tale of the tape: the challengers the south at the start of the civil war rhett butler: i think...
TRANSCRIPT
Tale of the Tape: The ChallengersThe South at the Start of the Civil War
RHETT BUTLER: I think it’s hard winning a war with words, gentlemen.CHARLES: What do you mean, sir?RHETT: I mean, Mr. Hamilton, there’s not a cannon factory in the whole South.MAN: What difference does that make, sir, to a gentleman?RHETT: I’m afraid it’s going to make a great deal of difference to a great many gentlemen, sir.CHARLES: Are you hinting, Mr. Butler, that the Yankees can lick us?RHETT: No, I’m not hinting. I’m saying very plainly that the Yankees are better equipped than we. They’ve got factories, shipyards, coal-mines . . . and a fleet to bottle up our harbors and starve us to death. All we’ve got is cotton, and slaves and . . . arrogance.
Gone With the Wind, 1939
Pit Stop
• What were the Crittenden Amendments
• This state seceded first
• Who was the president of the South?– Government name?
• What did the Compromise of 1850 deal with?
Who was John C. Breckenridge? Why is he important?
What is the Freeport Doctrine?
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today Explain how the firing on Fort Sumter
galvanized North and South for war. Describe the significance of the early
struggle for the border states. Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of
both sides as the war began. Describe the diplomatic struggle for the
sympathies of the European powers. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political
leadership during the war.
South Carolina Secedes?War of Northern Aggression?
• Only 2 Federal forts remain in the South– South seizes other government
buildings
• ________________________– Lincoln is trapped
•
• South Carolina sees it as aggression and fires/captures Ft. Sumter– April 1861
• Throws out the talk of peaceful solutions
More Secession
• After Ft. Sumter more secession
• Border states•
Border states have ________________________• Manufacturing
aspects as well
Border States
Lincoln’s Goal is to ______________________ Declares
_______________________ Sends troops to MO and western
VA
5 Civilized Tribes Sided with the _______________
Confederate government promises to make federal payments to them
Sends troops to Confederate army
Border States
North’s Purpose for the War:
A People’s History of the United StatesHoward Zinn Lincoln could argue with lucidity and passion
against slavery on moral grounds, while acting cautiously in practical politics. He believed ‘that the institution of slavery is founded on injustice and bad policy but that the promulgation of abolition doctrines trends to increase rather than abate its evils.’
Lincoln read the Constitution strictly, to mean that Congress, because of the 10th amendment, could not constitutionally bar slavery in the states.
Campaign Speech in Northern IllinoisAbraham Lincoln, 1858
In his 1858 campaign in Illinois for the Senate against Stephen Douglas, Lincoln spoke differently depending on the views of his listeners (and also perhaps on how close it was to the election).
“Let us discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man, this race and that race and the other race being inferior, and therefore they must be placed in an inferior position. Let us discard all these things, and unite as one people throughout this land, until we shall once more stand up declaring that all men are created equal.”
Campaign Speech in Southern IllinoisAbraham Lincoln, 1858 I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have
been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people.. . .
And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.
Divided We Fall…
• Many volunteers in the North to the South– Why?
• Many volunteers in the South to the North– 300,000
• Many families were split apart– Lincoln had 4
brothers-in-law fight for the Confederacy
Foreign Aid
• Trent Affair, 1861•
• Alabama–
• Britain eventually stops because they realize they are setting a dangerous precedent
Foreign Aid South needed help to win
Most of Europe ruling classes are ______________ Hate ____________
Working class were for the North Couldn’ t vote but ruling class didn’t
want to anger them
High unemployment in Britain at the start of the war Lincoln
Unemployment relief
Foreign Flare Ups• France
– Napoleon III _____________________– Why is that an issue?
– US remains careful until the end of the war• Napoleon takes back
support and Max is taken out
• Canada– Canadians plan to
burn/steal from Northern cities
– Irish get together groups and go invade Canada
– Dominion of Canada is created by Britain
Askin’ All Them Questions
Who are the 2 presidents?
What is Lincoln’s dilemma with Ft. Sumter?
Who are the Border states?
What is transcendentalism?
What is the Missouri Compromise?
Making Statements, Assuming
What do you think the advantages of the South will be going into the Civil War?
What does this remind you of?
The Tale of the Tape
The South:
Tale of the Tape Confederate Government
Can’t ___________________ Some states only want troops
to fight within their borders
Jefferson Davis Wanted a ___________ central
government Opposed
Was a good speaker, but butted heads with his cabinet/Congress
Didn’t listen to public opinion Nervous breakdowns Hard to handle military and
diplomatic handlings
South Finances During the War
Crushed
Blockade and destruction 30% of nation’s wealth, 1861 12% of nation’s wealth, 1870
Other Issues Ripped up lines to repair others Window weights used for
bullets Gourds were made into dishes
South’s Military Strategy
Raising Troops
Southern Army Volunteer at first Had to go to
conscription sooner than the North Why?
Hiring of substitutes was allowed
Slaveowners with 20 or more slaves could be exempted
Raising Money: South
Customs duties Were cut off by Northern blockade
Bonds Netted $400,000,000
Taxes
Paper money
Tale of the Tape
• Northern strengths strongly outweigh Southern strengths in the long run
• What Ifs– Border states
seceded– Uncertain states like
IL, IN, OH seceded– Early defeats lead to
an armistice?– Britain/France help
the South
Askin’ All Them Questions What is conscription
Explain the quote “Rich man’s war…poor man’s fight”
What were some advantages for the South? Disadvantages?
Fort Sumter
What is habeas corpus? Who got rid of it? Why?
Gone With the Wind:The South’s Chances
Tale of the Tape: Defending Civil War ChampionsThe North at the Beginning of the Civil War
"In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail”
Union General William T. Sherman
Askin’ All Them Questions
What is conscription
Where did large draft riots take place?
Who? Why?
Explain the quote “Rich man’s war…poor man’s fight”
What were some advantages for either side?
What is habeas corpus? Who got rid of it? Why?
• Who are the 2 presidents?
• What is Lincoln’s dilemma with Ft. Sumter?
• Who are the Border states?
Primary Source Daily:
If the telegraph speaks truth, for the first time in our history the slave has chosen a President of the United States. . . . Not an Abolitionist, hardly an antislavery man, Mr. Lincoln consents to represent an antislavery idea. A pawn on the political chessboard, his value is in his position; with fair effort, we may soon change him for knight, bishop or queen, and sweep the board. (Applause)
~Wendell Smith speech after Election Day 1860
What We’re Talking About Today: Indicate the strengths and weaknesses
of both sides as the war began. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’ political
leadership during the war. Describe the curtailment of civil liberties
caused by the war
Tale of the Tape
The North
Tale of the Tape
• Government–
• Abraham Lincoln
Union Military Strategy
Anaconda Strategy Slowly suffocate the
South with a blockade Liberate slaves in the
South
Seize the Mississippi River
Cut the South in half
Send troops through Carolina and Georgia
Decapitate it by taking Richmond
Engage everywhere possible Grant’s idea
Raising Money: North
Taxes
Customs duties
Paper Money $450,000,000 issued
Bonds 2,500,000
National Banking System
Boom Time in the North
New Factories What would’ve
helped them?
Development of _______________
Labor Saving Machines
Petroleum Found in PA, 1859
Pioneers move west Free land in
Homestead Act, 1862
Women During the War
New opportunities for women Clerks Manufacturers
400 posed as male soldiers Spies
Nurses
Organized fundraisers
America: The Story of UsClara Barton
Tale of the Tape Lincoln and the
Constitution
Questionable actions
PSD
Raising Troops
North
Bounty Brokers Enlisted multiple times
to collect signing bonuses
Draft riots, NYC, 1863 Irish Lasted for 4 days 2,000 killed
A People’s History of the United StatesHoward Zinn
Behind the secession of the South from the Union, after Lincoln was elected President in the fall of 1860 as candidate of the new Republican party, was a long series of policy clashes between South and North.
The clash was not over slavery as a moral institution-most northerners did not care enough about slavery to make sacrifices for it, certainly not the sacrifice of war. It was not a clash of peoples (most northern whites were not economically favored, not politically powerful; most southern whites were poor farmers, not decision makers) but of elites.
The northern elite wanted economic expansion-free land, free labor, a free market, a high protective tariff for manufacturers, a bank of the United States. The slave interests opposed all that; they saw Lincoln and the Republicans as making continuation of their pleasant and prosperous way of life impossible in the future.
Making Statements
Naming of the Civil War
The different sides had different names for some of the battles
North
South
Also reflected in ______________
Battle of First Bull Run / Manassas Junction July 1861
Lincoln wants to try his unready troops Demonstrate Union
power Could lead to fall of
Richmond Only 100 miles away
Congressmen and spectators showed up Brought lunch pails
and carriages
Battle of First Bull Run / Manassas Junction Union does well at the
beginning of the battle
__________________ holds the line for the South Like a stone wall
Results 5,000 total casualties _______________________
______ Made South more
confident Some Southern soldiers
deserted thinking that the war was over
Southern enlistments dropped
Askin’ All Them Questions
Why are there different names for certain battles? One example.
What was the North’s strategy to win the war?
What happened with the Trent?
What was the Alabama? What are the possible consequences of it?
Abraham Lincoln suspended this right in order to preserve the Union.
What were Southern advantages during the Civil War?
What were the Border states?
What happened at Ft. Sumter? Why was Lincoln faced with a dilemma?
Who is Maximillian? Why is he put in?
What is conscription?
John Green Crash Course #20:The Civil War, Part 1
Why is calling it “Blue v. Gray” a misnomer?
What effect did the Civil War have on the size of the federal government
How did religion play a role in the Civil War?
Was the result of the war a foregone conclusion?
The South Rises!The Civil War 1861-1863“If General McCllelan isn’t going to use his army, I’d
like to borrow it for some time.”~Abraham Lincoln
Askin’ All Them Questions1. Why are there different
names for certain battles?
2. What was the North’s strategy to win the war?
3. What happened with the Trent?
4. What were the Northern advantages going into the Civil War?
5. Abraham Lincoln suspended this right in Maryland. Why did he do it?
6. What were Southern advantages during the Civil War?
7. What were the Border states?
8. What happened at Ft. Sumter? Why was Lincoln faced with a dilemma?
9. Who is Maximillian? What idea does it challenge?
10. What is conscription? Explain the statement, “Rich man’s war. Poor man’s fight.”
Primary Source Daily
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today Describe the early military failures of the
North. Explain the significance of the battles of
Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg.
America: The Story of UsWomen Factory Workers
George McCllelan & the Peninsula West Point grad
Fought in M-A war
Command of Army of Potomac Hated to sacrifice
troops A “players coach” Overcautious
Always thought he was outnumbered
Constantly drills his army without doing anything Lincoln tells him to
move forward
George McCllelan & the Peninsula McCllelan decides to
take a water approach, Spring 1861 After a month of
fighting the Union captures Yorktown Wasn’t defended well…
shouldn’t have taken that long
Lincoln diverts troops to chase after Stonewall Jackson
Lee counter-attacks __________________, June
1862 Union ends up
retreating
Results of Peninsula Campaign
South…winning (duh) Lee loses 20,000 McCllelan looses 10,000
McCllelan removed from command Temporarily
Lincoln
If Richmond had fallen Union restored with
slavery?
Battles on the Sea
What is Northern strategy? Concentrated only on largest
ports
Blockade running Britain says its up to you Profitable Rendezvous in the British
Bahamas British later use this strategy in
WW1
___________________________ _________________________ Monitor was the Union
response Two ships fought to a
standstill South eventually destroys
theirs to keep it away from the North
END of wooden ships
The South is Rising
Second Battle of Bull Run, August 1862 Lee attacked Union
general Pope CSA wins convincingly
Effects of South winning early Infighting in the North
Example? Lincoln is pressured to
act on slavery Why?
The South is Rising
Lee decides to _______________ Bring MD into the
South Encourage foreign
intervention
General Lee heads towards Antietam Creek in Maryland…(cue duh duh duh duh music)
Askin’ All Them Questions
What was the Merrimack? Effect?
What was the Peninsula Campaign?
Describe George McCllelan?
What happened at the 1st Bull Run?
Battle of Antietam
September 1862 McCllelan is restored
to command
Union troops find a copy of Lee’s battle plan
McCllelan is able to stop Lee’s advance
Lee retreats McCllelan lets him go
Effects of Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest day of the war 4,000 dead
The South was on the verge of winning the war
History Channel
http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-antietam/videos#the-battle-of-antietam
John Green Crash Course #19Battles of the Civil War
What does the style of this Crash Course tell you about military history?
Who was the back and forth at the beginning good for short term? Long term?
1863: Turning PointsHushed and grim. Atlanta turned. Painful eyes towards the far away little town of
Gettysburg; and page of history waited for three days while two nations came to death grips on the farm lands of Pennsylvania.~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind
Askin’ All Them Questions
1. What was the Merrimack?
1. Effect?
2. What was the Peninsula Campaign?
3. Describe George McClellan:
4. What happened at the 1st Bull Run?
5. What was Thomas Jackson’s nickname? Where did he get it?
6. This was the bloodiest single day of battle during the Civil War:
7. Why did Lee want to go to MD?
8. What was the Confederate capital city?
9. What is habeas corpus? Why was it suspended?
10. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today Explain the significance of the battles of
Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg. Describe the political struggle between
Lincoln’s Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln felt it was right Border states were secured Had a victory to hang his hat
on Issued on September 23, 1862
Official on Jan. 1, 1863
What Did it Do?
Strengthened morale Did away with
____________________
Emancipation Proclamation
Public reaction
Richard HofstadterGreat Issues in American History“It was only as the war grew more bitter, the casualties mounted, desperation to win heightened, and the criticism of the abolitionists threatened to unravel the tattered coalition behind Lincoln that he began to act against slavery. Like a delicate barometer, he recorded the trend of pressures, and as the Radical pressure increased he moved toward the left. Wendell Phillips said that if Lincoln was able to grow ‘it is because we have watered him.’
The Emancipation Proclamation had all moral grandeur of a bill of lading. The London Spectator wrote concisely, “The principle is not that a human being cannot justly own another, but that he cannot own him unless he is loyal to the United States.”
African Americans in the Civil War
At the beginning Only the US navy
allowed enrollment Cooks
After the EP and enlistment #s were low they were accepted
180,000
Why serve?
Slaves in Confederate Army
Howard ZinnA People’s History of the United States With the Proclamation, the Union army was open to
blacks. And the more blacks entered the war, the more it appeared a war for their liberation. The more whites had to sacrifice, the more resentment there was, particularly among poor whites in the North…
So the draft riots of 1863 took place, uprisings of angry whites in northern cities, their targets not the rich, far away, but the blacks, near at hand. It was an orgy of death and violence.
A black man in Detroit described what he saw: a mob, with kegs of beer on wagons, armed with clubs and bricks, marching through the city, attacking black men, women, children. He heard one man say: "If we are got to be killed up for Negroes then we will kill every one in this town."
Prelude to Gettysburg
Prologue
Burnside replaces McClellan Attacked Lee at
Fredericksburg, VA Loses 10,000
Battle of Chancellorsville Burnside gives the duty
to Hooker Lee divides his inferior
army into two and flanks Hooker
Lee wins? Stonewall Jackson is
shot and dies of friendly fire
Gettysburg Trailer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Usg_Lh0UyMc
Gettysburg
Lee wanted to follow up Chancellorsville with going into PA
Foreign intervention?
Meade replaces Hooker and takes his army to Gettysburg, PA 92,000 (USA) 76,000 (CSA)
Why does Lee stop in Gettysburg? What does this show?
Battle lasts for 3 days Pickett’s charge is the final
blow
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR
Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address Dedicate the
cemetery to those that had fallen 51,000 wounded,
killed, captured, missing
Two minute speech that got little attention Four score and
seven years ago…
Gettysburg Address Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndmcgAsA1aI
Askin’ All Them Questions
What is the turning pint of the Civil War?
Why Gettysburg?
What happened at Chancellorsville?
What is the bloodiest single day of the war?
Battle for the West
US Grant Mediocre student Alcoholic
Fort Donelson & Fort Henry Grant’s first big wins Keeps KY as a
border state and he asks for unconditional surrender from TN
Battle for the West
Battle of Shiloh April, 1862 Was an important
junction of Confederate railroads
CSA is able to hold off Grant Shows that the battles
in the West are also not going to be easy
New Orleans Spring 1862 North got control of MS
River Major supply line
Divide the South into two fronts
Battle for the West
Vicksburg
Effects of Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Making Statements
Political Divisions in the North
Political infighting Republicans
Didn’t trust Lincoln on abolition
Evidence? Democrats
No leader Douglas dies 7 weeks before
Ft. Sumter War Democrats
Supported Lincoln Copperheads
Charles Vallandigham Convicted of treason Banished to the CSA
Man Without a Country
Don’t Change Horses…
Lincoln (R) or (U)
“Don’t change horses in the middle of a stream”
George McClellan (D) Denouncing the war
as a failure
The Nail in the Coffin for the South… War sways election
Lincoln wins 212-21 2.2 million votes 1.8 million votes
With Lincoln re-elected South loses hope of winning Desertions increase
sharply
John Green Crash Course #20:The Civil War, Part 1
What made Grant the first modern military leader?
How was the end of the Civil War ensured with an election? Explain your
answer
The Coolest Part of the Civil War…
Where? Virginia’s Rappahannock Valley
When? January 29, 1863
What Happened? 1st & 4th Texas Infantry Division
sneak attacked the 5th Infantry Division
Then they combine forces and attack the 3rd Division
How Big Did it Get? 10,000 people participated
What Stopped It? Commanding officers because
soldiers were packing snowballs with ammunition
APUSH Reader:A Confederate Slave http://
opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/24/a-slaves-service-in-the-confederate-army/?smid=fb-share&_r=0
Describe how this fits into the historical narrative of this Unit
What issue did the Silas family have? Were they right?
The Night They Drove Ole Dixie Down:The End of the Civil War
“And the Wind swept through Georgia…Sherman! To split the Confederacy, to leave it crippled and forever humbled, the Great Invader marched . . . leaving behind him a
path of destruction sixty miles wide, from Atlanta to the sea. . . .” ~Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind
Askin’ All Them Questions
1. What was the Merrimack?
1. Effect?
2. What was the Peninsula Campaign?
3. Describe George McClellan:
4. What happened at the 1st Bull Run?
5. What was Thomas Jackson’s nickname? Where did he get it?
6. This was the bloodiest single day of battle during the Civil War:
7. Why did Lee want to go to MD?
8. What was the Confederate capital city?
9. What is habeas corpus? Why was it suspended?
10. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Primary Source DailyA Proclamation: September 22, 1862 That on the 1st day of January AD 1863,
all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall be then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward and forever free.
Primary Source Daily:Copperhead Party—In Favor of a Vigorous Prosecution of Peace
What We’re Talking About Today… Describe the political struggle between
Lincoln’s Union Party and the antiwar Copperheads.
Describe the problems of Reconstruction facing the nation in 1865.
Gone With the Wind: Sherman
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Upp7pSSo-WE
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Conquest of Georgia
Purpose
Effects Shortened the war
Sherman’s March to the Sea
After Savannah Sherman marches North
South Carolina Worse than in
Georgia Believed SC started it
Burned the capital of SC
North Carolina
America: The Story of UsSherman’s March
Pop Culture Moment:New Years Dinner http://www.macon
.com/2014/01/01/2855555/the-story-behind-traditional-new.html
Askin’ All Them Questions
This general was responsible for conquering the Western front
What battle did Grant win on the same day as Gettysburg Effect?
This person captured Atlanta His motives
Bloodiest single day of battle
1st land battle
Champion of the West
Grant replaces Meade Failure to pursue Lee Lincoln wanted a
general who had the nerve to ____________________
Grant’s plan Attack enemy on all
fronts so they can’t help each other
Wilderness Campaign May to June 1864 Grant surges to
______________ 50,000 Union
casualties
The Night They Drove Ole Dixie Down February 1865
Southerners try to negotiate a settlement Lincoln demands
emancipation
Capture of Richmond
Lincoln visits Richmond Escort of soldiers Black slaves greet
him in the streets
Grant v. Lee: Court of Public Opinion Grant
Rate of loss was 1:10 soldiers
Lee
Lee turns the war into a war of ______________ Lee didn’t have
enough people to be offensive
Grant figured now he just has to outlast Lee
History Channel
http://www.history.com/videos/surrender-at-appomattox-courthouse#surrender-at-appomattox-courthouse
Askin’ All Them Questions
Where did Lee surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African Americans participated during the war
What did the EP do?
Aftermath of the War
Southern Attitudes After the War Many remained
defiant Believed their
view of secession was correct
Howard ZinnA People’s History of the United States The Civil War was one of the bloodiest in
human history up to that time: 600,000 dead on both sides, in a population of 30 million-the equivalent, in the United States of 1978, with a population of 250 million, of 5 million dead.
Making Statements
John Green Crash Course #21Civil War, Part 2
How did the Civil War change our view of death?
Why is Brady like Photoshop? What was the main effect of his work
What is the biggest impact of the Civil War according to John?
Explain your answer
What implications did the North winning have?
What is the significance of singularizing the United States
How did the Civil War make us into the nation we’ve become?
Sic Semper TyranusThe Beginning of reconstruction
“Sic semper tyranus! The South is avenged!”~John Wilkes Booth
Askin’ All Them Questions
Where did Lee surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African Americans participated during the war
What did the EP do?
Where did Lee surrender?
Why did Lincoln pick Grant?
What did Sherman do?
Describe how African Americans participated during the war
What did the EP do?
Primary Source Daily:Abraham Lincoln Second Inaugural Address With malice toward none, with charity
for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
What We’re Talking About Today: Describe the problems of Reconstruction
facing the nation in 1865. Analyze the differences between the
presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction.
Describe and explain how the mistakes of President Johnson and the white South opened the door to radical Reconstruction policies.
Aftermath of the War
Southern Attitudes After the War
Now the Ages Have Him
Impeach Lincoln?
Now the Ages Have Him
April 15, 1865
Ford’s Theatre Date night with
his wife My American
Cousin
John Wilkes Booth
Now the Ages Have Him
Martyrdom
Increased bitterness in the North
Many realize later that his _______________ towards the end of the war would have been beneficial to the South
Disney The American PresidentsAbraham Lincoln
Conspirator Trailer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XhOq5zp6j4
The Second Civil War
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIC8ifQlDVY
Freedmans Bureau
Emancipation Happens unevenly throughout the
South Union forces would emancipate only for
them to forcefully be renslaved Some wanted to remain loyal to their
owners All were eventually forced to
emancipate
Reactions Wanted to be called Mr. or Mrs. Searched for long-lost relatives Moved to look for opportunities
Churches African American churches grew Protection of emancipation
Education Freedman built schools but couldn’t find
qualified teachers Got white women missionaries
Freedman’s Bureau
Why? Many blacks were
unskilled labor They didn’t know how
to survive on their own
What Provide
Organized the African American vote to the ____________________
Ex-slave states divided into districts
Freedman’s Bureau
Successes 200,000 became literate
Wanted to read the Bible Close the gap
Failures Were supposed to be
settled on tracts of 40 acres “40 acres and a mule”
Local administrators collaborated with former plantation owners
End Many feared end of white
supremacy Because it was used by the
Republicans increased animosity
Askin’ All Them Questions
What was the period of reforms after the Civil War called?
Created to give aid to former slaves
Describe the progression of emancipation
Why did the Freedman’s Bureau fail?
Who is Andrew Johnson?
Characteristics Poor family from NC Orphaned Never went to school Indentured servant Hot-tempered,
stubborn
Vice President Johnson Why? Typhoid
Who is Andrew Johnson?
Political Beliefs
Enemies of Johnson North
He was a Southerner who didn’t understand
South He was a sellout
Democrat Never accepted by the
Republicans People
He was never chosen by the people
Presidential Reconstruction
10% Plan
• Congress turns it down– Feared – Reenslavement of African
Americans
Congressional Response
• Wade-Davis Bill, 1864–
• Republicans–
–
• Lincoln pocket vetoes the measure– Refused to sign it after
Congress left so it expired
Moderate v. Radical
• Moderate Republicans– Agreed with Lincoln
that the South didn’t leave
– Wanted the South readmitted under Congress’ terms
• Radical Republicans•
Andrew Johnsons Plan
• Andrew Johnson Plan
•
• Any state complying would be admitted swiftly
Congressional Reconstruction
Confederates
What About the 3/5 Compromise?
How would the South having more power change things Re-enslavement? Lower tariffs? Reroute
transcontinental railroad?
Repeal the Homestead Act?
Cancel the national debt?
Johnson v. Congress
14th Amendment
Johnson urges Southern states to reject amendment
Johnson v. Congress
December 1865 13th amendment
Johnson = Union is good
February 1866 Vetoes Freedman’s
Bureau Why? (try to remember
Disney quote)
March 1866 Civil rights bill is passed
giving full citizenship to blacks
Johnson v. Congress
April 1866 Johnson vetoes CR
Bill Congress overrides
it 2/ vote
June Push for a
Constitutional amendment Why?
Johnson v. Congress
Congressional elections 1866
Radical Republicans
Moderates Minority of Republicans Wanted to protect
states’ rights
Johnson v. Congress
Reconstruction by the sword
Johnson v. Congress
Steps to Readmission
15th amendment
Southern states readmitted in 1870
The Civil Rights Amendments 13th
Abolished slavery
14th
Equal rights for all citizens
15th Protected the
right to vote
Writing Practice
The South should have been dealt with harshly to punish them for the Civil War
John Green Crash Course #22:Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 What was the first
overridden Presidential veto?
What views informed Johnson’s actions as President? What is an
example?
We Won’t Be Reconstructed!Southern Response to Reconstruction
“The tide of change rose and then receded, but it left behind an altered landscape.” ~Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution
Askin’ All Them Questions
1. What was the Freedman’s Bureau?
2. What was the 10% plan?
3. Explain “Sic semper tyranus”
4. This person assassinated Lincoln
5. Explain Andrew Johnson’s views on civil rights and the political system:
6. What was the 13th amendment?
7. Why would the South get more votes in Congress after the 13th amendment?
8. Where did General Lee surrender?
9. What were the Black Codes?
10. What type of agriculture did most blacks engage in during the post-Civil War era?
Primary Source Daily
What We’re Talking About Today: Analyze the differences between the
presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction.
Describe and explain how the mistakes of President Johnson and the white South opened the door to radical Reconstruction policies.
Two Most Hated Groups in the South Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
The Redeemers!
What was Johnson’s position on disenfranchising several former Confederates?
The Carpetbaggers!
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xmj8n9_the-carpetbagger-from-gone-with-the-wind-1939_shortfilms
Some Positives of Reconstruction
Most Northern states didn’t let blacks vote before the 15th amendment
Union League Black political clubs Organized for GOP Expanded to help socially
Blacks in Office Sat down with whites to
hammer out Constitution Began being elected to
office 2 Senators, 14
Representatives Served in state
governments
The South Fights Back…
Ku Klux Klan
Force Bill 1870
The National Government Tries to Help…• Civil Rights Act
1875–
The Rise of Jim Crow Conditions
Second Civil War: Black Codes
• A ___________
• Southern states immediately following Civil War
• Intent•
Slavery Without Submission
Blacks were forced into sharecropping and tenant farming Some former masters A farmer cultivating land owned
by someone else in return for rent
Crop lien system Farmer could buy food/supplies
on credit Right to hold another’s property until
debt is met
Slavery Without Submission
Burden of African Americans Had trouble being
______________________ No capital of their own
Many became ________________
Oppressive laws
A People’s History of the United StatesHoward Zinn Abandoned planters, however, were
leased to former planters and to white men of the North. As one colored newspaper said: “The slaves were made serfs and chained to the soil…Such was the boasted freedom acquired by the colored man at the hands of the Yankee.
Jim Crow Becomes Legit
• Plessey v. Ferguson, 1896– Homer Plessey
• Light-skinned African American
• Volunteered to be a plaintiff
• Test constitutionality of Separate Car Act
• Bought a ticket to whites only car– Made sure to tell
conductor he was mixed
• Refused to move and was arrested
Jim Crow Becomes Legit
• Supreme Court upheld the Louisiana Law– • Even though the
facilities were never equal
–
Now, the South Takes Away the Vote…
Failure to enforce voting laws leads to disenfranchisement
Methods used to disenfranchise
Big Picture
Reactions Southerners deeply
offended
Positives Gave us much needed
reforms (schools)
Negatives Corruption began to take
hold in state governments Both North and South
Development of political machines
Violence and intimidation kept reforms from being effective
Legacy of Reconstruction
Nobody knew what it would be like
Republicans Wanted to ensure liberties
for free blacks Help the Republican Party
No real benefit
Reconstruction goes bad because Deep rooted racism Loyalty to popular
sovereignty (generic) Increasing indifference in
the North
John Green Crash Course #22:Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 What do the Black
Codes show us?
Why did states have a lot of leeway?
What is a big deal about freedom and the national government?
Why did Republican governments fail in the South?
Wait…Disney did what?
The North Throws in the Towel:The End of Reconstruction
“Northern politicians began to weigh the advantage of the political support of impoverished blacks…against a most stable situation of a South returned to white
supremacy, accepting Republican dominance and business legislation.”
~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States
Today in History…
• Agreement in principle for Treaty of Paris, 1782
• Mark Twain is born, 1835
• Thriller is released, 1982
• Ken Jennings loses at Jeopardy, 2004• 2.5 million
Review
1. What was the Freedman’s Bureau?
2. What was the 10% plan?
3. Explain “Sic semper tyranus”
4. This person assassinated Lincoln
5. Explain Andrew Johnson’s views on civil rights and the political system:
6. What was the 13th amendment?
7. Why would the South get more votes in Congress after the 13th amendment?
8. Where did General Lee surrender?
9. What were the Black Codes?
10. What type of agriculture did most blacks engage in during the post-Civil War era?
Primary Source Daily
Primary Source Daily
“The slaves were made serfs and chained to the soil…Such was the boasted freedom acquired by the colored man at the hands of the Yankee.”
Johnson v. the World
Tenure of Office Act, 1867
Johnson fires Stanton He was appointed by
Lincoln
Radical Republicans draw up ______________________ High crimes and
misdemeanors Disgrace, ridicule,
hatred
Johnson is impeached on Feb. 24, 1968
Johnson v. the World
Johnson avoids ___________________
Why?
People didn’t like the President Pro Tempore of the Senate
Johnson promised to play nice
Results Showed country was
___________ Avoided a dangerous
precedent
Seward’s Folly
Russia wants to sell ____________ Overextended Thought they would
lose it to Britain anyway
An economic liability
William Seward buys it for 7 million Russia had been
friendly during Civil War
A lot of resources could be there
Pit Stop
Why was Johnson impeached?
What is the process for impeachment?
What were the Black Codes?
What was Lincoln’s plan for reinstatement?
Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant (R)
Thought a general would make a good president
Most popular Secretary of War No political knowledge Reconstruction of the South
under federal/military guidance
Horatio Seymour (D) Denounced military
reconstruction Debate over bonds
Eastern: gold Midwestern: greenbacks
Grant wins 214-80
Panic of 1873
Debtors People that owed money Wanted more paper
money What political party
Creditors People that were owed
money Wants the government to
take in money
Grant’s Policy: Contraction Money based on gold Little paper money
What 1873 Felt Like…
“The cities…were death traps of typhus, tuberculosis, hunger and fire. In New York, 100,000 people lived in the cellars of the slums; 12,00 women worked in prostitution to avoid hunger; the garbage, lying 2 feet deep in the streets, was alive with rats. In Philadelphia, while the rich got fresh water from the Schuylkill River, everyone else drank form the Delaware, into which 13,000,000 gallons of waste were dropped everyday.”
~Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States
The Closest Election EVERRRRR: 1876 Republicans
Rutherford B. Hayes Governor of important
swing-state Keep this in mind
Democrats Samuel Tilden
Got fame exposing Boss Tweed in NY
Greenback Party Peter Cooper
What would they be in favor of?
The Closest Election EVERRRR
Issues in the election Civil Service Reform An end of
Reconstruction
Mudslinging
Democratic Strategy
The Closest Election EVERRR Nobody gets a majority of
electoral votes At this point 185
Today 270
Tilden 184 Wins popular vote by
250,000 4% of the population
1.2 million today
Hayes 166
3 states send two sets of electors Florida, South Carolina, LA Due to voting irregularities
The Closest Election EVERRR
Compromise of 1877
Electoral Count Act
The Closest Election EVERRR
Democratic Reaction Very upset thought it was
stolen
Republicans concede
Deal holds on log enough for Hayes to be inaugurated 3 days
A People’s History of the United StatesHoward Zinn “Northern politicians began to weigh the
advantage of the political support of impoverished blacks—maintained in voting and office only by force—against eh most stable situation of a South returned to white supremacy, accepting Republican dominance and business legislation.”
Disney The American Presidents:Andrew Johnson
John Green Crash Course #22:Reconstruction & the Election of 1876 How did Hayes ensure
support of the super committee?
How did the Compromise of 1877 kill Reconstruction?
What was the lesser known legacy of Reconstruction?
What question regarding capitalism does John raise? What is your opinion?
Making Statements