Assignment front sheet

Qualification Unit number and title

Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Public

Services Unit 8: Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour

Student name Assessor name

John Dunphy Antonia Cartwright

Date issued Completion date Submitted on

Task one: 09/11/13

Task two: 29/11/13

Task three: 10/01/13

Task one: 29/11/13

Task two: 10/01/14

Task three: 31/01/14

Assignment title Psychology and Criminal Behaviour

Learning

Outcome

Learning

Outcome

Assessment

Criteria

In this assessment you will have the

opportunity to present evidence that

shows you are able to:

Task

no.

Evidence

(Page no)

LO1

Understand

different

approaches to

psychology.

1.1 Review major approaches to psychology. 1

1.2

Evaluate key personality theories. 1

LO2

Understand

how

psychology can

be used to

benefit the

individual and

the

organisation.

2.1 Analyse how knowledge of psychology can

benefit individuals. 2

2.2 Explain how knowledge of behaviour

theories can support organisations. 2

2.3

Evaluate approaches to conflict

management. 2

LO3

Understand

the causes and

consequences

of prejudice

and

discrimination.

3.1 Explain the origins of prejudice and

discrimination. 3

3.2 Evaluate the consequences of

discrimination and prejudice on individuals

and organisations.

3

3.3 Explain how an individual could

comprehend and control their own

prejudices.

3

LO4

Understand

the major

theories of

criminal

behaviour and

causal factors.

4.1 Review the major theories of criminal

behaviour. 1

4.2 Explain the causal aspects of criminal

behaviour.

1

4.3 Assess influences and factors, which may

account for criminal activity. 1

4.4 Evaluate the impact of crime on victims and

society. 1

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully

acknowledged.

Student signature: John Dunphy Date: 03 December 2014

In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following MERIT

and DISTINCTION grades

Grade Descriptor

Indicative characteristic/s

Contextualisation

M1

Select/design and apply

appropriate methods/techniques

Shows relevant theories and techniques

have been applied.

To achieve M1 you must show that you have applied relevant theories

and techniques to the explanation of criminal behaviour (Task 1).

M2

Identify and apply strategies to find

appropriate solutions

Shows relevant theories and techniques

have been applied.

To achieve M2 you must show how relevant psychological theories and

techniques can be applied to individuals, organisations and conflict

management. (Task 2).

M3

Present and communicate

appropriate findings

Shows coherent, logical development

principles/concepts for the intended

audience.

To achieve M3 you must provide a coherent presentation, in which you

logically develop the principles and concepts around prejudice and

discrimination, for your audience. (Task 3).

D1

Use critical reflection to evaluate

own work and justify valid

conclusions

Shows conclusions have been arrived at

through synthesis of ideas and have been

justified.

To achieve D1 you must justify your conclusions about the effectiveness

of psychological and other explanations in explaining criminal behaviour.

(Task 1).

D2

Demonstrate

convergent/lateral/creative

thinking

Shows ideas have been generated and

decisions taken.

To achieve D2 you must make recommendations for how these

psychological theories and techniques could be used in practice, to

benefit individuals, organisations and conflict management.

(Task 2).

D3

Take responsibility for managing

and organising activities

Substantial activities, projects or

investigations have been planned,

managed and organised.

To achieve D3 you must demonstrate substantial planning, organisation

and management of this project. (Task 3).

Please note that for unit assignments assessors should use these or other exemplar indicative characteristics for the individual grade

descriptors from Annexe C of the HN specification or any other relevant indicative characteristics for the particular assignment. The

indicative characteristic should then be contextualised. Only one indicative characteristic per grade descriptor, M2, M2, M3, D1, D2, D3 is

required.

Assignment brief

Unit number and title Unit 8: Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour

Qualification Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Public Services

Start date Task one: 09/11/13, Task two: 29/11/13, Task three: 10/01/13

Deadline/hand-in Task two: 29/11/14, Task two: 10/01/14, Task three: 31/01/14

Assessor Antonia Cartwright

Assignment title Psychology and Criminal Behaviour

Purpose of this assignment

Examine how psychological approaches and theories relate to criminal behaviour. Understand how people behave

individually and within organisations the causes and impact of prejudice and discrimination. This assignment places

emphasis on developing a greater understanding how psychology influences behaviour and the impact this has on

criminals, victims and public service organisations.

Scenario

In your role as a consultant psychologist working for the police you have been tasked with creating a number of

documents to advance the professional use of psychology in the police, which may also be of use to other public

services.

Task 1 (1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, M1 and D1) - Explaining Criminal Behaviour

In your role as a psychology consultant you have been asked to create a written training package for staff working at

a public services training school on key psychological approaches and how these and other factors can affect criminal

behaviour.

Within this training package you must define psychology and review key psychological theories (at least three) and

their validity in explaining criminal behaviour. You need to explain how other fact ors (at least three) such as social

circumstances and other influences may cause crime, and evaluate the effect crime has on victims and society.

Guidance:

Psychological theories could include: cognitive (e.g. Loftus), behaviourist (e.g. Skinner), biological (e.g. Lombroso),

personality (e.g. Eysenck), psychodynamic (e.g. Freud), social learning (e.g. Bandura), or developmental perspectives

(e.g. Bowlby).

Other factors could include: socioeconomic pressures (e.g. poverty, drugs, education), influences (e.g. peers, religion,

media), individual factors (e.g. repeat victimisation).

Effects on victims and society could include: victim surveys (e.g. Crime Survey for England and Wales), costs (e.g.

rehabilitation, policing, courts), organisations (e.g. victim support, social services).

This information should be used to complete learning outcomes 1 and 4.

To achieve M1 you must show that you have applied relevant theories and techniques to the explanation of criminal

behaviour.

To achieve D1 you must justify your conclusions about the effectiveness of psychological and other explanations in

explaining criminal behaviour.

Word count: 1800

Accurately cite references throughout your work. Provide full references in Harvard APA format in a separate section,

titled ‘References’, at the end of your work.

Task 2 (2.1 2.2 2.3 M2 and D2) - Psychology for Individuals and Organisations

In your role as a psychology consultant you have been asked to create an information booklet about how psychology

can be used to benefit individuals and a public services organisation.

Within this booklet you must outline how psychology can benefit individuals (in at least two ways). You must also

explain how psychological knowledge of group dynamics may impact on a public service (in at least two ways) and

how psychological knowledge can be used in conflict management.

This information should be used to complete learning outcome 2.

Guidance:

Individual benefits could include: learning styles (e.g. Kolb, Honey & Mumford), learning theories (e.g. Piaget,

Bandura), behaviourism, communication techniques (e.g. assertiveness).

Group dynamics could include: group tensions, in groups and out groups (e.g. Guzzo), group performance (e.g.

Tavistock Institute), conformity.

Conflict management could include: attitudes, self-knowledge, strategies, models (e.g. Thomas & Kilmann), benefits

and costs.

To achieve M2 you must show how relevant psychological theories and techniques can be applied to individuals,

organisations and conflict management.

To achieve D2 you must make recommendations for how these psychological theories and techniques could be used in

practice, to benefit individuals, organisations and conflict management.

Word count: 1200

Accurately cite references throughout your work. Provide full references in Harvard APA format in a separate section,

titled ‘References’, at the end of your work.

Task 3 (3.1 3.2 3.3 M3 and D3) – Prejudice and Discrimination

In your role as a psychology consultant you have been asked to write and conduct an electronic presentation for a

local police (or other public service) training school on prejudice and discriminat ion.

You will need to complete a presentation lasting at least 10 minutes (in any electronic format), explaining causes and

consequences of prejudice and discrimination. You will need to include definitions, explanations and examples for

types of prejudice and discrimination. Include self-reflection of your own experience or values held. Use theories or

behavioural models (at least two) to inform your presentation.

You may use typed notes (to be submitted) to supplement your presentation.

Guidance:

Causes and consequences could include: types of prejudice/discrimination, situations, individual’s behavioural control,

other’s behaviour, external causes.

Self-reflection could include: values, beliefs and judgements, other influences (e.g. media, peers, family), stereotypes.

Theories and models could include: behavioural responses to discrimination or dominance, coping strategies, GW

Allport, Stephan and Stephan, Devine, Plant and Busswell.

Use this information to complete learning outcome 3.

To achieve M3 you must provide a coherent presentation, in which you logically develop the principles and concepts

around prejudice and discrimination, for your audience.

To achieve D3 you must demonstrate substantial planning, organisation and management of this project.

Word count: 1000

Accurately cite references throughout your work. Provide full references in Harvard APA format in a separate section,

titled ‘References’, at the end of your work.

Task 1 (1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, M1 and D1) - Explaining Criminal Behaviour

In your role as a psychology consultant you have been asked to create a written training package for staff working

at a public services training school on key psychological approaches and how these and other factors can affec t

criminal behaviour.

Within this training package you must define psychology and review key psychological theories (at least three) and

their validity in explaining criminal behaviour. You need to explain how other factors (at least three) such as social

circumstances and other influences may cause crime, and evaluate the effect crime has on victims and society.

Guidance:

Psychological theories could include: cognitive (e.g. Loftus), behaviourist (e.g. Skinner), biological (e.g. Lombroso),

personality (e.g. Eysenck), psychodynamic (e.g. Freud), social learning (e.g. Bandura), or developmental

perspectives (e.g. Bowlby).

Other factors could include: socioeconomic pressures (e.g. poverty, drugs, education), influences (e.g. peers,

religion, media), individual factors (e.g. repeat victimisation).

Effects on victims and society could include: victim surveys (e.g. Crime Survey for England and Wales), costs (e.g.

rehabilitation, policing, courts), organisations (e.g. victim support, social services).

This information should be used to complete learning outcomes 1 and 4.

To achieve M1 you must show that you have applied relevant theories and techniques to the explanation of criminal

behaviour.

To achieve D1 you must justify your conclusions about the effectiveness of psychological and other explanations in

explaining criminal behaviour.

Word count: 1800

Accurately cite references throughout your work. Provide full references in Harvard APA format in a separate

section, titled ‘References’, at the end of your work.

Task 2 (2.1 2.2 2.3 M2 and D2) - Psychology for Individuals and Organisations

In your role as a psychology consultant you have been asked to create an information booklet about how

psychology can be used to benefit individuals and a public services organisation.

Within this booklet you must outline how psychology can benefit individuals (in at least two ways). You must also

explain how psychological knowledge of group dynamics may impact on a public service (in at least two ways) and

how psychological knowledge can be used in conflict management.

This information should be used to complete learning outcome 2.

Guidance:

Individual benefits could include: learning styles (e.g. Kolb, Honey & Mumford), learning theories (e.g. Piaget,

Bandura), behaviourism, communication techniques (e.g. assertiveness).

Group dynamics could include: group tensions, in groups and out groups (e.g. Guzzo), group performance (e.g.

Tavistock Institute), conformity.

Conflict management could include: attitudes, self-knowledge, strategies, models (e.g. Thomas & Kilmann), benefits

and costs.

To achieve M2 you must show how relevant psychological theories and techniques can be applied to individuals,

organisations and conflict management.

To achieve D2 you must make recommendations for how these psychological theories and techniques could be used

in practice, to benefit individuals, organisations and conflict management.

Word count: 1200

Accurately cite references throughout your work. Provide full references in Harvard APA format in a separate

section, titled ‘References’, at the end of your work.

Psychology for Individuals and Organisations

2.1

Communication skills

The implementation of

psychology can enhance

body and verbal language

which can reinforce team

membership towards the

trait of shyness begin

abolished though out

members of the team that

are nervousness or

apprehensive form the

engagement of social

congregation.

Communication skills can

also obtain the endeavour

of formulating interpreted

messages. By the act of

body language for example

people that are deaf the

implication of body

language uses hand

movements for the purpose

of understanding an

individual’s emotions.

Communication skills are also indicated in

primates by the use of fundamental sign

language. For the purpose of warring off

predators. Or the implementation of human traits

e.g. sadness, happiness or friendship.

Koko-A Talking Gorilla-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NwCrXVU

m_Q

Learning style Stage associated with

Activist

Reflector

Theorist

Pragmatist

Having an experience

Reviewing the experience

Concluding from the

experience

Psychology for Individuals and Organisations

2.1

Honey and Mumford

Learning styles

Honey and Mumford

adapted David Kolb’s

learning styles model and

experiential learning theory

to develop their own

systematic model of

learning style, based on

research into manager’s

behavioural tendencies.

Unlike Kolb’s theoretical

view Honey and Mumford

uses four learning styles

summarised associated

stages upon the Learning

styles explained within the

diagram.

Planning the next steps

(Theorist) To know where

something fits into overall

ideas and concepts; analysis

and logic; begin stretched;

abstract concepts; structure,

clarity

(Theorist) Frivolity, mindless fun;

wasting time; wasting time; not

being able to question; lack of a

timetable and structure.

(Pragmatist) Practical problem

solving; relevance to the

relevance to the real world;

applying learning.

(Pragmatist) Anything theoretical;

learning that focuses too much on

past or future and not present.

Likes Dislikes

(Activist) doing and

experiencing games, practical

activities, anything that is

energetic and involving.

(Activist) sitting around for too long

working alone theorising having to

listen to others.

(Reflector)Time to think

observe take it all in; watching

others; solitude and time.

(Reflector)Being hurtled into

activity no time to think; crammed

timetables; lack of privacy, no time

to prepare

Psychology for Individuals and Organisations

2.1

Enhanced Understanding of

others

Psychology endeavours on

the venture of recognising

human emotions though

facial, body language, and

speech patterns. This helps

individuals understand the

human Medulla oblongata

architecture. While also

unlocking the methodical

network of Ecological

anthropology. This is

delineated by cultural

transformation towards

new environments. Humans

for many years have

adapted towards an

understanding of other for

example the odyssey of

human evolution. Where

Homo sapiens could only

communicate though

Neanderthal language with

the use of Phonology and

descriptive linguistics. This

must have characterized

facial emotions where in the

modern world we use facial

expressions to vent are

human traits for the

purpose of flagging are

human feelings.

Homo sapiens use facial expressions to Identify human traits

and the odyssey of silent commutation. Human emotions are

channelled through the limbic system or the paleo mammalian

brain. This network of human emotions is conducted within the

amygdala inside the brains cerebral hemisphere which controls

human emotions.

2.1

Bandura-social leaning

Theory

Albert Bandura (1977)

conducted the theory of

social leaning who sates that

learning is endeavoured

though environmental

observation. Unlike B.F

skinner who invented the

theory of operant

conditioning. Bandura

considers that humans are an

active (information process)

which is known as the heart

of cognitive psychology

where an individual

systematically processes

information in the same way

as an analytical engine

processing knowledge

numerous times though the

brains cerebellum Latin for

the little brain. This part of

the brains architecture

consist of information

systems that receive

coordinates from an

individual’s interaction with

an environment. The

cerebellums centre

endeavours on evolutionary

infrastructure.

Albert Bandura (1977) conducted the Bobo doll

experiment on the behaviour of children. The Bobo

experiment depicted the act of children mirroring violent

behaviour from media entities displaying the actions of

adults carrying out physical violence on an imamate

object called a “Bobo doll”. The children acted upon

physical symmetry towards the “Bobo doll”. The children

gratuitously beat the Bobo doll senseless until they were

out of energy. The Bobo doll experiment-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqNaLerMNOE

2.1

Bandura (1977) and Honey and Honey

and Munford (1982) are both learning

styles which hold the paradox of social

anthropology which refers towards an

analysis of human behaviour. This

benefits an individual in society or the

workplace to understand human

behaviourism if that individual is the

manager of a business or corporation.

This improves an individual’s industry

of knowledge towards the human

mind. Technics that summarize human

anthropology and cultural

conceptualisation. This improves the

theoretical rectification of human

behaviourism in the workplace. For

example the morphology of gratuitous

conflict management can appear

disturbing in the eyes of the by

standing subordinate. But this is

known as the anatomy of the

individual’s personality. E.g.

egomania, narcissism, Histrionic

personality disorder. The Techniques

of understanding commination skills

and human emotions helps the

employee identify these personalities’

disorders for the purpose of avoiding

conflict in the workplace

(Histrionic personality disorder) this person

disorder identifies human lust for vanity and

seductive behaviour which can add towards

antisocial behaviourism in the workplace.

This summarizes an individual’s need for

dramatic achievement and the power over

people’s emotions. This can also create

conflict with the personality of narcissism if

the histrionic congregates with the office

narcissist. This could lead to gossip or the

common cold shoulder if that individual

displays the need for conflict or attention.

Histrionic personality Gone with the wind

(1939) -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDiMHz

4nZwQ

2.1

Understanding Body language

skills

Body language skills can

improve an individual’s social

reading signals towards co-

workers or social endeavours.

This can unlock social

infrastructure by

understanding various

message clusters which

indicate an individual’s

emotions and metal status.

Body language is known as the

most important trait of

communication which

consumes more than 50% of

social communication.

Politicians will use body’s

language to domineer there

political opponents. For the

purpose of climbing the

campaign ladder by using

derogatory or disproving body

language towards their

political rival campaigner.

In The world of politics body language displays the

confidence of the candidate which could make or

break the candidate’s campaign.

The secrets of body language-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCB3ebJjI1Q

2.1

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) the

stages of Development

Jean Piaget was known as a

Phenomenon in the

physiological field. Piaget had

not one qualification within

Physiological studies. Piaget

invented the theory of cognitive

development epistemology

knowledge and child growth

upon observational tests. The

series of conducted tests

revealed multifarious stages of

a child’s view on society. There

are four stages of development

known as

sensorimotor/Preoperation/con

Concrete operationl/Formal

operational which is displayed

in the diagram. Piaget is

extremely influential in

developing primary education

towards children. The cognitive

theory conducted the

evaluation of child progression

which elucidated a child’s

adaptation throughout social

learning within academic

evolution.

The

Sensorimotor

0-2 years

Key Feature

Object Permanence

Research study

Blanket and Ball study

The

Preoperational

2-7 years

Key Feature

Egocentrism

Research study

Three Mountains

The

Concrete Operational

7-11 years

Key Feature

Conservation

Research study

Conservation of Number

The

Formal

Operational

11 years+

Key Feature

Manipulate ideals in

head e.g. Abstract

Reasoning

Research study

Pendulum Task

2.2

Regret Theory

The Regret Theory summarises an individual foreseeing Regret

if that individual makes the wrong decision. The theory is

designed for the purpose of investigating the fear of regret in

the art of financial investing or impulse behaviour. The fear of

regret motivates an individual towards taken a risk without

thinking about the consequences. For example (Keynesians

economics) which displays the impulse of spending throughout

the economy. An individual whom spends various wealth into

the economy will help boost the aggregate demand. Other

people who save or invest their wealth into the economy will

have an abundance of wealth in there saving bounds.

Individuals whom spend towards the economy but are recently

hit by the recession will borrow money from organizations

that lend vast amounts of wealth towards capitalists who

spend without regret. This is known as a fiscal policy which is

used by the government to adjust its spending levels and tax

rates for the purpose of monitoring and influencing the

nation’s economy. Not so smart Capitalists will spend and

borrow without regret as smart capitalists will work and save

towards contributing towards investment organizations. This

could create a monetary policy where the government controls

the behaviour of spending by not so smart capitalists.

Capitalists whom create inflation by their habit of

consumerism. Can be affected by the rise and fall of economic

balance towards society. Hyperinflation can influence the

non-regret of capitalist theft towards the working-class

capitalist that saves and invests money for the dream of a

better life. Affluent capitalists will still go on spending without

remorse of hyperinflation affecting the working-class. This will

only benefit corporations and Monopoly’s towards Affluent

society. This summarises an individuals need to consume

towards capitalism without the regret of losing vast amounts

of wealth.

How does understanding the Regret Theory

Help organizations?

To emphasize the regret theory towards

organizations you must analyse the grip of

conformity upon the individuals mind. The

individual that works for an enterprise will

mainly focus upon the dream of one day

begin successful. Cynical organizations will

the regret theory to influence customers or

employees to fundraise there organization by

using the method of conformity. E.g. Dave

invested his wages within the company Dave

worked with for Ten years and received 50

thousand so Bob then invests 60 Thousand

out of the behaviour of conformity. If Dave or

Bob loses there investment the company still

wins.

2.2

Cognitive Psychology

B.F skinner- Operating

conditioning and free will conducted

on clade columbidaes displayed the

actions of operant conditioning. This

reinforces the on clade columbidaes

towards obeying movement and

instructions on demand. Operating

conditioning can also be used upon

Homo sapiens for example a human

will never work towards anything

without a goal in front of the

individual’s transcendence. Economic

or career path transcendence is only

just two of the goals that human

aspire to climb within their life time.

All Binominal nomenclature entities

aspire towards the goal of survival

drawn towards food substance or

shelters without these vital entities

are metal state or are purpose of

hierarchical endeavours will be the

victim of extinction. Homo sapiens in

the 20th century are known for the

consumption of commercialism

towards the state of western culture.

E.g. materialism which is known for

the birth of capitalism. Originations

will prey upon pathological

shopaholics for the purpose of the

customer regurgitating their need for

materialism. In fact people mirror B.F

skinners pigeons by attending a

ritual throughout their lives. The

pigeons where kept in a small box but

are well as Homo sapiens kept in a

small world confined towards

regurgitation.

B.F skinners operating conditioning-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhvaSEJtOV8

How does B.F skinners theory help organizations?

We as Homo sapiens release high levels of euphoria

within the brains cerebral cortex when we are

rewarded. Within the work environment we are aurally

conditioned weekly for example every Homo sapiens

within the work establishment is given a type of

agenda which helps us as Homo sapiens get though

work. For example having a cigarette break at lunch

time if the manger allows the individual to attend a

cigarette break then the individual will be conditioned

to work harder towards the next cigarette break.

2.2

Classic conditioning

Pavlov’s Dogs

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov conducted an

accidental experiment on dog which was later to

be known as classic conditioning. Pavlov noticed

that dogs salivated over food when Pavlov entered

the room. Pavlov began to conduct an experiment

on a germen shepherd. A tube was connected onto

the dog’s neck which was implemented towards

catching the dog’s saliva. Pavlov’s belied that the

dog’s salvia was produced by a fixed nervous

reflex. After hours of monitoring it was conformed

that the dog dewed when the dog had contacted

food. Pavlov named the reposed the salvation Felix.

Pavlov’s experiment started to discombobulate

after the dog salivated into the tube before the

experiment was conducted. Pavlov then placed

screens around the dog for the purpose of blocking

his eye sight. Pavlov then introduced a stimulus

towards the dog’s senses by the use of a ticking

metronome. Food upon a dog dish was placed

threw a hole between the screens. At first the dog

dripped saliva inside the tube when the food

appeared. But after a number of experiments the

dog began to connect the sound of the metronome

towards the indication that food would arrive

within seconds. The sound of the metronome

stared to make the dog produce salvia. Other

metronomes where later on produced into the

experiment and yet again the dogs stimulus began

to salivate over the sounds of the metronomes.

Producing 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and

euphoria within the dogs cerebral cortex

processing information that the dog will receive

food upon the sound of the metronome.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54h

o

Pavlov’s Dogs benefiting organizations

The experiment conducted on dogs by Pavlov can relate

towards Homo sapiens by not the implantation of a

metronome but the desire towards an animate object or

the lust of friendship or relationship towards an

individual. In my opinion people in the workplace

actually work within the manner of potency if that

person feels an influence by an animate object or

individual tantalizing the person repeatedly this will

draw an individual to repeatedly seek out there goal

within the workplace. E.g. subject one named (Andy) is

in love with subject two named (scarlet) scarlet has

histrionic personality disorder that enjoys tantalizing

men. Andy try’s very hard towards getting scarlet’s

attention but senses that scarlet enjoys cholate every

time scarlet enters the room Andy lusts for her presents.

Andy runs over towards scarlet and gives her cholate as

scarlet just ignores the dear boy and does not even

thank Andy for his kind offer. Andy continuities to give

scarlet cholates every Friday believing that scarlet will

one day talk to Andy.

2.2

Group Dynamics

Belbin’s Team roles

Belbin’s Team roles are defined

by the identification of an

individual’s strengths and

weaknesses within an

organization. This improves

the work environments

architecture by raising self-

awareness and personal

effectiveness. There are nine

team roles depicted within the

workplace which are an

essential towards building a

productive work environment.

Plant

Strengths

Creative

Imaginative

Free-thinking

Solves

problems

Weaknesses

Ignores

incidentals

Too

preoccupied

to

communicate

effectively

Resource

Investigator

I

Strengths

Outgoing

Enthusiastic

Communicative

Explores

opportunities

Develops

contacts

Weaknesses

Over-optimistic

Loses interest

once intel

enthusiasm has

passed

Co-ordinator

Strengths

Mature

Confident

Identifies talent

Clarifies goals

Delegates effectively

Weakness

May seem manipulative

Offloads own work

Shaper

Dynamic

Challenging

Courage

Prone to

provocation

Offends

people’s

feelings.

Monitor Evaluator

Sober

Strategic

Discerning

Judges

accurately

Monitors all

options

Weakness

Lacks drive and ability to

inspire others.

Can be over critical

Weakness

Team worker

Co-operative

Perceptive

Diplomatic

Good listener

Averts friction

Strengths

Weaknesses

Avoids

confrontation

Indecisive in

crunch situations

Implementer

Strengths

Practical

Reliable

Efficient

Organized

Weaknesses

Inflexible

Slow to respond

to new

possibilities

Completer finisher

Strengths

Painstaking

Conscientious

Anxious

Searches out

errors

Weaknesses

Inclined to

worry unduly

Reluctant to

delegate

Specialist

Strengths

Single-minded

Self-starting

Dedicated

Provides

knowledge and

skills in rare

supply’s

Weaknesses

Contributes only

on a narrow

front

Dwells on

technicalities

2.2

The Tavistock institute

The Tavistock institute of human relations

supports the development of organisations

under evaluated research into social science.

The institute has offered the development of

social science research towards a range of

clients and partners internationally or within

the United Kingdom. The institute are known

for their actions which adapt towards

significant changes inside the work

environment and the evolution towards new

technology entering the work environment.

The institute uses these settings inside of the

work environment.

Organisational issues

Inter-organisational relations

Leadership

The emergence of the knowledge

society

Issues arising from cultural

differences and diversity

The delivery and implementation

of public policy

The institute’s systematic network caters

towards sociocultural anthropology for the

purpose of designing effective environmental

work architecture towards the Homo sapien

while ensuring that the development of the

organization and the human is both benefited

from the research conducted by The Tavistock

institute.

The History of the Tavistock institute

The Tavistock institute was formed in 1947 for the

purpose of the research into elements of the way Homo

sapiens operate together as collaboration into

organizational and social research monitoring. Based

outside London England the Tavistock institute is also

the nerve centre for psychological warfare and

propaganda purposes. The Tavistock institute was

known to have close connections with Sigmund Freud

and Carl Jung in 1938 there study’s where named mass

psychology.

How does Tavistock research help organizations?

The Tavistock institute endeavours upon the journey of

sociological research around the work environment. The

institute creates theoretical summaries conducted on

human behaviourism. This unlocks the expansion of

human interaction towards the work environment By

helping organizations towards the understanding

human science.

2.2

Group Dynamics

By Sigmund Freud

The Behaviour theory of group Dynamics

conducted by Sigmund Freud (1856-

1939) on group psychology and the

Analysis of the ego. Chapter x of the

theory summarises the group and the

primal Horde. Freud mentions that (the

conjecture of Charles Darwin to the

effect that the primitive form of human

society was that of a horde ruled over

despotically by a powerful male). This

unlocks the theory of the Alpha male in

monkeys which mirrors Homo sapien

traits. The Alpha male holds the

psychological totalitarianism by

controlling the group’s common

direction and human emotions. This type

of behaviourism summarises the

knowledge of an organizations

leadership style in this case the

totalitarian manger or Boss whom

controls the organizations

infrastructure. By ruling under

autocracy which is mostly used within

political systems to endeavour

dictatorship mechanisms within society.

Organizations can use Sigmund Freud’s

Analysis of the ego for the purpose of

identifying a leadership style which can

rule the masses without empathy or

feeling towards the individuals the

Manger or Boss is leading.

Fact: Primates rule under hierarchy dominance which

endeavours a ranking system of social grouping. The

manifestation hierarchy within the primate kingdom

identifies alpha male leadership by engaging into

conflict with other primates. If the primate wins the

battle of primitive conflict. The female primate will

target that males testosterone levels for the purpose

of procreation.

Primate hierarchy-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8_zVRC5AaI

2.2

Group Dynamics Part 2

By Sigmund Freud and Gustave Le Bon

Sigmund Freud’s theory of Group Dynamics can be

also found within chapter II of Sigmund Freud’s book

on Le Bon’s Description of the group mind. Gustave Le

Bon a social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist

inventor, and abecedarian physicist. Elaborates an

infrastructure of physiological group conformity. By

summarising an individual’s characteristics within a

chosen group when an individual joins a group the

individuals mind will feel, think, and act if that

individual where in the state of isolation. An

individual with heterogeneous traits will conform to

shear unity towards their chosen group. This will

enforce conformity towards a person’s mind changing

their actions or systematic ideology. Le Bon explains

that an individual’s feeling or ideas do not in the

slightest fact transform themselves into acts except in

the case of individuals forming a group. Freud

elaborates on Le Bon theory by taking it in liberty to

summarise that Le Bon’s theory does not mention that

an individual joining a conformed group are formed

in unity then there must be some type of element

which draws that individual to conform towards that

chosen group. And that the bound between the

individual and group must accurately define the

individual and group characteristics. This theory Le

Bon summarises connects towards co-worker

conformity which mirrors mundane American high

school movies. For example the Stanger arrives onto

the school grounds in this theoretical summery. The

individual actions identity’s with group leaders and

this allows the individual to conform which group

dynamics if that individual is accepted towards that

sub-culture. Work relationships maintain

organizational independence which develops

friendship within the establishment creating an

anatomy of loyal workers help one another

throughout their time with their chosen work buddy’s

or sub-culture.

Fact: The movie Fight club elaborates on

group conformity multifarious times.

Summarising the factor of white collar males

joining an underground fight club/ Terrorist

group against the ideology capitalism in

modern America.

2.2

Group tensions

By Lawrence Frey and Kevin Barge

Lawrence Frey and Kevin Barge

theory of managing group life:

communication in decision-making

groups (1998). This explains a

collection of group behaviour when

team members are given a task

towards accomplishing their goal. A

group member struggling with a

particular task will go through four

stages of group life (entering,

encountering, engaging and ending)

an individual within a chosen group

will be torn between dimensions of

two ideas which are equally valid but

also dispute with each other creating

group tension. A hypothetical

example can relate towards an

individual entering a room the

individual is assigned towards a

group of five. The group is given a

task towards building a rocket ship

for their science class. To make the

rocket ship fly they are given two

elements bio alcohol CnH2n+OH and

Biodiesel. The team members

verbally fight over who takes charge

of the Task Bob has a PHD in Biofuel

and Harry has a Diploma in

engineering. This summarises the

theory two rival elements clash no

matter what their options are.

The theory of group tensions can help

organizations understand the

knowledge behind group debates.

Every individual will quarrel about

any decision if there are two sides

towards the assigned task.

2.2

The Theory of Conformity

Richard crutchfield (1955) Crutchfiled conducted a team of 5

participants side by side within individual booths with a panel

of lights and switches in front of their person. An individual

set of lights was set to be illuminated for the purpose of

indicating the responses of 4 participants. Another set of

switches provided the provided the test subjects with the

means of giving their own responses. The test subjects were

also giving multiple choice questions quoted by Crutchfiled

“The slides call for various kinds of judgements-lengths of

lines areas of figures, logical completion of number series,

vocabulary items, estimates of the opinions of others,

expressions of his own attitudes on issues, expressions of his

own preferences for line drawings……” The test subject where

assigned to always give their response last, having already

seen the supposed responses of the other 4. The lights where

actually manipulated by the experimenter to create a bogus

majorly of responses. Over 600 subjects from different

backgrounds participated in the test Including student’s

women and army officers for 3 days.

The results

46% conforming towards the incorrect majority

response when asked to compare the size of a circle

and a star –the circle was much larger

37% of the army officers agree with a bogus majority

statement that they would not make a good leader-

having all said privately beforehand that they

believed that they would make good leaders

58% of the student test subjects agreed with bogus

majorly statement

The results mirrored the Asch experiment as 30%

conformed towards bogus answers

17% of test subjects at rumbled the experiment and

knew what was going on. Crutchfield did not

comment on how this would affect the test

Conformity in organizations

Within organizations the knowledge of

conformity is an endeavour towards order and

employee transcendence. For example

conformity summarises the segregation of

group mentality on enterprise levels which lock-

down any interference from outside entities.

Conformity identity’s loyal employees from

rebellious subordinates whom are considered

communists towards the levels of

transcendence and fundamental orders

summoned by the manger or boss.

Low class

2.2

In groups and out groups

In the field of social

anthropology in groups and

out groups reveal the

characteristics of social

identity. Tajfel (1979)

Proposed that groups e.g.

(social, class, family, football

teams etc.) which people

belonged to where an

important source of pride and

self-esteem. A group gives us a

sense of social identity: a sense

of belonging to the social

world. This unlock the social

identity Theory outline

categorizing sub-cultures

within their social environment

a social group membership

gives an individual a feeling of

belonging which can improve a

person’s self-esteem and social

endeavour. In (1979) a movie

called the warriors

summarised fictional gangs

based upon the real gangs of

New York’s underworld. The

film identified gang warfare

over territories around New

York against in and out groups.

The Warriors-

https://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=1ycpmrEl-9E

An example of in and out groups

High class

Punks Yobs

Christians Jews

Males Females

Labour Conservatives

Protestants Catholics

How does understanding the Theory of social identity help

organizations?

The Theory helps amplify the stature of social identity

within the work environment. There are various sub-

cultures within society some get along some don’t. How

does it help the work environment? By identifying what

group the individual belongs to help that individual work

within a productive manner if that individual is paired

with their own sub-culture.

2.2

Group performance

Group performance is defined by social

psychology summarised by Baron, Byrne,

and suls (1989). By quoting that “the

scientific field that seeks to understand the

nature and causes of individual behaviour in

social situations”. Social psychology deals

with the behaviourism of the individual in

the presence of others. Group dynamics and

group performance creates an industry of

social influence. Theoretically an individual

is controlled by minority influence. Moscovici

(1976, 1980) summarised the Asch

experiment and stated that in many forms of

conformity studies there was a minority

group who were conforming towards the

majority. He claims that Asch had placed an

abundance of emphasis towards the theory

of the group’s majority having magnitude of

influence on the minority. He stated that it

could be possible for an individual to

influence group option. This unlocks the

history of political movements. For example

Vladimir Lenin founder of the Russian

communist party. During the Bolshevik

Revolution Lenin was a minority of

communists against the Bolshevik ruling

class. Lenin quoted “the worse things are the

better things are” at the time of famine and

shear poverty hit his local village. People

under the Bolshevik government began to

discontent from the Bolshevik government

towards Lenin’s views which helped the

working class of Russia. Many Russians

conformed towards his views as an

individual.

How does the knowledge group performance

benefit organizations?

An individual’s view or ideology amplifies

group option and group decision making. For

example if an individual is the leader of a

conformed group then the possibility of

group decisions will be delegated by the

individual not the manger This does create

conflict with the manger . But on the other

hand it benefits the manager for the purpose

of the individuals leadership begin in charge

of the groups division giving the manger less

work to handle.

2.2

Group dynamics within the

The Police

Example 1

The police are known for their

hostile encounters with

members of the public. Group

dynamics with the police helps

the police understand the

system of behaviours within

social anthropology. For

example understanding body

language of a group’s

behaviour ciphers an

abundance of knowledge

within a social group. For

example a post-riot if a group

of delinquents gathers outside

a city centre and within men’s

rea the group show the

dynamics of criminal behaviour

then the police will identify the

morphology of criminal

behaviour though the

dimension of visual group

dynamics.

Fact: people imitate an anatomy of evolution formatting

the structure of human physics. People are like of

Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons conducting various

emotions throughout society. When an ideology or view

synopsizes group opinion it releases capaciousness range

among the crowd creating an angry mob.

The depiction of an angry mob-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLvGnro4Cgw

2.2

Group Dynamics within the

police

Example 2

Group Dynamics within the

police understands the

automation of behavioural

economics. For example within

the police force a group of

officers are better than one

officer if the officer is

outnumbered by a group of

undesirable individuals. Group

dynamics productively

influences communication and

social economics. Group

dynamics upholds industrial

dimensions towards the

architecture of Team

management. While using a

network of sociology that can

influence a peace of mind

towards the officer it that

officer feels in danger when

engaging a dangerous

situation.

2.3

M2

Part 1 Sherif et al. (1988) (Muzafer sherif) was a Turkish-American social psychologist. He conducted an experiment called Robbers Cave which involved a group of boys at summer camp who had never met before. The Boys were separated into two teams and where asked to engage in completive tasks with conflicting goals. The dilemma with the tasks where that the goal could only be achieved only at the other team’s expense the tasks included sports and tournaments. Inter group deliberation escalated quickly leading towards verbal conflict. This theory can relate towards various organizations e.g. the public service. Which could involve members of an operation fighting over formatted a task. This can lead towards a mutiny against authoritarian leaders Resulting in inter group conflict. By theoretically identifying group conflict which Sherif summarized the problem behind the task is not the task itself but the group’s options in front of the task. Every group given an assignment must be given a delegated role to ensure that everyone has a democratic say on the matter of the task given at hand. Ensuring that a mutiny does not expand throughout the group.

Fact: Mutiny on the bounty depicts the configuration of the

war of the upper and lower classes as a ship is taken over by

a Mutiny taken over the captain’s ship.

Mutiny on the Bounty-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3vtKU9bi10

2.3

M2

Part 2

The John Dunphy Theoretical approach towards Conflict

Management

The Sociological spectrum (2014)

We as Homo sapiens within the 20th century live inside a sociological

spectrum that defines are emotional automation within the

contraception of how we perceive others though are Medulla

Oblongata morphology. The brains cerebral cortex processes are

emotional status mirroring a roulette table’s ping pong ball landing

on a random number. Within clusters of society we share conflict

with random personalities within the public infrastructures

sociological spectrum. The public service e.g. the police delegates

order throughout civilization. In my option by examining the

criminal mind we could tap into their traits. Criminal architecture is

built upon high levels of testosterone directed at the police because

they represent a system that failed there sociological needs. We can

use new techniques of conflict management over archaic techniques

by allowing these groups to vent their anger towards an enclosed

society if debauched behaviour is displayed by the individual. Now

we could regurgitate the prison system locking the individual within

an aggressive domain or we could educated that individual within a

program depicting that person’s view on society displaying their

behaviour on screen showing the individuals rage upon society. Any

Homo sapien will feel embarrassed of their public outrage recorded

in front of their very eyes. We need to push the education of verbal

abuse upon organizations or the public service cultivating citizens

and staff members that uncivilized behaviour will not be tolerated

within society and that an individual can be fined or placed within

an education system to develop there negative behaviour into

positive behaviour which will monitor there psychodynamic

emotions though step by step anger management or social economic

behavioural classes which will shape their aggressive emotions into

positive emotions.

Fact: we live within highways of hypersonic

conflict. For example we could clash we the

mechanics of aggressive social science upon

the street if an individual takes an

uncivilized liken towards are ideology or

presents which unravels bully or primitive

behaviourism towards new characteristics.

Conflict battles are quite nimble at first e.g.

road rage or bumping into a person

anciently. But it could expand into the rage

dynamics leading into physical or verbal

conflict between two individuals crossing

over towards criminal behaviourism.

Fact: there are numerous characteristics

within societys spectrum. From the view of

social anthropology conflict management is

displayed all around us. For example a court

hearing displays two warring factions over a

dispute. But within the court holds the key

towards supressing the agreement the

autocratic Judge whom has control over the

environments anatomy. This asks the

question could a level of power stop the

configuration of an argument from arising?

2.3

M2

Part 3

Rahim and Bonoma (1979)

Rahim and Bonoma

constructed a theory of the

styles of handling interpersonal

conflict on two basic

dimensions which contested of

the concern for self and the

concern for others. The first

dimension explains the degree

of (High or Low) to which an

individual attempts to mollify

his or her concern. The second

dimension explains the degree

of (high or low) to which an

individual wants to satisfy the

concern of others. Both

dimensions portray

motivational direction which of

a given individual towards a

conflict. The dimensions

summarise individualistic

human behaviourism within

contrast towards the

workplace. The dichotomy of

the dimensions synopsizes

human narcissism vs empathy

which can create abundance

within the work environment.

Ruble and Thomas (1976) and

Van de Vliert and Kabnoff

(1990) have supported the idea

of two dimensions conflicting.

The combination of these two

dimensions summarises five

multifarious styles of handling

interpersonal conflict.

Integrating style

This style indicates high concern for self and

other. This style is also known for its problem

solving skills. This also involves collaboration

between two parties e.g. openness exchange

of information and examination of differences

to reach a goal acceptable towards both

Parties.

Obliging style

This style summarises Low concern for self and

high concern for others. This is also as

accommodating people’s needs. This style is

highly known for emphasizing there formation

for the purpose of satisfying the other party.

Dominating style

This style summarises the system of narcissism

dominating low level subordinates though an

autocratic style. The narcissist will use a win-

lose formation towards conflict management

by using a structure of power towards the

warring party. The style is extremely Dogmatic

towards the subordinate imposing an

accumulation of no concern for an individual’s

feelings.

Avoiding style

This style for the individual’s self-esteem and

others which is known as self-suppression. An

individual with this style will avoid conflict at all

costs. Which will summarize back-stepping or

postponing an issue with the rival party for a

number of days until the party contact again.

Compromising style

This style indicates intermediate in concern for

the individuals self-gain and others. It involves

the leadership style of a give-and-take nature

towards management conflict. This may also

accumulate trading concession or seeking a

quick middle group position between the two

parties.

2.3

M2

Part 2

Rahim and Bonoma (1979)

Rahim and Bonoma theory

summarises organizational

conflict by monitoring the

architecture of the individual’s

emotions. Within the public

services e.g. the police will

conflict within immense status

of confrontational situations.

Group conflict can arise within

any moment within the

environment of verbal or

physical violence. For example

the chief of police will have to

identify these five styles of

human anthropology for the

purpose of foreseeing social

conflict within the team of

police officers. The theory

upholds vital keys towards

cultural phenomena which can

endeavour a chain of ethnics

towards battling conflict

management within the work

environment

2.3

D1

How does The Sociological spectrum (2014) help individuals

and organisation in conflict Management work?

The individual that displays narcissistic trait hypothetically”

try’s to rule the roost”. The work place is built on highways of

sociological differences traveling around imitating protons,

electrons and neutrons. We are built upon the status of human

science within the rebounds of society’s changing evolutionary

structure. But a summary of negative emotions can stop are

evolutionary growth leading towards sociological break down if

the world was a negative the positive will be the victims of

extinction. Now if I was to elaborate upon my created theory I

believe that most individuals that are born a negative will only

responded towards a negative within controversial terminology

“power is only fought towards power if that individual lacks

emotion towards hurting an individual’s emotions”. To stop

conflict management within the area of an autocrat you will

have to summarise your status by playing the autocrat at their

own game without using conflict. The autocrat will normally be

a narcissist. Vindictive narcissists are just one vehicle upon the

highway of the Sociological spectrum. You must first catch the

narcissist of guard. This is discovered within the debate of

where David Frost catches Richard Nixon on a lie. If you catch

the narcissist out upon their own logic they feel demeaned and

frightened within their contested of intellectual wit but all

narcissist have a boiling point so be careful of you engagement

with the narcissist. Psych analyzation of the narcissism within

the negative side of the Sociological spectrum helps

organizations e.g. The Public services or corporations to identify

human emotions or Reading lies and bulling type behaviourism.

This will help an individual at the work environment to fight

negative narcissism with positive emotion with the

incorporation of positive wit and a strong poker face. The police

will accumulate a greater knowledge towards conflict

management if the anatomy of human science is educated

toward members of the police department. This will educate the

gift of summarising the world as protons, electrons and

neutrons for the laymen positive and negative entity’s within

the world’s stratosphere.

How to stop the Narcissist:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtkRM0LS

wx8

Fact: Narcissism is created though the

childhood of the affluent or the sociably

neglected. This creates the vehicle of the

negative upon the highway of the sociological

spectrum creating a controversial monopoly

between opposed classes. Narcissism is in fact a

trait of a serial killer the trait was found in (Ted

Bundy) an American serial killer.

2.3

D1.

How does Rahim and Bonoma

(1979) theory help individuals

and organisation in conflict

Management work?

Rahim and Bonoma theory

(1979) elaborates upon two

dimensions of emotions the first

elaborating on the empathy

towards concerning towards

others and the second dimension

summarising the lack of empathy

towards concerning towards

human emotions. Both unlock

five elements of human

leadership skills clashing a

formation of human social

anthropology. How does it deal

with organisational conflict

management within the work

environment? The theory

summarises the dogmatic

totalitarians from the democratic

or non-confrontational

personalities. The theory helps

enterprises or the public service

endeavour the anatomy of

human economics. By

categorizing individuals by their

personality’s configuration such

as Belbin’s Team roles. It

constructs systematic order by

gathering Intel on emotional

actions. While unlocking

hypersonic automation towards

categorizing people into groups

that fit their personality avoiding

conflict with other cultures or

rival personality’s.

2.3

D1

How does The Robbers Cave experiment

help individuals and organisation in

conflict Management work?

The Robbers cave experiment known as

the Realistic conflict Theory elaborates

upon stereotypical completion between

Homo sapiens and fighting for survival

within the era of prehistoric birth. Today

within the 20th century we live within the

survival of ego. This normally leads

towards conflict within large

organisation to the public services. The

experiment displayed two warring

factions over task dynamics within the

common sear antics of young men. Now

this is all in good humour to see people

fighting even within their adult hood

without the affable approach towards

the situation. We can learn an

abundance of techniques from robbers

cave towards individuals within

enterprises or the public service by

presenting a leader towards the group’s

morphology assigning roles towards the

Groups team members ensuring that

every group member has their appointed

view summarised by the leader before it

is placed into action. Summarising the

inventory of Charles Darwin’s

evolutionary theory we are not that

different to animalistic behaviourism. “If

I was to be so crude” I would compare

the transcendence of human culture to

wolfs fighting for survival over food

resources. Summarising the quote

“survival of the fittest”.

harvard referencing

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