TBI. (Chapter 13 to you

bums)By The Amazing Jennifer Maki and the Outstanding Samantha Loeks!!!

What is TBI?!TBI stands for traumatic brain injurySpecifically…1. Injury to brain by External force2. Not caused by degenerative or

congenital condition3. Diminished or altered state of

consciousness4. Neurological or neurobehavioral

dysfunction result from injury (followed by impairments in school

learning and everyday functioning)

More stuff…Occurs after a period of normal

neurological development One of the most common injuries

in soldiers of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars

Typically influences several academic areas simultaneously

If you want to get technical… IDEA says… “ an acquired injury to the brain caused by an

external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech. The term does not apply to injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or brain injuries induced by birth trauma.”

TBI Student ScheduleDate: 3/27/01 Morning ScheduleTime: Event: To do:7:30-8:00: Prepare for school (shower,get dressed, eat breakfast)8:15: Catch bus to school Don’t forget to take lunchand backpack!8:45: First period: English class— Need to turn in

homeworkRoom 201 Mrs. Wilson assignment. Exercises onpages 317-320.10:00: Second period: Phys Ed.— Need to bring

tennis shoesgymnasium Mr. Hall and extra socks11:15: Third period: Math—Room 315 Need to turn

in homeworkMrs. Taylor assignment on page 150.Ask for help with problem 21.12:30 Lunch

What causes TBI?!2 types of head injury1. Open- penetrating head wounds

from something like a gunshot or car accident

2. Closed- internal compression, etc.

What is TBI not?Degenerative or congenital

conditions ◦Degenerative: long term, slow

deterioration of cells, organs, muscles, etc…

◦Congenital: condition occurring before birth

Injuries induced during birth

What does this look like?!Diminished or altered state of

consciousnessNeurological or Neurobehavioral

problems◦Can be total or partial disability or

psychosocial impairment

More specifically, TBI effects areas of…Cognition, language, memory,

attention, reasoningAbstract thinking, judgment,

problem solvingSensory, perceptual, and motor

abilitiesInformation processing, speech,

and physical functions

Complications…Problems with:

◦Remembering things◦Learning new information◦Sequencing and processing

information◦Manners and social behaviors

(humor)◦Mood swings◦Depression◦Progressing at a consistent rate

How often do we see TBI?!Well… we aren’t so sure“Hidden disability” or “Silent epidemic”Every year about .5% school age

children acquire a TBI, by graduation 4% of students may have one.

15,000-20,000 of those who receive these injuries will have lasting effects

Males more prone than females.. Stop showing off!

Frequently preventable

What can we do to help these people?!Family, peers, and educators need to be

prepared to deal with the sometimes dramatic behavioral changes. Kids sometimes don’t realize their behavior has changed.

Team approach between parents, special educators, guidance counselor, regular teacher, etc.

Help students solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention, remembering previous info, dealing with fatigue, engaging in appropriate social behavior.

Hmmm….http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=O2wlcVm5mZM

IEP…?To decide whether a student needs

Special Education, the school talks to the parents, examines medical records, conducts a psychological assessment, and much more

It is important that records be kept both pre- and post injury performance

Changes must last more than 60 days

More IEP thingsAn IEP for a student with TBI usually

needs to involve cognitive, social/behavior, and sensorimotor domains.

Example…

http://www.tbied.org/tbi-support/iep-main/sample-iep-goals/

Students with TBI on IEP need to be continually reassessed

If they do not qualify for an IEP, a 504 plan may be instituted

Learning Strategies……Collaboration key!

◦Work with teachers, aides, parents, student, doctors

◦Diverse challenges and ranges of disabilities

◦More people, more problem solving ideas

◦Pinpoint problems before they appear for the student

Problem Solving Questions

Questions continued

Did the plan work?

Learning Strategies again!Tape recorder, planner,

organization devices, memory aids

Longer response timeDistractions to a minimumInstruction focusing on social

aspects of languagePraise and encouragementConsistency and predictability

Get on your Teacher Caps!Scenario: Julia in your class just

got back after a month long absence. While skiing with her family, she careened off a slope hitting her head causing severe brain damage. She is experience severe short term memory loss because of the accident. What can you do to help Julia?

Remember the Q’sIs there a problem?*What is the problem?*How can the problem be solved?Which solution sounds best*Which solution should be

selected?*How to implement the solution?*Did it work?

How do we assess the kiddies?!Keep in mind individual studentsHard to separate physiological

causes for difficulty with task and from another cause

Pinpoint student’s academic and social levels◦Team approach vital

In the ClassroomBreak down large assignments

into manageable, specific partsRepetition key, especially key

pointsOpen ended, multiple choice

questions good- independent thinking

Use of illustrations and diagrams for harder material

Begin class with review, end with class with overview

What you can do!Strap the kiddies into the car

seats

Use common sense

Sources Daniel P.Hallahan - James M.Kauffman - Paige C.Pullen

- Pearson - Boston – 2009 "Guide to Special Education Services." TBI Educator -

Brain Injury Education Resources. Teaching Research Institute, 2008. Web. 08 Apr. 2010. <http://www.tbied.org/>.\

Marcus-Keyser, Lori; Briel, Lori; Targett-Sharon,Pam. Enhancing the Schooling of Students with Traumatic Brain Injury. Teaching Exceptional Children. March/April 2002. 4 April 2010. http://www.sbac.edu/~werned/DATA/RESEARCH/journals/Teaching%20Exceptional%20Children%20JOURNAL/TBI.pdf

The Patient Education Institutes. Causes and Effects of TBI. Medline Plus. 5 May 2006. 4 April 2010.◦ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/traum

aticbraininjury/htm/_yes_50_no_0.htm