

ignorant a. e.g. He is ignorant even of the simplest fact. Im afraid Im rather ignorant about computers.

19. be in agreement with e.g.