teaching courseware: new business english intensive reading book one a

1

Teaching Courseware:

New Business EnglishIntensive Reading

Book One

A

2

New Business EnglishIntensive Reading

Book One

A

新编商务英语精读

第一册

全国商务英语研究会推荐教材

Hubei Three Gorges Vocational and Technical College

http://www.glqq.com/info.asp?ArticleID=149

3

1 Essentials of Business

2 Marketing 3 Career

4 Jobs and Occupations

5 Eating Habits

4

New Business English Intensive Reading

Book One

A

Picture--Word Associating Game

Unit One

Unit Two

Unit Three

Unit Four

Unit Five

Unit OneEssentials of Business

Unit TwoMarketing

Unit ThreeCareer

Unit FourJobs and Occupations

Unit FiveEating Habits

5

Unit One --- Reading IThe Nature of Business

Warm--up

Text

Translation

Notes

New Words

Examples

Exercises

Extended Activities

6

TextThe Nature of Business

1. Business is the human activity related 涉及 to material things. It is necessary for civilization. It is found in all societies, even the simplest ones. Business may include the production of goods: Making airplanes, building buildings, and constructing 构成 paper boxes are examples of production. It can also provide the financing 理财融资 for these activities. Lending money, trading stocks 股份 and bonds 有息债券 , and selling insurance 保险 policies relate to the securing 获得 of capital 资本 for business activities. Other forms of business include merchandising 买卖 , which is the selling of products, and providing various services, such as accounting 会计 , distributing 分发 , and repairs. Business, then, is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.

7

2. In our study of business, it is necessary to understand the four basic factors 因素 of production. These four factors are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship 企业家素质 . What is meant by these four terms?

3. In order to produce things, it is necessary to use land. Here, the term land is used in the most general way. It refers 提及 not only to a piece of real estate 房地产 where we might build a factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production. Some of these raw materials are found on the earth’s surface, such as trees, which yield 出产 wood for lumber 成材 . Other raw materials are found under the earth’s surface in mines and oil wells, and still other raw materials may be extracted 取出 from the air. All the raw materials for production come from the land, the air, and the oceans.

8

4. Labor refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods. Most labor changes raw materials into finished products and then distributes these to buyers. In industrialized countries, labor is generally more mental than physical. For example, in both manufacturing 大量制造 and agriculture, machines accomplish 完成 the very tiring physical work that unskilled laborers used to do.

5. In other countries, computers programmed robots and other forms of data processing 处理 equipment perform many of the jobs which used to require a lot of mental labor. Therefore, to a certain extent the next factor, capital, can be used to replace labor or reduce the amount of physical and mental labor that humans have to use in order to conduct 经营 business.

9

6. In everyday language, capital means several things. The most general meaning is wealth or money. But it also refers to the equipment that money purchases 购买某物 . As one of the basic factors of production, capital is all of the things that workers use in production and distribution. It includes their tools, machines, and buildings such as factories and warehouses 货舱 where goods are produced and stored. Capital, therefore, refers to anything that helps to produce and distribute goods.

7. Putting together land, labor, and capital to make something of value, is called entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is the person responsible for controlling and directing the other three factors. The entrepreneur does not make things with his own hands unless he is also a worker. In a business the workers take orders from the entrepreneur. He is the leader, and the employees follow his direction.

10

8. Entrepreneurship includes some other important activities. The entrepreneur is responsible for initiating 开始 business activity. He must begin his business by bringing together the land, labor, and capital. Next, he must manage the business by deciding the general polices for business operation. In order to be successful, an entrepreneur must also be innovative 革新的 . He must look for new products or new ways of making things, and new methods of distribution, or he must offer new services. He must be able to decide on the value of things that other people invent, whether it is a new toy, a new method of filing, or a new way of advertising. Finally, he bears all the risks of the business.

9. Everyone connected with a business shares in the risks of the business. When a company goes bankrupt 破产的 , that is, becomes unable to pay its debts, it causes problems for many

11

people. It is hard for the employees who may have to seek work elsewhere; the customers must look for another place to buy the products; creditors 债权人 usually lose some of the money to the company. But the entrepreneur takes the biggest risk if the business succeeds or fails. He must pay them up to the limit 限度 of his ability to pay. If he is skillful—and lucky—the money he receives from his business venture （有风险的）工作项目 will pay for the land, labor, and capital, and there will still be some extra money remaining for him. This extra money is the profit 利润 . If the money he receives from the business venture is not enough to pay all of the costs, the difference is the loss.

12

译文 :

商务的性质

1 商务是与物质相关的人类活动。商务对人类文明是必要的。它存在于所有社会形态中，即使是最简单的社会。商务会包括商品生产，例如制造飞机、修建房屋和生产纸盒。它也包括为生产活动提供金融财政服务。如贷款、股票和债券交易、销售有关获取商务资本的保险单。其他形式的商务包括买卖交易，这是销售产品和提供各种服务，例如会计、分销和维修。所以，商务是生产和销售商品以及服务的活动。 2 我们研究商务时，有必要了解生产的四个基本要素。这四个因素是土地、劳动力、资本和企业家素质。这四个术语是什么意思呢？ 3 要想生产东西，使用土地是必须的。这里，土地这个术语被广义使用。它不仅指我们可能建工厂的一块房地产，而且还指所有

13

用于生产的原材料。我们发现一些原材料在地球表面，如用来生产木材的树木。发现其他原材料在地表下面，在矿山和油井里，还有其他原料，可以从空气中提取。所有用于生产的原材料都来自于土地、空气和海洋。

4 劳动力是指使用脑力和体力来生产商品。大部分劳动力用在把原材料变为成品和分销这些产品到买家的过程。在工业化国家中，一般是脑力劳动多于体力劳动。例如，在制造业和农业上，机器完成那些非常累人的体力工作，而过去常由没什么技能的人去做。

5 在另外一些国家，电脑给机器人编程序，还有其他形式的数据处理设备做许多过去耗费大量脑力劳动的工作。因此，在一定程度上，下一个因素，资本，可以用来取代劳动力或减少人们用于商务活动的体力和脑力劳动的数量。

14

6 在日常用语中，资本有几种意思。最普通的意思是财富或金钱。但它也指钱购买的设备。作为生产的基本要素之一，资本指工人用于生产和分销商品的一切东西。它包括工具、机器、建筑物，例如生产、储存商品的工厂和仓库。因此，资本指帮助生产和销售商品的一切东西。

7 把土地、劳力、资本整合成有价值的东西，就是所谓的企业家素质。企业家是指负责控制和指导其他三个因素的人。企业家不用自己干活，除非他也是一名工人。在商业中，工人执行企业家的命令。他是领导人，员工听他指挥。

8 企业家素质包括其他一些重要活动。企业家负责启动商业活动。他必须通过整合土地、劳力和资本来开始他的业务。下一步，他必须通过为商业运作做大的决策来管理企业。为了成功，企业家还必须创新。他必须寻求新产品或新的生产方法，新的

15

分销方式或提供新的服务。他必须能够判断人们发明创造的价值，不论它是一个新玩具，一个新的归档方法，或一种新的广告方式。最后，他承担业务的所有风险。

9 每个与业务相关的人都分担业务的风险。当公司破产时，也就是说，公司没有能力偿付其债务时，许多人会有麻烦。员工会很困难地到别处找工作；顾客必须寻找其他地方购买产品；债权人通常会失去投资该公司的一些钱。但是，无论成功或失败，企业家承担的风险最大。他必须竭尽所能支付。如果他精明能干、运气好，那么，他从公司经营中获得的钱在支付土地、劳力和资本之后，还有一些多余的钱。这笔额外款项就是利润。如果他从公司经营中获得的钱，不足够以支付所有的成本费用，那么，这个差额就是亏损。

译者：周荆洪

16

Warm--up I. Work with your group and think out as many words, phras

es or expressions as possible about business.

People or Organizations Engaged in Business: Company, firm, enterprise, joint-venture, corporation, indivi

dual company, collective factory, private company, conglomerate 集团企业， manager, merchant, salesman, businessman;

Places to Conduct Business Activities: Market, department store, supermarket, stock exchange, h

otel, restaurant, bank;

Other Terms Frequently Used in Business Operation: Sell, buy, goods, order, profit, interest, invoice, check, bill, c

onsumer, customer.

17

II. Pairwork:

1) Are you interested in business? Why or not? 2) What activities do you think can be labeled as business activities? 3) Have you ever been involved in any business activities before? 4) What do you think is important for success in today’s business world? Good management, adequate planning, sufficient financial resources, healthy cash flow, controlled spending and the ability to collect money owing, effective marketing, a good product and service.

18

Notes

1. Provide the financing for: conduct the business of providing money for.

2. Insurance policies: documents which show the condition of an insurance contract ( 保险单 ).

3. The securing of capital: Here it means “getting money for some business”.

4. To a certain extent: to a certain degree.

5. Up to: as far as; to and including.

e.g. Please count from 1 up to 10.

Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the President.

19

New Words

1 ． relate v. 联系；涉及2 ． construct v. 构成3 ． finance v. 理财；融资4 ． stock n. 股份5 ． bond n. 有息债券

6 ． insurance n. 保险7 ． secure v. 获得8 ． capital n. 资本9 ． merchandise v. 买卖10 ． accounting n. 会计学

20

11 ． distribute v. 分发12 ． factor n. 因素13 ． entrepreneur n. 企业家14 ． refer v. 提及15 ． estate n. 作某种用途的地区 real estate 房地产

16 ． yield v. 出产17 ． extract v. 取出18 ． manufacture v. 大量制造19 ． accomplish v. 完成20 ． data n. 数据

21

21 ． process v. （用计算机）处理22 ． conduct v. 经营23 ． purchase v. 购买某物24 ． warehouse n. 货舱25 ． initiate v. 开始；实施26 ． innovative a. 革新的

27 ． share n. 股份28 ． bankrupt a. 破产的29 ． creditor n. 债权人30 ． limit n. 限度31 ． venture n. （尤指有风险的）工作项目32 ． profit n. 利润

22

1 ． relate…to / with … 联系起来2 ． refer to 提到；涉及3 ． be extracted from 从…中提取4 ． be responsible for 对…负责；负责（某事）5 ． make…of value 使某物更有价值

6 ． look for 寻找7 ． decide on 决定8 ． distribute…to / among… 在…中分发；分配9 ． pay for 为…而付钱

23

relate v.construct v.accomplish v.

bond n.stock n. distribute v.

Unit One

What words can you associate with the pictures?

24

finance v.extract v.accounting n.

insurance n.capital n.factor n.

25

venture n.limit n.estate n.

process v.share n.bankrupt a.

26

data n.initiate v.purchase v.

creditor n.secure v.conduct v.

27

refer v.warehouse n.venture n.innovative a.

entrepreneur n.yield v.manufacture v.profit n.

28

New Words

1 ． relate v. 联系；涉及2 ． construct v. 构成3 ． finance v. 理财；融资4 ． stock n. 股份5 ． bond n. 有息债券

6 ． insurance n. 保险7 ． secure v. 获得8 ． capital n. 资本9 ． merchandise v. 买卖10 ． accounting n. 会计学

29

11 ． distribute v. 分发12 ． factor n. 因素13 ． entrepreneur n. 企业家14 ． refer v. 提及15 ． estate n. 作某种用途的地区 real estate 房地产

16 ． yield v. 出产17 ． extract v. 取出18 ． manufacture v. 大量制造19 ． accomplish v. 完成20 ． data n. 数据

30

21 ． process v. （用计算机）处理22 ． conduct v. 经营23 ． purchase v. 购买某物24 ． warehouse n. 货舱25 ． initiate v. 开始；实施26 ． innovative a. 革新的

27 ． share n. 股份28 ． bankrupt a. 破产的29 ． creditor n. 债权人30 ． limit n. 限度31 ． venture n. （尤指有风险的）工作项目32 ． profit n. 利润

31

1 ． relate…to/with … 联系起来2 ． refer to 提到；涉及3 ． be extracted from 从…中提取4 ． be responsible for 对…负责；负责（某事）5 ． make…of value 使某物更有价值

6 ． look for 寻找7 ． decide on 决定8 ． distribute…to / among… 在…中分发；分配9 ． pay for 为…而付钱

32

Examples1.relate v. 与……有关 e.g. The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase

in unemployment.

2. v + ing as subject: The –ing form of the verb can be used as the subject of sentence.

e.g. Seeing is believing. Taking good photos requires patience as well as keen eyes. Watching television at spare time is a good entertainment.

3. 辨析 capital &money: Capital is the money or property that you use to start a busine

ss or to make more money. Money is what you earn by working and you use in order to bu

y things. e.g. The recycling industry is making huge capital investments

in equipment.

33

Do you have enough money to pay for the sandwiches? capital intensive industries 资本密集产业 venture / risk capital 风险资本 money bags 有钱人 money makes a mare go 有钱能使鬼推磨 money worshiper 金钱至上主意者4. entrepreneurship n. 企业家素质

它指的是一种发展的、革新的经营观念，以及将这种观念贯彻在市场的能力。

Successful entrepreneurs have an unshakable belief in themselves and in their ideas. They have drives 干劲 , and can always bounce back after frustrations 挫折 . That is, no matter what goes wrong, they can get up and try again.

34

5. refer to : 提到，涉及；指（的是） e.g. We agreed never to refer to the matter again. Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.

6. “Where…” relative clause: “Where” can be used to introduce a relative clause. e.g. This is the hotel where we spent our honeymoon. This is the place where I hid the key.

The other adverbs that can introduce relative clause are “when” and “why”. e.g. She remembered the day when Paula had first walked into her office. I don’t know the reason why he was late.

35

7.extract vt. 拉出；提取 e.g. He extracted an envelope from his inside pocket. Oils are extracted from the plants.

8. distribute vt. 分发；分配；散布 Synonym: give out e.g. Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees( 难民 ).

9. accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现 e.g. I don’t think our visit really accomplished anything.

36

10. of value: 值钱的，有价值的 e.g. The thieves took nothing of value. I hope this book will be of value to both teachers and students.

11. be responsible for: 为……负责；是造成……的原因 e.g. Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area. We are determined to bring the people responsible to justice 正义 \ 审判 .

12. not…unless…: 除非……，就不会…… e.g. Do not leave the building unless you are instructed to do so. Don’t call me at the office unless it’s absolutely necessary.

37

13. initiate vt. 开始；发动 e.g. initiate a reform 开始改革 They have decided to initiate legal proceedings 进程 \行为 against the newspaper. 对报纸提起诉讼

14. innovative a. 创新的；有新意的 e.g. It’s an innovative approach to language teaching.

15. look for: 寻找 synonym: search for e.g. Could you help me look for my contact lens? If you are looking for a bargain, try the local market.

38

16. decide on / upon something: 对……作出决定 e.g. Have you decided on a date for the wedding?

17. “whether…” confessional cause: “Whether” can be used to introduce a confessional clause ( 让步从句 ) e.g. I will go, whether you come with me or stay at home. Whether he is right or wrong, he usually wins the argument.

18. bear vt. 负担，忍受，带给（ bear, bore, borne ） Synonym: stand e.g. She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain. Make the water as hot as you can bear.

39

19. 辨析 pay & pay for: The most frequently used format is “pay (sb.) for (sth.)”. e.g. How soon can you pay me for the work? Did you pay for that car?

“pay for” may also mean “receive punishment or suffering for ( 为……而手惩罚；为……而吃亏 / 倒霉 )” 。 e.g. These people must be made to pay for their crimes. He paid dearly for his unfaithfulness 不忠 to her. I’ll let him pay for ruining 毁坏 my chances.

On the other hand, “pay” means giving someone money for something you buy or for a service. e.g. How much would you like to pay? You’d get a discount 折扣 for paying cash. I paid him ＄ 5 to cut the grass.

40

After “pay” you can use the following words as object: bill, cash, cost, credit 存款 \ 贷款 , debt, dollar, expenses 开支 , fee 费 \ 酬金 , fine 罚金 , interest 利息 , loan 借款 , money, price, salary 薪水 , rent 租金 , sum 金额 , tax 税 , wage 工资 .

The other phrases using “pay” are: pay attention to , pay respect to sb., pay sb. a visit, or pay a visit to a place.

41

I. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions. II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.III. Complete the following statements with the words or expressions you have learned in this text.IV. Give the English or phrases according to the meanings provided.V. Put the following expression from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.VI. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.VII. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

Exercises

42

1. What does “business” mean in the text? The key comes from Paragraph 1: It means the human activity related to material things. It’s necessary for civilization. And it is found in all societies, even the simplest ones. It’s the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.

2. What are the four basic factors of production? The key comes from Paragraph 2: They are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

43

3. What does the term “land” in this text refer? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Here, the term land is used most general way. It refers not only to a piece of real estate where we might build a factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production.Some materials are on the earth’s surface, and some are under the surface. And some raw materials may be extracted from the air. All the raw materials for production comes from the land, the air, and the oceans.

4. What does the term “labor” refer to in this passage? The key comes from Paragraph 4: It refers to the use of mental or physical work to producegoods. Most labor changes raw materials into finished productsand then distributes these to buyers.

44

5. What is the general meaning of “capital” in everyday language?

The key comes from Paragraph 6: It means several things. The most general meaning is wealth

or money.

6. What does the term “capital” refer to according to this passage?

The key comes from Paragraph 6: But it also refers to the equipment that money purchases. It’s

all the things that workers use in production and distribution. It refers anything that helps to produce and distribute goods.

45

7. What is called entrepreneurship? The key comes from Paragraph 7: Putting together land, labor, and capital to make

something of value, is called entrepreneurship.

8. What responsibilities should an entrepreneur take? The key comes from Paragraph 7: The entrepreneur is the person responsible for controlling

and directing the other three factors. He is the leader, and the employees follow his direction.

46

9. What kind of problems will a company cause to people when it goes bankrupt?

The key comes from Paragraph 9: It means the company becomes unable to pay its

debt, it causes problems for many people. It’s hard for the employees who have to seek work elsewhere; the customers must look for another place to buy the products; creditors usually lose some money to the company. But the entrepreneur takes the biggest risk if the business succeeds or fails. He must pay them up to the limit of his ability to pay.

47

10. When will the entrepreneur make a profit and when will he suffer a loss?

The key comes from Paragraph 9: If he is skillful---and lucky---the money he receives

from his business venture will pay for the land, labor, and capital and there will still be extra money remaining for him. This extra money is the profit. If the money he receives from the business venture is not enough to pay all of the costs, the difference is the loss.

48

1. What may business include ? a. Selling products. b. Delivering products. c. Manufacturing products. d. All of the above.

2. Which of the following is NOT categorized as “Land”? a. Oil. b. Trees. c. Factories and warehouses. d. A piece of real estate.

49

3. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

a. Capital not only means money or wealth but also refers to the equipment that money purchases.

b. The entrepreneur only needs to give orders and never makes things with his own hands.

c. In a highly industrialized country, labor is generally more mental than physical

d. Customers also share in the risks of business.

50

4. Which of the following business activities occur first? a. Deciding the general policies for business operations. b. Bearing all risks of the business c. Looking for new products or new ways of making things. d. Bringing together the land, labor, and capital.

5.Who takes the biggest risk when a business goes bankrupt? a. The creditor b. The customer c. The employee d. The entrepreneur

Key: d. c. b. d. d

51

1.__________is the activity of making and distributing goods and _________.

2.______refers to the sources of raw materials needed for production.

3.__________is the use of mental or physical work to produce ________.

4._________means not only wealth, but all the things that workers use in production and distribution which are purchased with money.

5._________________is the activity of controlling and directing the other factors.

Businessservices

Land

Laborgoods

Capital

Entrepreneurship

52

6.If the money a company receives is not enough to pay for all of the costs, the difference is the ______.

7.When a company goes _________ it is unable to pay its ______.

8.An ___________company is one which continues to provide new goods and services.

9.The entrepreneur __________ business activities by bringing together lad ,labor, and capital to begin a new _________venture.business

loss

bankrupt debts

innovative

initiates

53

1. distribute 分发 to separate into parts and give a share to each person2. accomplish 完成 to succeed in doing

3. manufacture 大量制造 to make goods on a large scale4. conduct 经营 to do; to carry on (business)

5. bankrupt 破产的 not having enough money to pay debts6. secure 获得 to make sure of getting (sth.)

7. merchandise 买卖 to buy and sell (goods)8. capital 资本 money used in business

54

9. finance 财政 , 金融 to work in the business of providing money10. profit 获利 financial gain

11. initiate 开始 , 实施 to put into operation12. share 股份 the part belong to or owed to a particular person

13. data 数据 information collected for examination and consideration 14. extract 取出 to take or get (sth.) out

15. process ( 用计算机 ) 处理 to perform operation on (sth.) in computer

55

decide on refer to look for extracted fromresponsible for pay for up to to a certain extentrelated to / with go bankrupt

1. With the help of the Internet, you can _________ specific research information in every country from Australia to the United States of America.

2. A company employee is subject to imprisonment for _______ 5 years and a $10,000 fine if he is involved in a bribe.

3. A survey of medical cost reveals that 16 percent of US families go into debt each year to ________ their medical treatment.

4.The oil which is ______________ seeds is used for cooking.extracted from

look for

up to

pay for

56

5. The real sin against life is to destroy beauty ,even one’s own, for that has been put in our care and we are______________ its well being.

6. The terrorists’ blast in the market has led to many small business ______________.

7. In this report the rise of crime is __________ the increase in unemployment.

related to

responsible for

going bankrupt

57

8. Straightening the road has reduced the risk of accidents and _________________has made it safer.

9. The speaker __________ the young man sitting at the back as an up-and-coming business tycoon .( 正在崛起的商业巨头 )

10. while still not able to overcome these problems ,he has failed ___________ some much-needed measures on his own.

to decide on

to a certain extent

referred to

58

1. Some raw materials may be taken from the air. be extracted2. To do business successfully involves a lot of factors. conduct3. The entrepreneur could stand all the possible losses of the

business. bear all the risks4. This letter is about the sale of the house. relates to 5. If the company cannot pay its debts, many people will lose their

jobs. goes bankrupt6. He failed to obtain the top job with the bank. secure

.

59

1.a.They will go ahead with their plans, even at the risk of offending the local people. n. b. Anyone traveling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested . n. c. The businessman is crazy to risk his money on an investment like that. v.

2.a.The mayor will perform the opening ceremony for the International Movie Festival. v. b. Every decent person should know that one should always perform what one promises. v. c. The news said that the company’s performance was disappointing last year. n.

60

3. a. The shopkeeper said he would replace the radio set if we were not satisfied. v. b. George has replaced Edward as captain of the team. v. c. We must find a replacement for Sue while she is away on holiday. n.

4. a. The climbers had reached the limit of their endurance. n. b. The parents asked their kids to keep spending within limits. n. c. The government place to limit land development in order to preserve the environment. v.

61

5. a. You must accept your share of responsibility for the failure of the firm. n. b. Their supreme desire is to be together –to share each other’s emotions, fancies, and dreams. v. c. We still have the largest market share, but the competition is growing fast. n.

62

Extended Activities

B. Function and Structure: Meeting People Key to : Greeting PeopleⅠ1. Hi, Tim! Not bad.2. Hi, Jane! What’s happening?

3. Hi, Mark! How are you doing? Yeah, a lot of people have colds. It’s this crazy weather -- cold one minute and hot the next.

4. Good morning, Mr. Edwards. How are you?

63

Key to : Say Good-byeⅡ

1.You, too. See you later.

2. Me too. See you tonight. So long.

3.You’re welcome, David. Have a good time. Good-bye.

4. I hope so, too. Have a good day. Bye.

64

C. Practical Reading: Timetable Key to I:

Stone Mount Trent Keel

Dep. Dep. Dep. Arr.

06:15 07:15 09:30 10:55

06:50 -- -- 11:10

07:15 08:15 10:30 11:55

07:50 -- -- 12:10

08:15 09:15 11:30 12:55

08:25 09:25 11:40 13:05

08:50 -- -- 13:10

09:15 10:15 12:30 13:55

09:25 10:25 12:40 14:05

09:50 -- -- 14:10

65

C. Practical Reading: Timetable Key to II:1. 12:552. 1 hour 25 minutes3. The 12:30 train from Trent.4. 07:15, 10:15.

D. Additional Vocabulary Key: 1-1; 2-7; 3-2; 4-12; 5-11; 6-6; 7-18; 8-3; 9-4; 10-5; 11-14; 12-17; 13-8; 14-20; 15-15; 16-13; 17-9; 18-16; 19-10; 20-19.

66

Unit Two --- Reading I

Marketing and Promotion

• Warm--up• Text• Translation• Notes• New Words• Examples• Exercises• Extended Activities

67

Text

Marketing and Promotion

1. When a company starts to sell goods in a new market, they often do some market research or a preliminary 预备的 study to see if the project is feasible 可行的 . They research the market potential 潜力 or do a feasibility study to see if they will make money by selling in the new market. In other words 也就是说 , they want to see if the product is viable 切实可行 .

2. One way to assess 评估 the market potential is to take a stand 摊位 at a trade fair 商品展销会 where companies can exhibit 展览 samples 样品 of their products and see what response反应 they get from prospective 可能的 customers. The trade fair is an exhibition of goods, and a company exhibits a

68

sample of its product at its stand. This is also a form of publicity 宣传 and the company representative 代理人 will probably hand out 分发 publicity brochures 小册子 to promote推销 the product further. Often journalists 新闻记者 write about the trade fair and sometimes companies hold a press conference 会议 if they want to promote a particular model or range. Each different type of car, bike, etc. is a model. All the different models made by a company make up 形成 its range 系列 . The full range of goods is normally displayed 陈列 in the company’s catalogue 目录 which is a booklet or brochure.

3. Another way of promoting or publicizing a new product is to place advertisements in magazines or newspapers.

69

Advertisements are also called adverts or ads for short 简称 . A plan to do a lot of advertising of one product is called a campaign. Starting an advertising campaign 宣传或销售某商品的活动 on a new product is known as 通称为 launching the product 推出新产品 .

4. The aim of promotion is to interest customers or clients客户 in the product. Initially 最初 customers might make inquiries 询问 about the product. When they decide to buy they place an order. At a trade fair companies are trying to win as many orders as possible. However, before a client places an order, he wants to know many things—how long delivery运送 takes, whether the company can supply replacements替换 and spare多余的 parts, what the

70

after-sales service is like, etc. If one of the components 零部件 of a product breaks, the customer will want a replacement spare part. If the product is complicated复杂的 , skilled workers might be needed to fit 安装 spare parts or to service维修 or maintain 保养 the machinery 机器 . Any maintenance or servicing of the company does after it has sold the product is called after-sales service 售后服务 . Whether a company can provide good after-sales service or not may directly affect the sales of its products.

71

译文：营销和促销

1 当一家公司开始在一个新市场出售货物时，他们往往做一些市场调查或初步研究，看看该项目是否是可行的。他们研究市场潜力或做可行性研究，通过在新市场的销售，看看是否会赚钱。换言之，就是他们想看到产品是否切实可行。

2 有个评估市场潜力的方法是，公司在商品交易会立个展位，可以展示其产品的样品，看看潜在的客户有什么反应。商品交易会是一个商品展览会，公司在展位展示产品的样本。这也是一种宣传形式，公司代表可能会分发宣传小册子来进一步促销。通常记者会报导贸易博览会，如果公司想促销某特殊型号或系列的产品，公司有时会举行记者招待会。每个不同类别的汽车、自行车等是一个型号。公司生产的所有不同的型号组成系列产品。所有系列产品通常显示在该公司的小册子或宣传册目录上。

72

3 另一种促销或宣传新产品的方式，是在杂志或报纸上做广告。广告也称为 advers 广告或缩写成 ads 广告。对一个产品做大量广告的计划，叫做促销活动。对一个新产品开始做促销活动，被称为发布新产品。

4 促销的目的是要顾客或客户对产品感兴趣。最初顾客可能对有关产品进行咨询。当他们决定购买时，会下一个订单。在商品交易会上，公司要尽可能多地赢得大量订单。但是，在客户下订单前，他想知道很多事情 ---运送要多长时间、公司是否可以供应替换件和备件，售后服务情况如何等等。如果产品的零件坏了，客户将要更换零件。如果是一个复杂的产品，可能需要熟练的工人来安装备件或维修或保养机器。任何公司的售后保养或维修，叫做售后服务。一个公司是否能提供良好的售后服务，可能直接影响其产品的销售。译者：周荆洪

73

Warm--up

I. Work with your partner and list things customers may consider when they make a purchase.

brand, price, color, style, size, type, package, usage, 品牌，价格，颜色，样式，大小，类型，包装，使用，

fashion, modern, date, company, address, performance, 时尚，现代，日期，公司，地址，业绩，

reputation, pollution, taste, smell, shape, materials, 信誉，污染，味道，气味，形状，材料，

74

weight, quality, performance, after-sales service, 重量 , 质量，性能，售后服务，

attitude, user-friendliness, environment-friendliness, 态度，方便用户，环境友好性，

reliability, comfortable, convenient, portable, sexy, beautiful,…可靠性，舒适，方便，轻便，性感，美丽 …

75

II. Pairwork: 1) How do you usually get to know a new product or service? 2) What practices are commonly used to promote a product or service? 3) Are you fond of buying promoted products? Why or why not?

4) How do you see promotional activities prevailing in today’s business world?

76

Modern marketing can direct the flow of goods and services from products to consumers. The satisfaction of particular customer needs was essential for success. Essentially, the marketing concept focuses all the activities of the organization on satisfying customer needs by integrating these activities with marketing to accomplish the organization’s long-range objectives. 现代营销可以引导从产品到消费者的商品和服务的流通。特定客户的需求满意度是成功的关键。基本上，营销理念集中在满足客户需求的所有活动的组织上，通过这些活动，完成本活动的长远目标。

77

5) What do you think are the responsibilities of a company’s marketing staff? They may think of something as product planning, promotional techniques, advertising, product development, new-product development, organizing the channels, credit policies, customer support, distribution, and corporate communications. To identify marketplace need, develop market offer, coordinate production and finance personnel, provide customer satisfaction, achieve organizational goals.

他们可能考虑如产品规划，推广技术，广告，产品开发，新产品开发，组织渠道，信贷政策，客户支持，分销，及企业交流。确定市场需要，发展市场供给，协调生产和财务人员，提供客户满意度，实现组织的目标。

78

Notes

1. do a preliminary study: to make a study before an important action or event.

2. market potential: possibility of being developed in the market.

3. a feasibility study: a study to find out whether a certain project has potential to succeed. The word “feasibility” is a noun, but can be used as an attributive.

4. a form of publicity: a way of proving information in order to attract public attention.

5. promote the product further: “further” here means “ to a greater degree’.

e.g. I must inquire further into this matter.

79

6. a range of: group or series of similar things.

7. place an order: to make an official request for goods to be supplied.

8. machinery: It is an uncountable noun, usually followed by a singular verb.

e.g. Machinery is being introduced to save labor.

80

New Words

1. preliminary a. 开端的；预备的2. feasible a. 可行的3. potential n. 潜力4. viable a. 切实可行5. assess v. 评估

6. stand n. 摊位7. fair n. 商品展销会8. exhibit v. 陈列，展览9. sample n. 样品10. response n .回答

81

11. prospective n. 预期的；可能的12. publicity n. 宣传；文告13. representative n. 代表；代理人14. brochure n. 小册子15. promote v. 推销；推广

16. journalist n. 新闻记者17. conference n. 会议18. range n. 系列19. display v. 陈列；展示20. catalogue n. 目录

82

21. campaign n. （宣传或销售某商品的活动）22. launch v. 推出并新产品23. client n. 客户24. initially ad. 最初25. inquiry n. 询问

26. delivery n. 递送；运送27. replacement n. 替换28. spare a. 多余的29. component n. 零部件30. complicated a. 复杂的

83

31. fit v. 安装32. service v. 保养；维修33. maintain v. 保养；维修34. machinery n. 机器

1. in other words 换句话说；也就是说2. hand out 分发3. make up 形成；构成4. for short 作为简略形成；简称5. be known as 通称为6. after-sales service 售后服务

84

preliminary a.feasible a.brochure n.

potential n.response n.campaign n.

Unit Two


85

component n.machinery n.fit v.

conference n.promote v.catalogue n.

86

complicated n.launch n.client n.

range n.display v.representative n.

87

prospective a.journalist n.inquiry n.

maintain v.delivery n. spare a.

88

viable a.sample n.publicity n.

stand n.fair n.feasible a.

89

publicity n.client n.initially ad.

inquiry n.exhibit n.display v.

90

New Words

1. preliminary a. 开端的；预备的2. feasible a. 可行的3. potential n. 潜力4. viable a. 切实可行5. assess v. 评估

6. stand n. 摊位7. fair n. 商品展销会8. exhibit v. 陈列，展览9. sample n. 样品10. response n .回答

91

11. prospective n. 预期的；可能的12. publicity n. 宣传；文告13. representative n. 代表；代理人14. brochure n. 小册子15. promote v. 推销；推广

16. journalist n. 新闻记者17. conference n. 会议18. range n. 系列19. display v. 陈列；展示20. catalogue n. 目录

92

21. campaign n. （宣传或销售某商品的活动）22. launch v. 推出并新产品23. client n. 客户24. initially ad. 最初25. inquiry n. 询问

26. delivery n. 递送；运送27. replacement n. 替换28. spare a. 多余的29. component n. 零部件30. complicated a. 复杂的

93

31. fit v. 安装32. service v. 保养；维修33. maintain v. 保养；维修34. machinery n. 机器

1. in other words 换句话说；也就是说2. hand out 分发3. make up 形成；构成4. for short 作为简略形成；简称5. be known as 通称为6. after-sales service 售后服务

94

Examples

1. market potential: 市场潜力

2. feasible a. 可行的 e.g. a feasible solution Now that we have the extra resources, the scheme seems

politically / financially / technically feasible. It’s quite feasible that we’ll get the money. Feasibility ( 可行性 ) is the noun form of feasible.

3. to see if / what: 发现 ;认定 e.g. I’ll call him and see how the job interview went. She went outside to see what was happening I’ve just come to see if you want to go out for a drink.

95

4. in other words: 换言之 ;那就是说 e.g. Your performance in the exam did not reach the required deman

d, in other words, you failed.

5. viable a. 切实可行的 synonym: feasible e.g. The scheme is not economically viable. viability n. e.g. commercial viability 商业上的可行性 the long-term financial viability of the company 公司的长期财政活力

6. exhibit vt. 展览 e.g. Her paintings were exhibited at a gallery.

96

7. assess vt. 评定，评价，估价，估计 e.g. He’s so lazy that it’s difficult to assess his ability. It’s too early to assess the effects of the new law. They assess the value of the house at $60,000. synonym: evaluate

8. stand n. 售货的亭子 / 摊位或者柜台 e.g. a hotdog stand an exhibition stand

9. sample n. 样品 e.g. samples of a new shampoo

97

10. trade fair: 贸易展销会 ; 商品交易会 Fair can also mean a gathering held at a specified time

and place for the buying and selling of goods; a market or an exhibition, as of farm products or manufactured goods, usually accompanied by various competitions and entertainments. (博览会 , 通常带有竞争性和娱乐性 .)

11. representative n. (公司 ) 代理人 e.g. The role of the sales representative is extremely im

portant in the organization’s overall sales effort.

98

12. prospective customer: 潜在的客户

13. publicity n. 宣传 e.g. We have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers.

publicity n. 宣传 ; 宣扬 propaganda n. ( 贬义词 ) 尤指政府为了影响民意而进行的宣传 e.g. We will hold a big publicity campaign to highlight the dangers of smoking . Their speeches have been exposed as pure propaganda.Therefore, the Chinese expression 宣传部 should not be translated into “Propaganda Department”, instead, a proper translation should be “Publicity Department 宣传部” .

99

14. hand out: 分发 ; 散发展 e.g. Hand out the books to everyone in the classroom. He’s very good at handing out advice !

“handout” : 发给出席讲座等的听众的印刷品 ;讲义

15. 辨析 brochure, booklet & catalogue brochure n. 小册子 ,常包括推销材料或产品信息 . booklet n. 小册子 e.g. We bought a booklet about the castle城堡 from the tourist office.

catalogue n. 商品目录 e.g. a mail order catalogue; an online catalogue

100

16. press conference: ( 产品的 ) 新闻发布会

17. promote vt. promotion n. 1) 提升 e.g. My daughter’s just been promoted. The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain. They promoted him captain.

2) 推销 ( 货物 ) e.g. They staged a big advertising campaign to promote their new product.

3) 促进 ;增进 ; 推动 e.g. Milk promotes health. We must make new efforts to promote human peace and development.

101

18. model n. 产品型号或款式 e.g. a luxury /new model

19. make up 1) 形成 ;组成 ; 构成 e.g. Farming and mining make up most of the country’s industry. 2) 虚构 ;捏造 e.g. He made up an excuse for his being late. 3) 化装 e.g. She never goes out without making herself up first.

“Make-up”化妆 ;化妆品 is the noun form, which means the powder, paint, etc. worn on the face, either by actors or for improving one’s appearance.

Therefore, we have the following phrases: eye make-up 眼影 ; stage make-up 舞台化妆 .

102

20. display vt. 呈现 ; 展示 e.g. Why don’t you display your ad on the notice board where everyone can see it? The permit许可证 should be clearly displayed in the front window.

21. for short: 简略为 ; 简称 e.g. My name is David ,or Dave for short.

A similar phrase containing “short” is in short ( 简而言之 ), which means “ to put it into as few words as possible”, e.g. This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever; in short, a fiasco ( 惨败 ).

103

22. campaign n. 以达到某一目的而采取的一项或一系列活动 e.g. an advertising campaign for a new product

23. “an advertisement campaign on a new product”: Here “on” means “affecting / relating to “( 关于 )” e.g. a book on China new evidence on the matter 24. (be) known as / to be : 以……而闻名 e.g. Hangzhou and Suzhou are known as paradise on earth China is known to be a populous country.

104

25. 辨析 customer and client A customer is a person who buys goods or a service. e.g. Mrs. Low can’t come to the phone—she’s serving a customer. Mrs. Wilson is one of our regular customers.

A client is a person who receives services; so if you are paying for services, for example, from a lawyer or a bank, you are a client. e.g. Mr. Black has been a client of this from many years.

26. as …as possible: e.g. as soon as possible as many as possible as simple as possible as early as possible

105

27. order n. 订单 e.g. Can I take you now or would you like to have a drink first? I would like to place (=make) an order for a large pine table.

order v.订货 ,下订单 e.g. Are you ready to order, or would you like to look at the menu for a little longer?

28. delivery (of goods) n. : transport of goods to a customer’s address. 交货

106

29. replacement n. 代替者 ,替换物 e.g. We are out of stock and waiting for replacement.我们现无存货 , 正等待进新货 .

30. spare parts: 备件

31. component n. 元件 ,部件 e.g. These companies make electronic components for computer products.

32. service v. 维修 ; 保养 e.g. I’m having the car serviced next week.

33. machinery (总称 ) 机器 e.g. New machinery is being installed in the factory.

107

34. 辨析 affect and effect “affect” is a verb 动词 , meaning “ to have an influence on”, while “effect” is usually a noun名词 , meaning “ the result of a particular influence”.

e.g. The divorce affected every aspect of her life . The team’s performance was affected by the rain. I think all the worry has affected my brain! The disease only affects cattle. I was deeply affected by the film. Government policy will not affect us / will not have any effect on us.

108

Exercises

.Ⅰ Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions..Ⅱ Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences..Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings provideⅢ

d..Ⅳ

Put the following words expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.

.Ⅴ Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.

.Ⅵ Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

109

1. What does a company often do when it lands on a new market? The key comes from Paragraph 1: They often do some market research or preliminary study to see if the project is feasible. 2. What is the purpose of doing market research? The key comes from Paragraph 1: To see if the project is feasible, or to see if they will make money by selling in the new market, or to see if the product is viable.

110

3. What does a company exhibit at a trade fair? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Samples of their products.

4. Why does a company exhibit its goods at a trade fair? The key comes from Paragraph 2: The company can exhibit some samples of their products, see what response they get from prospective customers and the trade fair is also a form of publicity.

5. What will company representatives probably do to further promote their products? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Hand out publicity brochures to promote the product further.

111

6. What will companies do if they want to promote a particular model or range?

The key comes from Paragraph 2: Hold a press conference.

7. What does launching a product mean? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Starting an advertising campaign on a new product is

known as launching the product.

112

8. What does a client usually want to know before placing an order?

The key comes from Paragraph 4: Make inquiries about the products. They want to know m

any things--- how long delivery takes, whether the company can supply replacements and spare parts, what the after-sales service is like, etc.

9. What will directly affect a company’s sales performance? The key comes from Paragraph 4: Whether a company can provide good after-sales service

or not may directly affect the sales of its products.

113

10. How do companies usually promote or publicize a new product?

The key comes from Paragraph2--- 4: To take a stand at a trade fair; to hand out publicity brochures;

to hold a press conference or have some reports about products; to place advertisements in magazines or newspapers or on TV or Internet; to take a lot of advertising campaigns with colored background, attractive music, entertainment or performance or model show; to answer questions well or promise a good after-sales; to provide a chance to use freely or send something as a gift; to give a discount; to have receptions or parties; to help the people in troubles or contribute to our society or motherland, etc.

114

1. One way to assess the market potential is________. a. to take a stand at a trade fair b. to advertise on TV or in magazines and newspapers c. to ask the prospective buyers to answer a questionnaire d. to hand out publicity brochures at the entrance to the

trade fair.

2. according to the text, a campaign refers to _________. a. a firm or a business b. a plan to advertise a product c. a connected series of military operation d. an investigation into the market potential of product

115

3. Before a client places an order he or she wants to know all of the following BUT________. a. whether the company will exhibit its products at a trade fair b. whether the company can supply replacements and spare parts c. whether the company can deliver the ordered product promptly d. whether the company can provide necessary maintenance or servicing

116

4. Promotion aims to ________. a. further publicize a product b. raise customers’ interest in a product c. make full use of the market potential d. offer lower price and better service to customers

5.______ is (are) usually displayed in a company’s catalogue. a. The company’s profile b. The company’s structure c. The company ‘s product rang d. The company’s promotion activities

Key: a. b. a. b. c

117

1. client 客户 a person with whom business is done or a person who pays for a service

2. promote 推销 , 推广 to increase the sales (of a new product) by publicity, sales campaigns, TV commercials or free gifts

3. catalogue 目录 a list of places, names, objects, goods, etc.

4. delivery 递送 , 运送 the act of taking or giving something to someone, or the things taken or given

5. market 市场 a building, square or open place where people meet to buy and sell goods.

118

6. launch 推出 ( 新产品 ) to put (a new product) on the market (usually spending money on advertising it )

7. company 公司 an organization made up of people who work together for the purpose of business or trade

8. range 系列 a set of different objects of the same kind

9. after-sales service 售后服务 service of a product carried out by the seller for the buyer

10. campaign ( 宣传或销售某商品的 ) 活动 a series of planned activities with a particular commercial aim

119

prospective assess make up for short viable in other words potential known as campaign feasibility hand out publicity

1.The tax only affects people on incomes of over $200,000, ___________ , the very rich.

2. The promotion organizers spent over $5000,000 on ______ alone in the hope that the style of the product would be a selling point.

3.The main street between the castle and the palace ___________“the Royal Mile”

4. His name’s Maximilian, but we just call him Max _______.

in other words

publicity

is known as

for short

120

5.He studied the German market to find the _______ there for profitable investment.

6.If you choose to do so, you can make a photocopy of the explanation and ________ to the class.

7. The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much broader and more ______than 10 years ago.

8. The government is making a __________study on the shopping center proposal.

potential

hand it out

viable

feasibility

121

9. Brand A __________of four packs each containing a full day’s food.

10.My mother keeps introducing me to men she considers to be__________ husbands.

11. Environmental groups launched a __________ against the widespread production of genetically modified crops (转基因农作物 )

12. This test provides an excellent way of __________students’ progress.

assessing

is made up

prospective

campaign

122

1.The U.S.A. is abbreviated from the United States of America. The United States of America is called the U.S.A. for short.

2. Peace and honor could not be estimated in dollars. be assessed3.Do you think the plan for the new product is feasible? viable4.The purpose of taking a stand at a trade fair is to see the response from possible buyers. prospective customers5. The firm made a request for a new fax machine last week. placed an order6. Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard – to express it in another way, you failed. in other words

123

1 ． a. A lot depends on building and maintaining a good relationship with your customers. v. b. Engineers are carrying out essential maintenance work on the main line to London. n . c. Critics maintain that these reforms will lead to a decline in educational standards. v.

2. a. After two failures, NASA (National Aeronautical and Space Administration) will try to launch a new space shuttle again on Sunday. v. b. Modifying current equipment enables them to improve the quality while the product is being launched and its success evaluated. v. c. Encouraged by its success, the company launched an ambitious plan aimed at increasing the profit by 58 percent a year. v.

124

3. a. The message conveyed by the leadership was the Three Gorges Project will be carried out in two phases. n. b. The local government will help fund this project, which includes the building of 150 day-care centers. n. c. Every student school try to project his / her mind into the future and imagine what life will be like then. v.

4. a. The pants were a little tight at first, but after I wore them a few time, they fit like a glove. v. b. We’ve got a match neat month, so we’ve got to keep ourselves reasonably fit. a. c. Looking at her resume, she should be fit for the sales job perfectly. a.

125

5. a. After examination the doctor told me that my blood pressure’s well within the normal range.

n. b. It is common sense that in a company only a

fairly narrow range of people is responsible for key decisions. n.

c. The temperature in you kitchen and around your picnic table range from 28 to 33 degrees.

v.

126

Extended Activities

B. Function and Structure: Introduce People Key:

1.This is my brother It’s a pleasure to meet you.

2. like you to meet Nice to meet you !

3. I’d like to introduce a friend of mine Hello

4. Hello. I’m Helen Nice to meet you Nice to meet you

5. have you met I’d like you to meet Mr. King this is Mr. Thatcher I’m glad to meet you

127

C. Practical Reading: Price List Key to I:

Code No. Description price$ Delivery0048 Green 58x72cmPVC $33.85 3 weeks0049 Pink44x72cmPVC $28.00 Immediate0050 Red88x88cmPVC $79.75 10 days 0057 Green 44.5 x 25cmnylon $15.00 7 days0057B White44.5x25cmnylon $14.00 14Days0059 Clear78x95cmPVC $89.50 To order only

128

Key to II:

1.0057B 2. 0049 3. Oct.16 4. 115.5 yuan (RMB)

5. Four types:

0048 $33.85 0049 $28.00 0050 $79.75 0059 $89.50

129

D. Additional Vocabulary Key:

1-15; 2-13; 3-17; 4-20; 5-19; 6-18; 7-16; 8-14; 9-12; 10-11; 11-6; 12-7; 13-3; 14-1; 15-5; 16-8; 17-2; 18-4; 19-10; 20-9.

130

Unit Three --- Reading I

The Modern Servant---Nanny

Warm—up

Text

Translation

Notes

New Words Examples

Exercises Extended Activities

131

Text1. Amanda Peniston-Bird, 21, is the daughter of a judge and has just completed a two-year training course to be a nanny at the Norland Nursery Training College. She and her mother talk about her choice of career职业 .2. Amanda My sister Charlotte was born when I was seven and my mother decided she needed a nanny 保姆 to look after us. So we got Alison. She was very young, seventeen I think, and wonderful. I adored热爱 her. She only worked part-time with us before she started her training at Norland College. She had to dress us in the morning and take me to school. After school she made us delicious teas and read us stories in bed. On Charlotte’s birthday she organized a fantastic极好的 party.

The Modern Servant-Nanny

132

3. When Alison left, we had a trained nanny who lived with us and worked fulltime. She was called Nanny Barnes by everyone, including my parents. She was older and quite traditional and wore a uniform. It was then that I realized that I wanted to be a nanny. I have always got on well with children. I have always enjoyed taking care of my sister and younger cousins堂（表）兄弟姐妹 . I told Mummy very firmly坚定地 that I wanted to be a nanny when I grew up. At the time she laughed. I know that she and Daddy thought it was just a childish孩子气的 phase时期 I was going through 经历 , but it wasn’t. They thought I would follow in my father’s footsteps 从事与父亲同样的职业 and study law; But I didn’t. There were some terrible rows激烈的争论 but I didn’t go to

133

university. I left school and spent a year working at Ludgrove School, where Prince William used to go. Then I started my training course at Norland College. I finished the course last month and I’ve applied for申请 the post of nanny to twins aged six months. Mummy and Daddy weren’t angry for long. We made it up言归于好 before I went to college, and they have encouraged鼓励 me ever since.4. Amanda’s Mother Her father is still a wee很小的 bit disappointed 失望的 that she didn’t take after him很像他 and study law, but I think we’re both

134

proud自豪的 , and also pleased, that she has made her own decisions in life and done so well. We have brought her up养育 to be an independent自主的 thinker 有思想的人 , so we can’t complain抱怨 . Everything has turned out for the best. I had a nanny when I was a child but I never thought of 想到 being one myself, but times have changed and “nannying” has been socially acceptable 受欢迎的 for a long time. It wasn’t just Princess Diana who made it fashionable时兴的 !

135

译文 :

现代服务员 --- 保姆

1 阿曼达 - 佩尼斯顿百德， 21 岁，是一名法官的女儿，刚刚在 Norland 托儿所培训学院，完成一项为期两年的保姆训练课程。她和她的母亲谈到她的职业选择。

2 阿曼达我妹妹夏洛特出生时，我 7 岁，我母亲决定请一个保姆来照顾我们。因此，我们有了保姆艾莉森。她很年轻，我想她有 17 岁吧，人很棒。我十分喜欢她。她去 Norland 托儿所培训学院之前，在我家是部分工作时间。早上，她为我们穿衣服，再送我上学。放学后，她为我们做美味的茶点，并在床上为我们读故事书。夏洛特过生日时，她举办了一个十分美好的聚会。

3 艾莉森离开后，我们又有一个训练有素的保姆，她跟我们一起

136

生活，是全职工作。包括我的父母在内，大家称呼她保姆班恩。她年龄较大，相当传统并穿着制服。就是从那时起，我意识到我想当一个保姆。我总是与儿童们相处很好。我一直很喜欢照顾我妹妹和表弟妹。我非常坚定地告诉妈妈，等我长大了要当一名保姆。当时她大笑了起来。我知道她和爸爸以为我只是处在一个幼稚的阶段，但并不是这样。他们以为我会学爸爸那样工作，研究法律，但我没有。我们之间，有了些可怕的争吵，但我没有去读大学。我离开学校后，在 Ludgrove 学校工作了一年，那是威廉王子过去常去的地方。然后，到 Norland 学院，开始了训练课程。上个月我完成了课程，并已经申请做一对 6个月大的双胞胎的保姆工作。妈妈和爸爸不再生气了，在我去学院前，我们和好了。从此，他们一直鼓励我。

137

4 阿曼达的母亲她没有像父亲那样从事研究法律的工作，她父亲仍有一点点失望，但是我认为我和她的父亲都感到骄傲，也很高兴，在生活中，她能自作主张，并且做得这么好。我们把她养大，做个独立思考的人，所以我们不能抱怨。结果证明一切都很好。我小时候，也有一个保姆，可我从来没有想过自己做保姆，但是时代已经变了，“做保姆”已被社会接受了很久。这并不只是因为戴安娜王妃而使之变得时尚起来！

译者：周荆洪

138

Warm--up

teacher, waiter / waitress, businessman, typist, driver, engineer, shop assistant, accountant, pilot, secretary, technician, worker…

1. Brainstorming: Work with your partner and list in the spaces provided below occupations you think are.

139

2. Pairwork: 1) What do your parents do? How do you like their occupations? 2) Have you ever thought of your future career?

Yes, Then… What do you want to do when you graduate from college?

What do your parents think of your choice of career?

How will you prepare for your future career?

No, Then…

What careers are you interested in?

How will your parents’ attitude influence your choice of career?

How can you find out which career is right for you?

140

Notes

1. Norland Nursery Training College: a college which trains children’s nurses in northland of the United Kingdom.

2. We got Alison: We had Alison as our nanny.

3. At the time: at a certain moment in the past.

4. Prince William: born in 1982, the first son of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, grandson of Queen Elizabeth II.

141

New Words

1. nanny n. 保姆2. career n. 职业 3. adore v. 热爱，尊敬4. part-time a. 兼职的，部分时间5. delicious a.. 美味的

6. organize v. 安排，筹划7. fantastic a. 极好的8. full-time a/ad 全日制的（地）9. including prep. 包括10. traditional a. 传统的

142

11. cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟姐妹12. firmly ad. 坚定地13. childish a. 孩子的，孩子气的14. phase n. 阶段，时期15. footstep n 脚步声

16. row n. 噪声，激烈的争论17. apply v. 申请，请求18. encourage v. 鼓励19. wee a. 小的，很小的20. disappointed a. 失望的，受挫的

143

21. proud a. 自豪的22. independent a. 独立的，自主的23. thinker n. 有思想的人 ,思想家

24. complain v. 投诉25. acceptable a. 值得接受的；受欢迎的26. fashionable a. 流行的；时兴的

144

1. get on with 与……相处和睦2. go through 经历3. make (it) up with 言归于好4. turn out 证明是某人或某物5. grow up 长大，成人6. for long 很久

7. apply for 申请8. take after 与某人很像9. bring up 养育；教育10. think of 考虑到；想到11. follow in one’s footsteps 从事与他人同样的职业或过同样的生活

145

fashionable a.acceptable a.footstep n.

part-time a.full-time a.encourage v.

Unit ThreeWhat words can you associate with the pictures?

146

apply v.delicious a.footstep n.

wee a.thinker n.proud a.

147

cousin n.childish a.organize v.

traditional a.phase n.wee a.

148

row n.complain v.phase n.

disappointed a.adore v.

149

f

fantastic a.independent a.row n.proud a.adore v.

150

firmly a.nanny n.traditional a.

organize v.Including prep.career n.

151

New Words

1. nanny n. 保姆2. career n. 职业 3. adore v. 热爱，尊敬4. part-time a. 兼职的，部分时间5. delicious a.. 美味的

6. organize v. 安排，筹划7. fantastic a. 极好的8. full-time a/ad 全日制的（地）9. including prep. 包括10. traditional a. 传统的

152

11. cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟姐妹12. firmly ad. 坚定地13. childish a. 孩子的，孩子气的14. phase n. 阶段，时期15. footstep n 脚步声

16. row n. 噪声，激烈的争论17. apply v. 申请，请求18. encourage v. 鼓励19. wee a. 小的，很小的20. disappointed a. 失望的，受挫的

153

21. proud a. 自豪的22. independent a. 独立的，自主的23. thinker n. 有思想的人 ,思想家

24. complain v. 投诉25. acceptable a. 值得接受的；受欢迎的26. fashionable a. 流行的；时兴的

154

1. get on with 与……相处和睦2. go through 经历3. make (it) up with 言归于好4. turn out 证明是某人或某物5. grow up 长大，成人6. for long 很久

7. apply for 申请8. take after 与某人很像9. bring up 养育；教育10. think of 考虑到；想到11. follow in one’s footsteps 从事与他人同样的职业或过同样的生活

155

Examples

1. 辨析 career and profession 需要特别训练的并终身或长期从事的职业；一生的事业 e.g. choice of career a career in banking a change of career 尤指受过教育和专门训练的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的专业、职业 e.g. career soldier 职业军人 career diplomat 职业外交家 career woman / girl 职业女性 He is a lawyer by profession. professional a. e.g. professional standard 专业标准 a professional photographer 职业摄影师 professional foul （体育运动中）故意犯规 He is a footballer who turned professional.

156

2. nanny n. 保姆；奶奶 e.g. She found a job as a nanny with a wealthy Italian family.

3. 辨析 part-time and full-time e.g. a part-time job a part-time student 非全日制学生 a full-time job 全职工作 a full-time student 全日制学生 He works full-time.

4. V+ Oi + Od e.g. He brings me cooking every day. She made me a beautiful dress. The guest was given a warm welcome by the crowd.

157

5. delicious a. 美味的 e.g. a delicious meal

6. wear v. 穿，戴 e.g. Susanna was wearing a black silk dress.

7. uniform n. 制服 e.g. school /army/police uniform He was still wearing his school uniform.

8. get on with: 与……相处 e.g. Do you get on well with your boss? My brother and I have never really got on .

9. at the time : 当时，那时候 e.g. It seemed like a good idea at the time.

158

10. phase n. 阶段 e.g. It’s just a phase he’s going through. The work will be carried out in phases.

11. go through 遭受；经历；忍受 e.g. The company has gone through too many wars.

12. make it up with: 和解 e.g. It’s time you made it up with your sister.

13. turn out : 证明是某……，结果是……，发展为…… e.g. It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right. To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong. The party turned out a success.

159

14. for long : e.g. Have you known them for long? I haven’t seen her for so long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.

15. apply for : 提出请求或申请 e.g. I’ll apply for the job today. She applied for a job with the local newspaper.

16. a wee bit : 有些；有点 e.g. He’s a wee bit drunk.

17. take after: 长相或者举止像（某个长辈）（不用于进行式） e.g. The child took after his father only when seen at a distance.

18. make a decision : 下决心，作出决定 e.g. After weeks of sleepless nights, I firmly made a decision. Let me know as soon as you arrive at a decision.

160

19. bring up : 教育；教养 e.g. She was brought up to believe that money is not the most important thing in the world. He was well brought up.

20. think of : 考虑；想到 e.g. We are thinking of going to France. She lay awake thinking of the money.

21. follow in one’s footsteps: 继承某人的事业；步某人的后尘 e.g. The girl’s following in her father’s footsteps and studying to be a doctor.

161

Exercises

.Ⅰ Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions..Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.Ⅱ.Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings proⅢ

vided.. Put the following words expressions from the text in the blanks toⅣ

complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined wordsⅤ

with appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompⅥ

ts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

162

1. What is Amanda’s father? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Amanda Peniston-Bird,21,is the daughter of a judge.

2. Who was Alison? The key comes from Paragraph 2: My sister Charlotte was born when I was seven and my mother decided she needed a nanny to look after us. So we got Alison.

3. When did Alison come to be with Amanda’s family? The key comes from Paragraph 2: My sister Charlotte was born when I was seven and my mother decided she needed a nanny to look after us. So we got Alison.

163

4. Why did little Amanda adore Alison very much? The key comes from Paragraph 2: She was very young and wonderful. She had to dress us in the morning and take me to school. After school she made us delicious teas and read us stories in bed. On Charlotte’s birthday she organized a fantastic party.

5. How was Nanny Barnes different from Alison? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Nanny Barnes worked full-time. She was older and quite traditional and wore a uniform.

6. When did Amanda realize that she wanted to be a nanny? The key comes from Paragraph 3: When Alison left, we had a trained nanny who lived with us and worked full-time. It was then that I realized that I wanted to be a nanny.

164

7. What did Amanda’s parents think of young Amanda’s decision at the time? The key comes from Paragraph 3: They thought it was just a childish phase she’s going through.

8. What career did Amanda’s parents expect her to pursue? The key comes from Paragraph 3: The parents thought she would follow in her father’s footsteps and study law.

9. When did Amanda’s parents begin to encourage her instead of frowning on her career choice? The key comes from Paragraph 3 The parents and she made it up before she went to college, and they have encouraged her ever since.

165

10. Why did Amanda’s parents’ attitude change toward her choice of career? The key comes from Paragraph 4 Amanda has made her own decisions in life and done so well. They have brought her up to be an independent thinker, so they can’t complain. Everything has turned out for the best.

11. Why do Amanda’s parents feel proud of their daughter? The key comes from Paragraph 4 They’re proud and pleased that their daughter has made her own decisions in life and done so well.

12. How would your parents react to your decision to be a nanny?

166

1. How did little America think of her first nanny, Alison? a. Alison was well trained as a nanny. b. Alison was too young to be a qualified nanny. c. Alison hardened her resolve to be a nanny. d. Alison stirred her interest in being a nanny.

2. Why did Amanda want to be a nanny? a. She enjoyed looking after children. b. She didn’t want to study in a law school. c. She hated to follow in her father’s footsteps. d. Princess Diana made nannying a fashionable job.

167

3. How do Amanda’s parents feel about her choice of career now? a. Her parents think that her decision is rather childish and she

will regret sooner or later. b. Her parents can’t come to terms with the fact that their daugh

ter chooses to be a nanny. c. Her parents feel very sorry for her and believe their daughter

deserves a more decent job. d. Her parents look upon her choice with mixed feelings but feel

proud of her being so independent.

4. What is true about Alison ? a. Alison worked full-time with Amanda’s family. b. Alison got on well with Amanda and Amanda’s sister. c. Alison came to look after Amanda when Amanda was born. d. Alison was hired by Princess Diana to nurse Prince William.

168

5. What can you conclude from the passage? a. Every nanny in Britain school go to college for for

mal training b. Both Alison and Nanny Barnes influenced Amand

a’s choice of career c. Parents are held responsible for making good care

er decisions for their children d. Nannying has been widely accepted as a respecta

ble and fashionable job in Britain.

Key : d. a. d. b. b

169

1. organize 安排 ;筹划 to make the necessary arrangement for2. complain 投诉 ;抱怨 to say that one is not satisfied, unhappy

3. disappointed 失望的 ; 受挫的 sad of dissatisfied4. apply 申请 to make a formal request

5. phase 阶段 ;时期 a stage in a process of change 6. row 噪声 ;激烈争吵 loud noise; noisy argument

170

7. including 包括 having as a part8. delicious 美味的 pleasant; good to eat

9. adore 热爱 ;尊敬 to love deeply and respect highly10. fantastic 极好的 excellent; marvelous

11. proud 感到得意的 ; 自豪的 feeling or showing pride12. fashionable 时兴的 ;流行的 following a style that is currently popular

171

part-time go through make a decision bring up take after make it up turn out at the time get on with for long follow in one’s footsteps

1. The girl’s father is a doctor, she ___________________ and studying to be a doctor.2. As a postgraduate, he supports himself by working __________ in a company.3. The child __________ his father only when seen at a distance.4. The secretary tells me that our new manager is very kind and easy to __________.5. The company has been _____________considerable change for the past three years.

is following in her father’s footsteps

part-timetook after

get on withgoing through

172

6. When I first heard the proposal, I agreed _________,but later I changed my mind.7. The company met with a serious financial problem and had to ____________ as to what to do.8.John had a quarrel with Mary last week. Has he ___________ with her yet?9.The job __________ to be harder than we had expected .10.As a good-hearted nanny, Mrs. Smith _________ five parentless children.11. I haven’t seen her daughter ________, so that I’ve forget what she looks like.

for long

at the time

make a decision

made it upturned out

brought up

173

1.I’ll have a little drop of cream in my coffee. wee 2.How can I read with all this noise going on ? row 3.He is going through the most exciting stage of his career. phase 4.Why don’t you end your quarrel and shake hands with each other? make it up 5.He has made up his mind to return to China and request for a job. apply for 6.Since he’s no longer a child ,he can make his own decision. he has grown up

174

1. a. Many young females adore visiting fashionable shows. v.

b. Most of the indigenous tribes on the island adore her as a goddess. v.

c. Girls and boys adore this film for its eye-catching special effects. v.

2. a. He accepted the task without realizing the risk he was taking . v.

b. She spoke English so well that I never realized she was German. v.

c. She realized her ambition of becoming an actress after ceaseless efforts. v.

175

3. a. He seated himself in the boat and began rowing towards the harbor’s month. v. b. He’s always having a row with his wife about trifles. n. c. We stood in row to receive our certificates from the headmaster. n.

4. a. The mood of the meeting turned solemn when the problem became known. v. b. I waited so long for my turn to see the doctor that I missed train. n. c. Many countries are starting to turn their attention to new forms of energy. v.

176

5. a. He has spent most of his life working for the same company. v. b. The minister was looking forward to spending more time with his family. v. c. They are only able to spend money on basic necessity. v.

177

Extended Activities

B． Function and Structure: Expressing and Responding to Thanks Key to I:1.Thank you very much It’s a pleasure

2. can never thank you enough for It’s nothing

3. Much appreciated. Don’t mention it

4. I’m much obliged to you you would have done the same in my position

178

C. Practical Reading: Business Cards Key :1. Sandy Vincent. Because he is an art director. By phone at 081-743-5892 or by fax at 081-743-6351 Phoning is more convenient, for it can reach the very person you want immediately and more directly.

2. TELECON. 23 via Roma, Torino, Italy. Fax: 11 657 2943

3. Brian Conroy. His surname is Conroy and his first name is Brian. He’s working in the International Sales Department. Hardware. He’s American.

179

4. I’d advise him to contact Michael Martin. Because he works for INFO TEC, which will provide him with useful information. Chief Information Official. Office: (513) 529-2417.

5. I’ll contact SHINICHI SUZUKI. He is a software engineer. IMPEX IMP. & EXP. LTD.

6 ． John Halley. Salesman. By sending an E-mail to him.

180

D. Additional Vocabulary Key:1-15; 2-1; 3-21; 4 -13; 5-9;

6- 6; 7-26; 8 - 3; 9 - 4; 10-5;

11- 8; 12-18; 13-30; 14-11; 15-23;

16 -2; 17-10; 18-25; 19-29; 20-22;

21-12; 22-19; 23-16; 24-7; 25-17;

26-27; 27-14; 28-28; 29-24; 30-20

181

Unit Four --- Reading I

Personal Progress and Job-hopping

Warm--upTextTranslationNotes

New Words ExamplesExercisesExtended Activities

182

Text Personal Progress and Job-hopping

1. In many parts of the world, personal influence影响 is almost essential必要的 in getting ahead 出人头地 . One needs a “godfather教父 ” , a “sponsor赞助人 ” . Here that is not true. Naturally all people use influence sometimes, but one rarely advances far on that basis alone in the United States. Here traits 品质 which lead to导致 success are generally considered to be the willingness to work hard (at any kind of job), scholarship 学识 or skill, initiative 主动性 , an agreeable令人愉快的 and outgoing外向的 personality性格 . In other words, even in the realm领域 of personal progress, this is a

183

“do-it-yourself ” society. By and large 总的说来 , success is neither inherited 继承 nor bestowed 赠与 . This means, therefore, that our employment practices are different from those in many other countries.

2. In some nations it is considered disloyal 不忠诚的 to quit a job; deep reciprocal互惠的 loyalties 忠诚 exist between employee and employer (“recipient接受者” and “patron 资助人 ” in many cases); lifelong 终生的 job security 保障 and family honor are frequently involved.

184

3. This is not true in the United States. “Job-hopping” is part of our constant 不断的 mobility流动性 . We consider it a “right” to be able to better 改善 ourselves, to move upward升迁 , to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying取得资格 for more responsible( and therefore better) jobs.

4. This interchangeability 可互换性 of personnel员工 seems unreasonable to some members of foreign nations. Where are our roots? How can we be so cold and inhuman无人性的 ? “We act,” some say, “as if we were dealing with 处理 machines, not humans.” They do not understand that a great

185

many Americans like to move about. New jobs present new challenges挑战 , new opportunities, new friends, and new experiences—often a new part of the country.

5. The employer may be quite content满意的 too. Perhaps he has had the best of that man’s thinking; a new person may bring in引进 fresh ideas, improved skills, or new abilities. Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will have no seniority 资历 . Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may bounce弹回 back and forth 来回地 among two or three corporations, being welcomed back to his original 起初的 company more than once through his career, each time at a different level.

186

译文 :

个人发展与工作跳槽

1 在世界许多地方，要获得成功，个人的影响力几乎是必不可少的。人都需要有一个“教父” ，一个“赞助人” 。但在美国这里，却不是这样。当然有时所有的人都使用人的影响力，但是，在美国仅仅依靠这种影响力，一个人极少发展得很好。在这里，导致成功的性格，一般被认为是：愿意努力工作（任何职务）、学识或技能、主动性、令人喜欢的外向的性格。换言之，即使是在个人进步的范围讲，这也是一个“自己动手”的社会。大体上说，成功既不是继承，也不是赐予。因此，这意味着，我们的就业做法不同于其他许多国家。

187

2 在一些国家把放弃某个工作，看成是不忠诚的表现；在雇员和雇主之间存在很深的互惠忠诚度，（许多情况下是“接受者”和“资助人”的关系）；终身工作的保障和家庭的荣誉也经常被联系起来。

3 在美国，这样却是不正确的。 “工作跳槽”是我们经常流动性的一部分。我们认为这是改善自己生活、人往高处走的一个“权利”，如果我们能保持资格承担更大的责任（因此，更好的工作），就会从一个公司跳到另一个到公司。

4 对一些外国人而言，这种员工的可互换性似乎是不合理的。我们的根在哪里呢？我们怎么能如此冷漠和不人道？ “我们的行为， ”有人说， “好象是跟机器打交道，而不是

188

与人相处。 ”他们不明白，许多美国人都喜欢流动工作。新的工作呈现新的挑战、新的机遇、新的朋友和新的经验，常常是这个国家一个新的地方。

5 雇主也可能会相当满意。或许他拥有最佳的思维；一个新人可能会带来新的观念，提高了的技能，或新的能力。况且，一个新手可能会以较低的薪金起步，因为他没有任何资历。在这里，事实上跳槽是这样乐意被接受，一个有能力的人可能在两个或三个公司之间跳来跳去，不止一次受欢迎回到他原来的公司工作，且每一次都在不同的层次工作。

译者：周荆洪

189

Warm--upI. Work with your partner and list things that people

may consider in choosing their jobs.

Job security, good pay, challenging work, no stress, 工作安全、好薪资，挑战性的工作 , 没有压力 ,

distance from work, commuting time, team spirit, 上班的距离 , 上下班时间 , 团队精神、

opportunities to work independently,独立工作机会 ,

190

employee shareholding program, retirement benefits, 职员股权计划、退休利益、

overtime work, paid holidays, vacation time, 加班时间、带薪度假、假期时间、

working environment, interesting / friendly coworkers, 工作环境、有趣的 /友好的同事、

prestigious title, job status etc. 享有声望的名称 , 工作状态等等

191

II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.1.What is important for you in a job? And why?2.Which job do you like to take, a well-paid job you dis

like or a poorly paid job you enjoy?3.Do you prefer to be an employer or an employee?

To Be Employer1. What are the possible benefits of being an employer?2. What qualities does an employer desire in an employee?3. Will you hole against an employee who has a record of f

requent job-hopping?

To Be an Employee1. What are the possible benefits of being an employee?2. What qualities does an employee desire in an employer?3. What is you attitude toward the practice of frequent job-

hopping?

192

Notes

1. job-hopping: the practice of moving from job to job.

2. do-it-yourself society: a society in which you should do things yourself, and depend on yourself. (abb. DIY)

3. One needs a “godfather”, a “sponsor”: One needs someone to support economically and help him/her move forward in society.

4. recipient and patron: the person who takes the job, and the person who offers the job opportunity.

5. keep qualifying: to remain in ability to be suited for.

6. move about: to travel from place to place.

193

New Words

1. hop v. 跳过 2. influence n. v. 影响 3. essential a. 必要的4. godfather n. 教父

5. sponsor n. 教父 6. trait n. ( 人的 ) 品质 ;特性7. scholarship n. 学识 ;奖学

金8. initiative n. 主动性9. agreeable a. 令人愉快的

194

10. outgoing a. 外向的11. personality n. 个性 ;性格12. realm n. ( 活动或兴趣 )领域13. inherit v. 继承 ( 财产、头衔 )

14. bestow v. 赠与15. disloyal a. 不忠诚的16. reciprocal a. 互相给予的；互惠的17. loyalty n. 忠诚

195

18. recipient n. 接受者19. patron n. 资助人20. lifelong a. 终生的21. security n. 安全；保障

22. constant a. 不断的；连续发生的23. mobility n. 流动性；机动性24. better v. 改善25. qualify v. （使）具有 / 取得资格

196

26. interchangeability n. 可互换性27. personnel n. （总称）人员；员工28. inhuman a. 无人性的29. challenge n. 激励性的任务；挑战

30. content a. 满意的31. seniority n. 资历；年历32. bounce v. 弹回33. original a. 起初的

197

1. get ahead 领先；出人头地2. on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据3. lead to 导致4. by and large 大体上；总的说来5. move upward 升职；升迁

6. deal with 处理；安排7. be content with 满意8. bring in 引进；引入9. back and forth 来回地

198

Unit Four


seniority a.qualify v.sponsor n.

reciprocal a.bestow v.godfather n.

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%D4%F9%D3%EB&in=11600&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=4&rn=1&di=2623184532&ln=1414

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%D4%F9%D3%EB&in=20385&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=163&rn=1&di=54567044&ln=1414

199

influence n.hop v.essential a.

bounce v.seniority n.original a.

200

disloyal a.loyalty n.better v.

inhuman a.trait n. interchangeability n.

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=trait&in=27136&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=2&rn=1&di=509254652&ln=60

201

original a.constant a.challenge n.

realm n.inherit v.content a.

202

outgoing a.agreeable a.personnel n.

scholarship n.personality n.security n.

203

initiative a. n.personality n.mobility n.

recipient n.

patron n.

lifelong a.

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%D7%CA%D6%FA%C8%CB&in=1043&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=21&rn=1&di=627570052&ln=476

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%D7%CA%D6%FA%C8%CB&in=23699&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=164&rn=1&di=2271003736&ln=476

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%CF%A3%CD%FB%D0%A1%D1%A7&in=24752&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=14&rn=1&di=1433210041&ln=2000

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=%CF%A3%CD%FB%D0%A1%D1%A7&in=10310&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=62&rn=1&di=1847823520&ln=2000

204

New Words

1. hop v. 跳过 2. influence n. v. 影响 3. essential a. 必要的4. godfather n. 教父

5. sponsor n. 教父 6. trait n. ( 人的 ) 品质 ; 特性7. scholarship n. 学识 ;奖学

金8. initiative n. 主动性9. agreeable a. 令人愉快的

205

10. outgoing a. 外向的11. personality n. 个性 ;性格12. realm n. ( 活动或兴趣 )领域13. inherit v. 继承 ( 财产、头衔 )

14. bestow v. 赠与15. disloyal a. 不忠诚的16. reciprocal a. 互相给予的；互惠的17. loyalty n. 忠诚

206

18. recipient n. 接受者19. patron n. 资助人20. lifelong a. 终生的21. security n. 安全；保障

22. constant a. 不断的；连续发生的23. mobility n. 流动性；机动性24. better v. 改善25. qualify v. （使）具有 / 取得资格

207

26. interchangeability n. 可互换性27. personnel n. （总称）人员；员工28. inhuman a. 无人性的29. challenge n. 激励性的任务；挑战

30. content a. 满意的31. seniority n. 资历；年历32. bounce v. 弹回33. original a. 起初的

208

1. get ahead 领先；出人头地2. on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据3. lead to 导致4. by and large 大体上；总的说来5. move upward 升职；升迁

6. deal with 处理；安排7. be content with 满意8. bring in 引进；引入9. back and forth 来回地

209

Examples

1. get ahead: 取得进步，获得成功 e.g. Getting ahead at work is the most important thing to him right

now. She soon found that it wasn’t easy to get ahead in the movie busi

ness.

2. on that base alone: on the basis of 在……的基础上 e.g. The government prohibits discrimination 歧视 on the basis of

race, color, or national origin. We will work hard to build a new international order on the basis o

f the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

3. trait n. 特性 e.g. Does Bryce have any bad traits? It’s human trait to joke about subjects that make us uncomfortable.

210

4. lead to : 导致（无被动形式） e.g. This will lead to trouble in the future.

5. personality n. 人品，人格（品质和性格的总称；包括个性或行为，特别是指确定的人） e.g. Despite their different personalities, they became best friends. A disease may cause changes in behavior and personality.

6. realm n. 界；领域，范围 synonyms: field, sphere e.g. The change in people’s attitudes will slowly move from the realm of theory into the sphere of practice.

7. by and large: 大体上；总的说来 e.g. By and large, your plan is a good one.

211

8. bestow vt. 给予 e.g. bestow something on / upon somebody Honors were bestowed on him by the Queen.

9. disloyal a. 不忠实的；不忠诚的 e.g. Two newspapers have been criticized for disloyal reporting of the war.

10. quit vt. 放弃；抛弃 e.g. I advised them to quit their dissipated (放荡的 ) ways.

212

11. 辨析 recipient, sponsor & patron: recipient n. 接受者，领受人 e.g. They are welfare福利 recipients.

sponsor n. 出资用表演、广播、运动比赛等做广告的节目费用赞助人 ; 出于慈善目的而支持某人完成某行动的赞助人 e.g. The opera house could not survive without commercial sponsors.

patron n. 赞助人；资助人 ; 老顾客 / 主顾 e.g. The shop gives a special offer for our regular patrons. Many artists were dependent on wealthy patrons.

213

12. security n. 保险e.g. Workers want greater job security.

13. mobility n. 人的流动（如从一个社会集团、阶级或阶层移向另一个社会集团、阶级或阶层流动。） e.g. There was downward mobility for Americans as a whole during the Great Depression. 在大萧条时期，美国人总的来说向下层社会阶层流动。

14. better oneself: 自求上进；充实自己 e.g. People considered leisure time to be an opportunity to better oneself through learning, not merely to indulge in沉溺于 fun and games.

214

15. move upward(s) / up: 升职；上涨 e.g. To move up , you’ll need the right training. Share prices 股价 moved up this month.

16. qualify vt. 使…具有资格 e.g. Fluency in three languages qualifies her for work in the European Parliament 议会 .

17. keep qualifying for: 一直具有……资格 keep doing sth.: 继续做下去 e.g. I wish you wouldn’t keep interrupting. Keep going till you reach the traffic lights.

215

18. 辨析 personnel & personal: personal a. 私人的；个人的 e.g. the president’s personal bodyguard personal letter / matter / opinion/ computer

personnel n. 全体人员；员工；全体职员 ; 人事部门 e.g. She is studying personnel management. She works in personnel.

216

19. somebody’s roots: 根，根源 e.g. Alex Haley’s story about his search for his roots became a bestseller.

20. as if: 仿佛；就好象 ; 假定；好象（某事是真的） e.g. I couldn’t move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. He spoke to me as if I were deaf. He shook his head as if to say “don’t trust her”.

21. deal with: 对付；应付；处理 ; 与……做生意 / 交易 e.g. Effective measures have been taken to deal with drug smuggling走私 . I’ve dealt with this store / person / company for 20 years.

217

22. They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about.: About in this sentence means “here and there; in all directions or places ( 到处 )”. e.g. They always go about together. Papers are lying about on the floor.

23. challenge n. 挑战 e.g. The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years.

24. be content with : be happy and satisfied with. 满足于 e.g. We’ll be content with a respectable体面的 result in tomorrow’s match.

218

25. had the best of the man’s thinking: got the best ideas from the man. The best of sth. : 最好的人 ; 最佳之物 e.g. Even the best of us sometimes forgets things. She’s the best of the new young writers.

26. bring in : 引进 ; 获利；赚钱 e.g. They brought experienced people in to help. The sale brought in over ＄ 200.

27. start at a lower salary: In this phrase, “at” shows a price, rate, level, age, speed, etc. 表示价格、比率、水准、年龄、速度等以……；在…… e.g. I saw it at a distance. The temperature stood at 40 degrees.

219

28. bounce v. 弹起 e.g. The kids were bouncing on the sofa.

29. back and forth: 来回地，来来去去地 e.g. We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England. He was pacing back and forth across the room.

220

Exercises

. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions. Ⅰ. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Ⅱ. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings prⅢ

ovided. . Put the following words or expressions from the text in the blankⅣ

s to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the under lined worⅤ

ds with appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given promⅥ

pts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

221

1. What is of great importance in personal progress in many parts of the world?

The key comes from Paragraph 1: Personal influence is almost essential in getting ahead.

2. What does “godfather” mean in paragraph 1? The key comes from Paragraph 1: It means the person who influence other people.

3. What are the traits leading to success in the United States? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Traits which lead to success are generally considered to be t

he willingness to work hard, scholarship or skill, initiative, an agreeable and outgoing personality.

222

4. What do people in some nations think of job-quitting? The key comes from Paragraph 2: In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job .

5. What can be said about the relationship between employer and employee in some countries?

The key comes from Paragraph 2: Deep reciprocal loyalties exist between employee and

employer (“recipient” and “patron” in many cases).

6. What is thought to be part of American mobility? The key comes from Paragraph 3: “Job-hopping” is part of our constant mobility.

223

7. What seems unreasonable to some foreigners but quite OK to Americans?

The key comes from Paragraph 4: This interchangeability of personnel seems unreasonable to

some members of foreign nations.

8. Why do Americans think they are justified in jumping from company to company?

The key comes from Paragraph 3: They consider it a “right” to be able to better themselves, to

move upward, to jump from company to company if they can keep qualifying for more responsible jobs.

224

9. Why do many Americans like to move about? The key comes from Paragraph 4: New jobs present new challenges, new opportunities, new friends, and new experiences—often a new part of the country.

10. Why will a newcomer probably start at a lower salary? The key comes from Paragraph5: A newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will have no seniority.

225

( )1. What is the passage mainly about? a. The way to success in the U.S.A. b. Personal influence in job-hopping. c. How Americans see job-hopping. d. Personal progress and job-hopping.

( )2. What is considered important in personal advancement in America?

a. Mobility. b. Character. c. Personal influence. d. Family background.

226

( )3. Which statement about Americans is NOT true according to the text?

a. Americans prefer “do-it-yourself”. b. Americans like to be on the move. c. Americans admire self-made people. d. Americans consider it dishonorable to job-hop.

( )4. Which of following is NOT the reason why the employer has no objection to job-hopping?

a. A new person may bring in new ideas. b. A newcomer will start at a lower salary. c. The employer can learn who is disloyal to the company. d. The employer has used the employee’s thinking to the full.

227

( )5. What can we infer from this text? a. Americans impress us on the whole as being cold and

deficient in emotional warmth. b. Americans consider it quite acceptable to job-hop for new

challenges and new opportunities. c. You will be labeled as incapable employee if you go back

to work for the original company again. d. Employees are encouraged to jump from company to

company to bring fresh ideas and new skills to their new employers.

Key: c. b. d. c. b

228

1. personality 个性 the whole nature or character of a person2. sponsor 赞助人 a person who takes responsibility for someone or something3. mobility 流动性 the quality of being able to move easily and quickly4. personnel 员工 employee, staff5. original 起初的 first, initial

6. challenge 挑战 a difficult or stimulating task7. bestow 赠与 to present something as a gift8. bounce 弹回 to spring back, move9. outgoing 外向的 friendly and sociable10. reciprocal 互相给予的 ,互惠的 given and received in return; mutual

229

better oneself lead to move upward get ahead on the basis of content with challenge deal with seniority do it yourself

1. Between 1990 and 1992, there were more than 1,000 mergers (两个以上的企业或公司的合并 ) in that industry –all of which ____ job losses.

2. Friends eyed each other all the time, not exactly with envy, but with care to see who_____________ .

3. Overcoming a natural resistance to change is_________ faced by many companies that want to progress.

4. Wilson’s speeches often praise the early immigrants who took risks and endured hardships __________________and their families.

led to

got ahead

a challenge

to better themselves

230

5. Most employers require employees to have a high school diploma or equivalent even when they qualify_____________ experience.

6. Hard working and right training are the necessary factors for clerks______________ .

7. People should be promoted and rewarded on merit, not____________.

on the basis of

to move upward

seniority

231

8. One should know the fact that not everyone has real talent for______________.

9. The best way____________ problems such as these is to respect the experience of the individuals and understand their goals.

10. Some white collars are not_____________ the way they spend their holiday time.

do-it-yourself

to deal with

content with

232

1. One of his qualities is criticizing his wife in public. traits2. I’ve found he’s easiest to get on with among the colleagues. most agreeable3. If I don’t get a pay rise, I’ll leave. quit4. Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the difficult

tasks facing the government. challenges5. He’s never been a friendly and sociable person outgoing type6. Generally speaking, the company’s been doing pretty good

business. By and large

233

1. a. Running your own business usually involves working long hours. v. b. The department store ensures that every situation be solved quickly and easily, with minimal customer involvement. n. c. On-the-job training will involve the manager in learning about managing a local bureau. v.

2. a. He rarely talked about his own work, and was content to listen to the experiences of others’. a. b. After each group guesses the contents of a box, the teacher opens it and shows the contents. n. n. c. The new contents pages provide the details of a project to increase the quantity and range of information. n.

234

3. a. Advances in medical science may make it possible for people to live for 150 years. n. b. I had advanced through the ranks and held a responsible middle-management position. v. c. Admission is free to all ticket holders and there is no need to book in advance. n.

4. a. The book details the history of France from the Renaissance to the present. a. b. We have been presented with a number of plans and will give careful consideration to all of them. v. c. When Jim arrived home from work, Della told him what she had done to buy his birthday present. n.

235

5. a. Everyone was standing around in silence, so I took the initiative and tried to explain why we had come. n. b. Instead of standing there helplessly until the end of the performance, seize the initiative and act quickly. n. c. Faced with serious environmental pollution, a large number of companies have initiated recycling programs. v.

236

Extended ActivitiesC. Practical Reading What Do You Know About Ads? Ad I:Anglo-EUROPEAN PR Company

2.flexible3.well-organized4.energetic

2.arranging meetings, travel and lunches 3.working with executives of major international companies

2.remain cool and calm in a crisis

a top salary

call write

237

What Do You Know About Ads? Ad II: Eaton

administrative assistant

1. a travel coordinator 2. special projects and assignments as directed by managers 3. prepare Power Point documents 4. maintain promotion materials and files

1. English / business administration major or equivalent 2. three years related working experience 3. Professional secretarial skills

2. competitive compensation 3. benefit package

send English and Chinese resumes

238

D. Additional Vocabulary Key to I:.1. actress 2. waitress 3. policewoman 4. stewardess 5. postwoman 6. doctress 7. governess 8. saleswoman 9. manageress 10. conductress 11. sportswoman 12. woman driver 13. workwoman 14. lawyeress 15. woman scientist 16. woman pilot 17. spacewoman 18. businesswoman

Key to II:.1. male model 2. male nurse 3. male typist 4. male secretary 5. male babysitter 6. male kindergartner

239

F. Humor Time Key:1. Typist 2.Grocer 3.Surgeon 4.Tailor

240

Unit Five --- Reading IEating Habit

New Words

Examples

Exercises

Extended Activities

Warm—up

Text

Translation

Notes

241

Text

Changing Life-style and New Eating Habits

1. Americans today have different eating habits than in the past. There is a wide selection 挑选 of food available 可得到的 They have a broader knowledge of nutrition 营养 so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets, snacks点心 , and sodas苏打 .

2. Statistics统计数据 show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American life-styles have changed. They now include growing numbers of people who live alone, single parents and children, and double-income

242

families. These changing life-styles are responsible for 成为…的原因 the increasing number of people who must rush仓促行事 meals or sometimes skip 略过 them altogether. Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence 结果 of this limited time, 60 percent of all American homes now have microwave ovens微波炉 . Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on the average平均数 .

3. It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume消费 . The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the food industry—growers,

243

processors加工商 , marketers, 商人 and restaurateurs餐馆经理 — compile收集 sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating but also tells us about the change in attitudes and tastes. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey火鸡 , and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years. This is probably a result of the awareness知道 of the dangers of eating food which contains high levels of cholesterol胆固醇 , or animal fat脂肪 . Doctors believe that cholesterol is a threat威胁 to human health.

244

4. According to a recent survey, Americans also change their eating patterns to meet the needs of different situations. They have certain ideas about which foods will increase their athletic强壮灵敏的 ability, help them lose weight, make them alert 机警的 for business meetings, or put them in the mood心态 for romance浪漫艳事 . For example, Americans choose pasta 意大利面制品 , fruit, and vegetables, which supply them with carbohydrates碳水化合物 , to give them strength for physical activity, such ,as sports. Adults choose food rich in fiber纤维 , such as bread and cereal谷类 , for breakfast, and salads, for lunch to prepare them for business appointments.

245

For romantic dinners, however, Americans choose shrimp 小虾 and lobster龙虾 . While many of these ideas are based on nutritional facts, some are not.

5. Americans’ awareness of nutrition, along with their changing tastes and needs, leads them to consume a wide variety of foods—foods for health, for fun, and simply for good taste.

246

译文 :

改变生活方式与新的饮食习惯

1 与过去相比，今天的美国人有不同的饮食习惯。有广泛的食品供他们选择。他们有更丰富的营养知识，使他们比以往任何时候都更多地购买新鲜水果和蔬菜。同时，美国人购买甜食、点心和汽水的数量越来越多。

2 统计数字显示，人民生活的方式决定他们的饮食方式。美国人的生活方式已发生了变化。现在他们中包括越来越多的独居人，单亲父母和儿童，以及双收入家庭。这些生活方式的变化是那些匆忙吃饭或少吃一顿的人的数量增加的原因。美国人比过去花在做饭上的时间更少了。这个结果的部分原因是时间有限， 60 ％的美国家庭现在都有微波炉。此外，一般而言，美国人几乎每星期 4 次外出吃饭。

247

3 研究人们消费食物的数量和种类是很容易的。美国农业部门和食品工业 ---种植者、加工者、营销者和餐厅经营者 --- 都收集销售统计并保持准确记录。这些信息不仅告诉我们人们吃什么，而且也告诉我们饮食态度和口味的变化。过去桌上最热门的红肉，已不再是美国人的最爱。取而代之，鸡、火鸡和鱼已更受欢迎。最近几年，这些食品的出售已大大增加。这可能是因为人们意识到吃含有高胆固醇或动物脂肪的食品的危险性。医生认为，胆固醇对人类健康是一种威胁。

4 最近的调查显示，美国人还改变他们的饮食模式，来满足不同的情况需要。他们有一定的想法，知道哪些食品会增加他们的运动能力、帮助他们减肥、使他们在商务会议上保持机

248

警或使他们拥有的浪漫心情。例如，美国人选择面食、水果和蔬菜，供给他们碳水化合物，增强力量做体力活动，例如体育运动。成年人选择富含纤维的食品，如面包和谷类来当早餐，午餐吃沙拉来为工作约会做好准备。而在浪漫晚餐时，美国人选择吃小虾和龙虾。这些想法很多是基于营养知识，有些则不是。

5 美国人的营养意识，伴随他们不断变化的口味和需求，导致他们消费各种各样的食品 --- 为了健康、娱乐休闲或仅仅只是为了好口味。

译者：周荆洪

249

Warm--up

I. Brainstorming: Discuss about what you eat according to the food kinds given.1. Meat and Seafood:

pork 猪肉 , lamb羊肉 , beef 牛肉 , steak 牛排 ,

chicken 鸡肉 , turkey火鸡 , ham火腿 , bacon 咸肉 ,

sausage 香肠 , rib 肋骨 , shrimp 虾 , lobster 龙虾 ,

lamb

羊肉

bacon

咸肉

ham

火腿

What’s it?

steak

牛排

turkey

火鸡

250

prawn 明虾 , oyster 蚝 , 牡犡 , crab 蟹， eel 鳝鱼 ,

hairtail 带鱼 , weaver 鲈鱼 , cod 鳕鱼 , carp 鲤鱼 ,

octopus 鱆鱼 , salmon三文鱼 / 鲑鱼 , fish 鱼 ,

squid 乌贼 , mussel 贻贝 , sea cucumber 海参 , .

sea cucumber

海参salmon

三文鱼 / 鲑鱼

carp

鲤鱼

hairtail

带鱼

What’s it?

251

oyster蚝 , 牡犡

prawn shrimp虾

lobster crab蟹明虾龙虾

What’s it?

weaver 鲈鱼

eel 鳝鱼

cod鳕鱼

252

1 似鬼的

2 被啃

3 打开显肌肉muscle

4 我可特怕死

5 跳龙门 ---咔噗、咔噗

6 双会：说 ,say, 记！

bacon 咸肉

squid 乌贼

mussel 贻贝

octopus 鱆鱼

carp 鲤鱼

sausage 香肠

What word can be associated with the imformation?

http://images.google.cn/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Haeckel_Gamochonia.jpg&imgrefurl=http://jollybighead2.pixnet.net/blog/post/16747055&usg=__k48Ys0sw1FoQEE-UCN2m3guuT0I=&h=3321&w=2373&sz=1473&hl=zh-CN&start=8&um=1&tbnid=jRfBUqG6Nwzb8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25E4%25B9%258C%25E8%25B4%25BC%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26sa%3DX%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

http://images.google.cn/imgres?imgurl=http://images.nciku.com/sourcing_images/2/2298_getty_.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nciku.com/search/en/%25E9%25B2%25A4%25E9%25B1%25BC&usg=__k-tB4FRC1u7I7xdSNpW_PLER6Bw=&h=440&w=360&sz=36&hl=zh-CN&start=2&um=1&tbnid=WnwThaNj7BYHjM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcarp%2B%25E9%25B2%25A4%25E9%25B1%25BC%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1%26newwindow%3D1

253

牛排 , 蟹，鳝 , 带鱼 , 龙虾 , 鲈鱼 , 鳕鱼 ,

鱆鱼 , 乌贼 , 鲤鱼 , 贻贝 , 海参 , 三文鱼 /鲑鱼 ,

肋骨 , 猪肉 , 羊肉 , 牛肉 , 鸡肉 , 火腿 , 火鸡 ,

虾 , 明虾 , 蚝 , 牡犡 , 香肠 , 咸肉 , < 。 )#))) ≦

steak, crab, eel, hairtail, lobster, weaver, cod

octopus, squid, carp, mussel, sea cucumber, salmon,

rib, pork, lamb, beef, chicken, ham, turkey,

shrimp, prawn, oyster, sausage, bacon ， fish.

Sum up: Please translate into English!

1. Meat and Seafood:

254

2. Vegetable:

green pepper 青椒 , onion 洋葱 , tomato 番茄 ,

potato 土豆 , garlic 大蒜 , chive 细香葱 ,

cucumber 黄瓜 , melon 瓜 ,甜瓜 , turnip 萝卜 ,

carrot 胡萝卜 , radish 小萝卜 , eggplant茄子 ,

radish

小萝卜

turnip萝卜

carrot

胡萝卜

What’s it?

255

onion 洋葱

garlic 大蒜

chive

细香葱melon 瓜 ,甜瓜

potato

土豆

tomato

番茄

green pepper

青椒

eggplant

茄子

cucumber 黄瓜

256

mushroom 蘑菇 , celery 芹菜 , leek 韭菜 ,

lettuce 莴苣 ,生菜 , spinach 菠菜 , cabbage 卷心菜 ,

pumpkin 南瓜 , cauliflower 花椰菜， vegetable marrow 西葫芦 ,

broad bean 蚕豆， lentil 扁豆 , pea 豆。

cabbage 卷心菜

cauliflower

花椰菜

Mushroom Rock

What’s it?

257

celery

leek

lettuce

spinach

258

pumpkin

南瓜

lentil

扁豆

broad bean

蚕豆

vegetable marrow

西葫芦

pea

豆

259

2. Vegetable:

青椒 , 洋葱 , 番茄 , 土豆 , 大蒜 , 细香葱 ,

黄瓜 , 瓜 ,甜瓜 , 萝卜 , 小萝卜 , 胡萝卜 , 茄子 ,

Sum up: Please translate into English!

蘑菇 , 芹菜 , 韭菜 , 菠菜 , 卷心菜 , 莴苣 ,生菜 ,

花椰菜，南瓜 , 西葫芦 , 蚕豆，扁豆 , 豆。

green pepper ， onion ， tomato ， potato ， garlic, chive ，

cucumber, melon, turnip, radish, carrot, eggplant,

mushroom ， celery ， leek ， spinach ， cabbage ， lettuce ，

cauliflower ， pumpkin ， vegetable marrow ， broad bean ， lentil ， pea 。

260

3. Fruit:

banana 香蕉 , apple 苹果 , tangerine 橘子 ,

pear 梨子 , orange 橙子 , peach 桃子 ,

plum 李子 , apricot 杏子 , strawberry 草莓 ,

pineapple 菠萝 , cherry 樱桃 , grape 葡萄 ,

261

tangerine

橘子

orange

橙子

plum

李子apricot

杏子

peach

桃子

pear

梨子

apple

苹果

strawberry

pineapple

菠萝banana

香蕉草莓

cherry

樱桃

grape

葡萄

262

persimmon 柿子 , date 枣子 , coconut 椰子 ,

pomelo 柚子， mango 芒果 , lemon 柠檬 ,

nectarine 油桃 , mulberry 桑椹 , loquat 枇杷 ,

pomegranate 石榴， fig 无花果 , watermelon 西瓜 .

263

persimmon

date

coconut

pomelo

mango

lemon 柿子

枣子

椰子

柚子

芒果

柠檬

264

油桃桑椹

枇杷石榴

无花果西瓜

nectarine

mulberry

loquat

pomegranate

fig watermelon

265

3. Fruit:

banana, apple, tangerine, pear, orange, peach

plum, apricot, strawberry, pineapple, cherry, grape,

Sum up: Please translate into Chinese!

persimmon, date, coconut, pomelo, mango, lemon, fig ,

nectarine, mulberry, loquat, pomegranate, watermelon.

香蕉 , 苹果 , 橘子 , 梨子 , 橙子 , 桃子 ,

李子 , 杏子 , 草莓 , 菠萝 , 樱桃 , 葡萄 ,

柿子 , 枣子 , 椰子 , 柚子，芒果 , 柠檬 , 无花果 ,

油桃 , 桑椹 , 枇杷 , 石榴，西瓜 .

266

4. Dessert 甜点 \ 水果 and Refreshment 茶点 :

doughnut 油炸圈饼 , loaf 大块面包 , toast 吐司 ,

sandwich 三明治 , cream cake 奶油蛋糕 , hotdog 热狗 ,

bun 水晶包 , dumpling 饺子 , ice-cream 冰淇淋 ,

pancake 薄煎饼 , pastry 面粉制的糕点 , hamburger 汉堡包 ,

loaf

大块面包

toast

吐司

cream cake

奶油蛋糕

bun

水晶包

dumpling

饺子

pancake

薄煎饼

What’s it?

267

biscuits / crackers / cookies 饼干 , rice pudding 八宝饭 , pie 馅饼，

pasta 意大利面 , spaghetti 意大利粉 , tart 蛋挞 ,果馅饼 ,

pudding 水果布丁 , jelly 水果冻 , candy, sweet 糖果。

意大利面意大利粉水果冻

蛋挞 ,果馅饼 jelly spaghetti

pasta tart

rice pudding 八宝饭

What’s it?pie

馅饼

268

pudding

水果布丁

biscuits,

crackers,

cookies

饼干

sandwich 三明治

ice-cream冰淇淋

hamburger汉堡包

candy, sweet

糖果

hotdog

热狗doughnut

油炸圈饼

269

4. Dessert 甜点 \ 水果 and Refreshment 茶点 :

油炸圈饼 , 大块面包 , 吐司 , 三明治 , 奶油蛋糕 , 热狗 ,

水晶包 , 饺子 , 冰淇淋 , 薄煎饼 , 面粉制的糕点 , 汉堡包 ,

biscuits / crackers / cookies, rice pudding, pie, pasta,

spaghetti, tart, pudding, jelly, candy, sweet.

Please translate into English!

Please translate into Chinese!

doughnut, loaf, toast, sandwich, cream cake, hotdog,

bun, dumpling, ice-cream, pancake, pastry, hamburger,

饼干 , 饼干 , 饼干 , 八宝饭 , 馅饼，意大利面 ,

Sum up!

意大利粉 , 蛋挞 ,果馅饼 , 水果布丁 , 水果冻 , 糖果 , 糖果。

270

2. Ways of cooking:

fry 炸，煎 , fried rice 炒饭 , fried eggs 煎蛋 ;

boil 煮 , boiled eggs 煮鸡蛋 ;

scramble炒 , scrambled eggs 炒蛋 ;

roast 烤 , roast chicken 烤鸡，roast beef 烤牛肉， roast potato 烤土豆 ;

bake 烤 , baked potato in their jackets/ skin 连皮烤的土豆；

mash 捣成泥状 , mashed potatoes 土豆泥 ;

steam 蒸， steamed rice 蒸饭 .

271

3. Pairwork:

1) What kinds of food do you like best? 2) What do you think are good or bad eating habits? And how about your own eating habits? 3) How do you like the idea of being a vegetarian? 4) Are the Chinese life-styles changing? If any, in what way? 5) How do you think a person’s life-style affects his or her eating habits?

272

Notes

1. single parent: a parent bringing up a child/children on his/her own.

2. rush meals or sometimes skip them altogether: to finish meals fast and hastily, and sometimes even fail to have a meal.

3. red meat: pork and beef are often referred to as red meat; chicken and fish are considered as white meat.

4. eating patterns: recognizable ways of eating.

5. pasta: Italian noodles, such as macaroni ( 通心粉 ), spaghetti (细面条 ),and ravioli (方形饺 ).

273

New Words

1. selection n. 挑选 2. available a. 可得到的3. nutrition n. 营养 nutritious a. 有营养的4. snack n. 小吃；点心5. soda n. 汽水

6. statistics n. 统计数据7. rush v. 仓促行事8. skip v. 略过9. consequence n. 结果10. microwave n. 微波

274

11. oven n. 烤炉12. average n. 平均数13. consume v. 消费14. processor n. （食品）加工商15. marketer n. 商人或商号

16. restaurateur n. 餐馆经理或老板17. compile v. 收集；汇编18. turkey n. 火鸡19. awareness n. 知道20. cholesterol n. 胆固醇

275

21. fat n. 脂肪22. athletic a. 强壮灵敏的23. alert a. 机警的24. romance n. 浪漫艳事25. pasta n. 意大利面制品

26. carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物27. fiber n. 纤维28. cereal n. 谷类29. shrimp n. 小虾30. lobster n. 龙虾

276

1. be responsible for 成为……的原因2. on (the ) average 平均3. be a threat to 对……具有威胁4. in a …/ the mood 处于某种心态

277

Unit Five


microwave n. oven n. available a.

carbohydrate n.turkey n.rush v.

278

cholesterol n.romance n.cereal n.

compile v.awareness n.soda n.

279

alert a.selection n.rush v.

average n.athletic a.shrimp n.

280

marketer n.fiber n.average n.

processor n. consume v.consequence n.

281

statistics n.skip v.nutrition n.

fat n.pasta n.cholesterol n.

282

restaurateur n.snack n.cholesterol n.lobster n.

283

New Words

1. selection n. 挑选 2. available a. 可得到的3. nutrition n. 营养 nutritious a. 有营养的4. snack n. 小吃；点心5. soda n. 汽水

6. statistics n. 统计数据7. rush v. 仓促行事8. skip v. 略过9. consequence n. 结果10. microwave n. 微波

284

11. oven n. 烤炉12. average n. 平均数13. consume v. 消费14. processor n. （食品）加工商15. marketer n. 商人或商号

16. restaurateur n. 餐馆经理或老板17. compile v. 收集；汇编18. turkey n. 火鸡19. awareness n. 知道20. cholesterol n. 胆固醇

285

21. fat n. 脂肪22. athletic a. 强壮灵敏的23. alert a. 机警的24. romance n. 浪漫艳事25. pasta n. 意大利面制品

26. carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物27. fiber n. 纤维28. cereal n. 谷类29. shrimp n. 小虾30. lobster n. 龙虾

286

1. be responsible for 成为……的原因2. on (the ) average 平均3. be a threat to 对……具有威胁4. in a …/the mood 处于某种心态

287

Examples

1. selection 1) n. ( 一般用单数 ) 供挑选或选购的同类物品 e.g. The shop has a fine selection of cheeses.

2) n. 挑选；选择；选拔 e.g. His selection as a presidential candidate was quite une

xpected.

natural selection 物竞天择

selective a. 精挑细选的 e.g. He’s very selective when he buys his suits.

288

3. available a. 可获得的 ; 可用的 ; 可看见的 e.g. Those shoes are not available in your size. We want to make our products available to a wider market.

availability n.

4. nutrition n. 营养；滋养；营养物 e.g. Good nutrition is essential for good health.

the science of nutrition 营养学 fat 脂肪 protein 蛋白质 fiber 纤维 vitamins 维生素 carbohydrate 碳水化合物

nutritious a. 有营养的；营养价值高的

289

5. 辨析 purchase & buy purchase (较正规 , 多用于语书面语 ) buy (常用于口语和书面语 )

buy sb. sth. buy sth. for buy sth. from sth. / sb. buy (sb.) off 买通；用钱疏通 a good / bad buy 合算 / 不合算的买卖 e.g. That dress was a bad buy----I’ve only worn it once. It’s a good buy at that price!

buyer’s market: 买方市场 antonym: seller’s market purchasing power 购买力 make a purchase　购买

290

6. 辨析 quantities of & numbers of : The former can be followed by either countable or uncountable nouns while the latter can only be followed by countable nouns. e.g. Quantities of food were spread out on the table. Quantities of / Large numbers of vehicles had to be abandoned放弃 because of the heavy snow.

7. soda n. (C / U) 苏打水；碳酸饮料（＝ soda water ） e.g. a can of orange soda Two whiskeys and sodas, please.

8.single parent: 单亲

9. double-income families: a family in which the husband and wife both earn wages.

291

10. responsible for: 为……负责 ; 成为……的原因 e.g. The floods were responsible for the deaths of over a hundred people.

11. skip v. 不出席；不参加；故意错过 e.g. I’m going to skip lunch today.

12. Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food: Here in this sentence, the word “ever” means “always”. e.g. He came here for a holiday several years ago and he’s lived there ever since. I will love you for ever.

292

13. 辨析 consequence & result: “result” is the most frequently used word. It can be preceded by either “good” or “bad” . “consequence” usually means a “bad result”. e.g. You made the wrong decision, and now you must take the consequences (承担后果 ).

14. eat out: dine out

15. on ( the ) average: 平均 e.g. We receive 20 letters a day on (the ) average. above / below average ( 在平均水平以上／以下 ) e.g. His school work is well above/ below average.

16. consume 1) vt. 大吃；大喝 e.g. He’s able to consume large quantities of food.

293

2) vt. 消耗；消费；消尽 consumer 消费者 consumer durable 耐用消费品 consumer society 消费社会 consumerism 消费主义

17. compile vt. 编撰；编辑；编制；汇编 e.g. It takes years of work to compile a dictionary. compilation n. 汇编；编撰；编辑 compiler n. 汇编者；编撰者

18. 辨析 used to & be used to : e.g. He used to swim in that river. Mobile telephone, which used to be a symbol for rich people, is no longer a sign of wealth. I’m used to the noise. I’m not used to getting up so early.

294

19. threat n. 威胁；恐吓 be / pose a threat to : 是／构成对……的威胁 e.g. The existence of mass destructive 毁灭性的 weapons poses a grave严重的 threat to world peace. empty threat: 虚张声势的威胁 under the threat of : 在……的威胁之下 e.g. I obeyed his orders, but only under threat of punishment.

20. in a / the …(a.) mood for: 有……的心情 e.g. The management is in no mood for compromise 和解、妥协、折衷 over this issue. I’m very tired and not in the mood to argue.

in a good / bad mood 心情好／坏 e.g. The boss is in a good / bad mood today.

295

21. rich in : 富含……的 e.g. This is a city rich in ancient buildings.

22. cereal 1) n. ( 经加工的 )谷类食品（尤指早餐时吃的如玉米片等） 2) n. 谷类植物；谷物

23.while…(clause for contrast 对比 ): the “while ” clause is always used for contrast. When used this way, it means “but” or “whereas”. e.g. Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.

24. awareness n. 意识 e.g. Health officials have tried to raise awareness about AIDS.

296

25. variety n. If a group of things has variety, the things are different from each other in quality or type, so that the group is interesting or offers people a wide choice. e.g. She didn’t like the work because it lacked variety.

“A variety of “ or “varieties of ” means “different kinds of ”. 各式各样的；种种的

e.g. many varieties of whisky varieties of trees Dolphins produce a great variety of noises. The college library has a wide variety of books. This shirt is available in a wide variety of colors.

297

Exercises

.Ⅰ Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions.. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Ⅱ. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings providⅢ

ed.. Put the following words or expressions from the text in the blanks to Ⅳ

complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words witⅤ

h appropriate words or phrases from the text.. Word study: For each of the following clues. Use the given prompts tⅥ

o produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

298

1. Why do Americans have different eating habits today? The key comes from Paragraph 1: Wide selection, broad knowledge of nutrition, buying more

fresh fruit and vegetables, purchasing more sweets, snacks, and sodas.

2. How have American life-style changed? Give some examples.

The key comes from Paragraph 2: More people who live alone, single parents and children,

and double- income families.

3. How do these changing life-styles affect the way they eat? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Having to rush meals or skipping them, less time to prepare

food.

299

4. Why are microwave ovens so popular in American families? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Saving time and convenience by using microwave ovens.

5. How often do Americans dine out per week? The key comes from Paragraph 2: Eating out about four times a week.

6. Why do Americans find it not difficult to get information about their food?

The key comes from Paragraph 3: Because the USDA and the food industry compile sales

statistics and keep accurate records.

300

7. Who provides American consumers with food information? The key comes from Paragraph 3: The United States Department of Agriculture and the some p

eople working in food industry.

8. Who are engaged in the food industry? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Growers, processors, marketers and restaurateurs.

9. What accounts for red meat’s being in disfavor today? The key comes from Paragraph 3: Probably a result of the awareness of the dangers of eating f

ood which contains high levels of cholesterol, or animal fat.

301

10. What is the danger of cholesterol? And how does it change people’s eating habits?

The key comes from Paragraph 3: Doctors believe that cholesterol is a threat to human health. I

t can cause some problems of blood and heart, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, cerebral thrombosis. So red meat is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.

11. What does a recent survey reveal? The key comes from Paragraph 4: Americans also change their patterns to meet the needs of di

fferent situations.

302

12. What leads Americans to consume a wide variety of foods?

The key comes from Paragraph 5: Americans’ awareness of nutrition, along with their cha

nging tastes and needs, leads them to consume a wide variety of foods—foods for health, for fun, and simply for good taste.

303

( )1. The main idea of the text is________. a. Americans now consume a wider variety of foods b. Americans’ eating habits have changed because of

changing life-styles c. Americans have a greater awareness of nutrition now

than they did years ago d. Americans have less time than before to prepare meals

( )2. In paragraph 2. “a double--income family” means________.

a. a family that makes twice as much money as another family

b. a family where a parent has two jobs c. a family where both parents have jobs d. a family that spends twice as much as it earns

304

( )3. According to a recent survey,____. a. Americans prefer foods rich in vitamins b. Americans prefer foods rich in fiber c. Americans eat different foods to be healthy d. Americans eat different foods for different purposes

( )4. Americans prefer __________for romantic dinners. a. bread and cereal b. lobster and shrimp c. salad and dessert d. fruit and vegetable

305

( )5. According to the text, we can conclude that ________is true.

a. Americans do not eat many sweets nowadays. b. Americans are very particular about what they eat c. Americans eat the same way they did in the past d. Americans eat out more frequently now than before

Key: b. c. d. b. d

306

1. consequence 后果 a thing that is a result of something else2. statistics 统计数据 the collection of information shown in numbers

3. restaurateur 餐馆老板 an owner of a restaurant4. processor加工商 a person whose business is to prepare food for sale

5. marketer 商人 , 商号 businessman or a firm that sells something in a market

6. athletic 强壮灵敏的 physically strong and active

7. nutrition 营养 food needed for life 8. single—parent 单亲 a parent bringing up children on his/her own

9. awareness 意识 knowledge or realization10. compile汇编，编辑 to collect information and arrange it in writing

307

alert consume skip awareness compile in the mood variety favorite survey eat out

1. Children like to eat a ____________of food in their diet, for example, for breakfast they like to choose among cereal, pancakes, doughnuts(炸甜圈 ) or eggs and toast.

2. If you do not understand one part of the test, you can____________ to the next part and go back to the difficult part later.

3. I don’t want to talk about it now. I’m not ____________for a joke.

4. Dean and Jenny are going to ____________a list of all the places they want to visit on their next trip across the country.

variety

skip

in the mood

compile

308

5. I like all kinds of cakes, cookies, and ice cream, but my _________dessert is chocolate ice cream.

6. The college cafeteria(食堂 ) manager is going to conduct a_________ of the students to help her decide which foods students prefer.

7. Small children have very little __________of the dangers of running into the street.

8. If you_________ regularly, you definitely should take an active interest in eating better restaurant food.

9. Many students drink large quantities of coffee to keep them _______while they are studying for an important exam.

10.There is a growing gap between what the country produces and what it__________.

favorite

survey

awareness

eat out

alert

consumes

309

1. The employees are encouraged to buy shares of their own company.

purchase2. He inherited something from his father, but he soon

used up his fortune. consumed3. She does exercise every day so she looks very

strong and healthy. athletic4. Although he is over eighty his mind is still remarkably

quick. alert5. Generally I work ten hours a day. On the average6. Smoking is the cause of many cases of lung cancer. responsible for

310

1. a. She decided to become an actress after getting her first taste of fame in a local theatre. n.

b. I ordered chocolate ice cream, but this tastes of coffee. v.

c. I an successful because I have the ability to make things taste and look good.

v.2. a. I have forgotten my wallet in the usually Monday

morning rush. n. b. Joan’s train was scheduled to leave at 6 p.m., but

it was 5:50, so she had to rush in order not to miss her train. v.

c. Dan was rushed to hospital with serious head injuries after a traffic accident. v.

311

3. a. A list of addresses of suppliers should be contained in all computer manuals. v. b. The film was banned because it contained a number of extremely violent scenes. v. c. Sunken waste containers could pose a serious threat over time as they begin to leak. n.

4. a. Better to lose face and be open about not understanding the message, than to lose sleep at night over it. v. v. b. The company reported losses of 82 million for the third quarter. n. c. We are at a loss as to how he came into the empty house. n.

312

5. a. People interested in temporary working are more likely to choose to be agency worker ( 代理人员 ) rather than direct employees. v. b. She wanted men to believe that she was choosy about clothes. a. c. All you have to do is to choose the date you want to go on holiday and decide on the destination. v. d. It was difficult choice, but we finally decide that Hannah should have the prize. n.

313

Extended Activities

B. Function and Structure : Order a meal Key:1. show me the menu Here’s the menu I’d like a cup of I’ll try

2. I’ll have I’ll order How would you like it done

314

3. You order first Order anything you like leave the choice to you Let us have It sounds good

4. Could we see the menu What’s special you’d like it’s not too much trouble Would you like it

315

C. Practical Reading: menu Key: 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. a

316

D. Additional Vocabulary Key toⅠ:1-19; 2-18; 3-29; 4-5; 5-6;

6-23; 7-25; 8-24; 9-7; 10-17;

11-30; 12-13; 13-22; 14-28; 15-14;

16-20; 17-16; 18-12; 19-11; 20-10;

21-15; 22-1; 23-2; 24-26; 25-3;

26-27; 27-4; 28-8; 29-9; 30-21

317

1.delicious 19.美味的 2.tasteless 18.无味的3.greasy 29.油腻的 4.rich 5.重油的5.light 6.清淡的 6.stale 23. 不新鲜的7.juicy 25.多汁的 8.watery 24.乏味的9.tender 7.嫩的 10.overdone 17.太咸的11.fresh 30. 新鲜的 12.spicy 13.辣的13.medium 22.半熟的 14.savory 28. 咸的15.raw 14.生的 16.appetizing 20. 开胃的

17.underdone 16. 煮得太烂的 18.hot 12.辣的19.bitter 11.苦的 20.salty 10.太咸的21.well-done 15.煮得透的 22.fragrant 1.香的23.soft 2.软的 24.nutritious 26. 有营养的25.hard 3.硬的 26. rare 27.三分熟的27.tough 4.太老的 28.sweet 8.甜的29.sour 9.酸的 30.tasteless 21淡而无味的

318

补充词汇：

烹饪艺术 / 菜肴、食谱；日常饮食 /节食，成分、发酵粉面粉、淀粉、cuisine, recipes; diet, ingredients, yeast flour, starch,

调味品、spices / flavoring condiment / seasoning condiment,

黄油、辣酱、果酱、面酱、番茄酱、花生酱、豆瓣酱、butter, chili sauce, jam, flour paste, tomato sauce, peanut sauce, bean paste,

糖、醋、酱油、胡椒粉、生姜、盐、味精、sugar, vinegar, soy sauce, pepper, ginger, salt, MSG / gourmet powder,

薄荷、调味汁、芥末、茴香、桂皮、大蒜、香菜、洋葱、mint, sauce, mustard, aniseed, cinnamon, garlic, parsley, onion,

319

咖哩粉、芝麻油、蚝油、食用油、色拉油、辣油、干辣椒；curry powder, sesame oil, oyster sauce, cooking oil, salad oil, hot oil, chilli;

饮料、矿泉水、橘子汁、啤酒、酸奶、白葡萄酒、红葡萄酒、drink , mineral water, orange juice, beer, yogurt ， white wine, red wine,

鸡尾酒、白酒、料酒、高粱酒、五加皮、伏特酒、cocktails, liquor, cooking wine, Kaoliang spirit, Wu Chia pee, vodka,

威士忌、白兰地、松子酒。whiskey, brandy, gin.

酸、甜、苦、辣、咸；红烧、煨、炖 / 焖sour / acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty; braise, simmer, stew;

条、片、块 /丁、丸、沫。糖醋、脆嫩 stripes, slices, cubes, balls, minced; sweet and sour; crisp and tender

320

Key to Ⅱ:

1-3; 2-14; 3-1; 4-7; 5-8;

6-6; 7-9; 8-15; 9-2; 10-4;

11-10; 12-12; 13-5; 14-13; 15-11

321

1 Essentials of Business

2 Marketing 3 Career

4 Jobs and Occupations

5 Eating Habits

Have a nice day!

322

湖北三峡职业技术学院教学课件《新编商务英语精读》第一册

主编 : 周荆洪副主编 : 邹丽杨玉华

teaching courseware: new business english intensive reading book one a

Documents