table 3 - springer static content server10.1007... · web view3,743 = 4.09, p =0.017). table s 2.5....

A. Salisbury et al. 2017. Enhancing gardens as habitats for invertebrates 1

Online Resource 2: Further details of Results

Enhancing gardens as habitats for plant-associated invertebrates: should we plant native or

exotic species?

Andrew Salisbury1*, Sarah Al-Beidh1, James Armitage1, Stephanie Bird1/2, Helen Bostock1, Anna

Platoni1, Mark Tatchell3, Ken Thompson4, Joe Perry5

1 Royal Horticultural Society, RHS Garden Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB, UK

2 Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue,

London, SW15 4JD

3Laurels Farm, Oborne, Sherborne, Dorset, DT9 4LA, UK

4 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10

2TN, UK

5 Oaklands Barn, Lug’s Lane, Broome, Norfolk, NR35 2HT, UK

*E-mail: [email protected]

Contents

Table S2.1: Fitted regressions for total abundance Herbivores for native (N),

near-native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments

4

Table S2.2: Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivores (sucking) for native

(N), near-native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments.

6

Table S2.3: Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivores (chewing) for

native (N), near-native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments.

8

Table S2.4: Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivore (generalist) for


10

Table S2.5: Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbiovore (specalist) for


12

Table S2.6: Fitted regressions for abundance of Predators for native (N), near- 14

mailto:[email protected]


native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments.

Table S2.7: Fitted regressions for abundance of Predators (excluding

Araenidae & Parasitica) for native (N), near-native (Z) and exotic

(E) treatments.

16

Table S2.8: Fitted regressions for abundance Parasitica for native (N), near-

native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments.

18

Table S2.9: Fitted regression of abundance Araneae (web-spinners) for native


20

Table S2.10: Fitted regressions for abundance of Araneae (hunters) for native


22

Table S2.11: Fitted regressions for abundance Detritivoure/fungivoures for


24

Table S2.12: Fitted regressions for abundance of Omnivoures for native (N),

near-native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments.

26

Fig. S2.1: Dependence of abundance of Herbivores on plant canopy. 5

Fig. S2.2: Dependence of abundance of Herbivores (sucking) on plant

canopy.

7

Fig. S2.3: Dependence of abundance of plant inhabiting invertebrate

Herbivores (chewing) on plant canopy.

9

Fig. S2.4: Dependence of abundance of Herbivore (generalist) on plant

canopy.

11

Fig. S2.5: Dependence of Herbivore (specialist) on plant canopy. 13

Fig. S2.6: Dependence of abundance of Predators on plant canopy. 15

Fig. S2.7: Dependence of abundance of Predators (excluding Araneidae &

Parasitica) on plant canopy.

17

Fig. S2.8: Dependence of abundance of Parasitica on plant canopy. 19

Fig. S2.9: Lack of dependence of abundance of Araneae (web-spinners) on

canopy cover.

21

Fig. S2.10: Dependence of Araneae (hunters) on canopy cover. 23


Fig. S2.11: Dependence of abundance of Detritivores on plant canopy. 25

Fig. S2.12: Dependence of abundance of Omnivores on plant canopy. 27


Appendix S1: Further details of Results

Table S2.1 Fitted regressions for total abundance of Herbivores for native (N), near-native (Z) and

exotic (E) treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted values from the best-fitting model,

three parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of differences between the intercepts of the

linear relationships for the three treatments, with probability level given by P intercept. All F-statistics

for intercepts have 2,m degrees of freedom where m>100. No corresponding values of F-statistics are

given for slopes because these were always non-significant.

TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.37

0.27

0.28

0.058 1.66 0.19 0.20 0.12

2011

N

Z

E

0.29

0.28

0.16

0.084 2.38 0.095 0.52 0.12

2012

N

Z

E

0.23

0.28

0.17

0.083 1.97 0.14 0.36 0.11

2013

N

Z

E

0.31

0.22

0.16

0.12 1.89 0.15 0.63 0.14

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.25

0.22

0.16

0.039 4.86 0.008 0.51 0.54


Fig. S2.1. Dependence of abundance of Herbivores on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for Herbivores (n = 3 273), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green,

downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated

intercepts and slope are shown in Table S2.1. The fitted regressions (intercepts) differ (F3,743 = 4.86,

P =0.008).


Table S2.2. Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivores (sucking) for native (N), near-native (Z)

and exotic (E) treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted values from the best-fitting

model, three parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of differences between the

intercepts of the linear relationships for the three treatments, with probability level given by P

intercept. All F-statistics for intercepts have 2,m degrees of freedom where m>100. No corresponding

values of F-statistics are given for slopes because these were always non-significant.

TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

interce

pt

P

interceptEstimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.29

0.16

0.23

0.059 2.28 0.11 0.19 0.12

2011

N

Z

E

0.26

0.22

0.14

0.085 1.82 0.16 0.51 0.13

2012

N

Z

E

0.27

0.29

0.19

0.084 1.90 0.15 0.23 0.11

2013

N

Z

E

0.24

0.13

0.093

0.12 1.76 0.18 0.64 0.15

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.20

0.15

0.11

0.040 3.99 0.019 0.50 0.056


Fig. S2.2. Dependence of abundance of Herbivores (sucking) on plant canopy. Observed data and

fitted regressions for Herbivores (sucking) (n = 2809), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N)

green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated


P =0.019).


Table S2.3. Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivores (chewing) for native (N), near-native (Z)






TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.17

0.17

0.088

0.034 2.77 0.065 -0.015 0.067

2011

N

Z

E

0.012

0.050

-0.012

0.042 1.97 0.14 0.15 0.063

2012

N

Z

E

-0.099

-0.074

-0.079

0.049 0.33 0.72 0.29 0.066

2013

N

Z

E

0.094

0.086

0.0044

0.072 2.13 0.12 0.16 0.086

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.054

0.065

0.019

0.22 3.80 0.023 0.14 0.030


Fig. S2.3. Dependence of abundance of plant inhabiting invertebrate Herbivores (chewing) on plant

canopy. Observed data and fitted regressions for plant inhabiting invertebrate Herbivores (chewing) (n

= 463), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green, downward triangles; near-native (Z)

blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated intercepts and slope are shown in Table

S2.3. The fitted regressions (intercepts) differ (F3,743 = 3.80, P =0.023).


Table S2.4. Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbivore (generalist) for native (N), near-native (Z)






TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.11

0.050

0.039

0.035 2.40 0.094 0.14 0.069

2011

N

Z

E

-0.010

-0.029

-0.037

0.040 0.39 0.68 0.18 0.060

2012

N

Z

E

0.037

0.012

0.020

0.038 0.54 0.59

0.059 0.051

2013

N

Z

E

-0.079

-0.062

-0.17

0.080 2.42 0.093 0.39 0.096

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.046

0.18

-0.005

0.022 4.09 0.017 0.14 0.030


Fig. S2.4. Dependence of abundance of Herbivore (generalist) on plant canopy. Observed data and

fitted regressions for plant inhabiting invertebrate Herbivore (generalist) (n = 387), over all years

2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E)

red, upward triangles. Estimated intercepts and slope are shown in Table. S2.4. The fitted regressions

(intercepts) differ (F3,743 = 4.09, P =0.017).


Table S2.5. Fitted regressions for abundance of Herbiovore (specalist) for native (N), near-native (Z)

and exotic (E) treatments. Differences between intercepts were tested by partial F-tests (F int. with

probablility P int.); similarly for slopes (F slopes with probablility P slopes). All F-statistics have 2,m

degrees of freedom where m>100. For almost all tests, values of both F statistics are non-significant,

indicating that the best-fitting model is a single line with no significant differences between the

treatments.

TreatmentF

int.

P

int.

F slopes P slopes Estimated

interceptSE

Estimate

d slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E0.58 0.56 1.72 0.18 0.093 0.029 0.006 0.061

2011

N

Z

E

0.26 0.77 1.35 0.26 -0.052 0.035 0.20 0.051

2012

N

Z

E

1.47 0.23 0.66 0.52 -0.092 0.41 0.26 0.057

2013

N

Z

E

1.10 0.34 0.28 0.76 -0.0066 0.062 0.22 0.079

All years combined

N

Z

E

1.90 0.15 1.77 0.17 0.002 0.018 0.16 0.027


Fig. S2.5. Dependence of Herbivore (specialist) on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for plant inhabiting invertebrate Herbivore (specialist) abundance (n = 338), over all years


red, upward triangles. Estimated intercept and slope are shown in Table S2.5. The fitted regression is

significant (F1,746 = 33.04, P < 0.001) and is the same for all three treatments.


Table S2.6. Fitted regressions for abundance of Predators for native (N), near-native (Z) and exotic

(E) treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted values from the best-fitting model, three

parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of differences between the intercepts of the




TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F intercept P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.47

0.35

0.33

0.047 5.19 0.007 0.37 0.093

2011

N

Z

E

0.30

0.28

0.29

0.85 0.07 0.93 0.65 0.085

2012

N

Z

E

0.61

0.48

0.50

0.068 4.79 0.009 0.012 0.091

2013

N

Z

E

0.79

0.70

0.59

0.071 9.17 <0.001 -0.038 0.86

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.51

0.43

0.39

0.029 11.66 <0.001 0.27 0.041


Fig. S2.6. Dependence of abundance of Predators on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for plant inhabiting invertebrate Predators on plant canopy (n = 3143 ), over all years


red, upward triangles. Estimated intercepts and slope are shown in Table S2.6. The fitted regressions

(intercepts) differ (F3,743 = 11.66, P <0.001).


Table S2.7. Fitted regressions for abundance of Predators (excluding Araenidae & Parasitica) for

native (N), near-native (Z) and exotic (E) treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted

values from the best-fitting model, three parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of

differences between the intercepts of the linear relationships for the three treatments, with probability

level given by P intercept. All F-statistics for intercepts have 2,m degrees of freedom where m>100.

No corresponding values of F-statistics are given for slopes because these were always non-

significant.

TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.14

0.11

0.0059

0.035 2.70 0.070

0.042 0.069

2011

N

Z

E

-0.12

-0.15

-0.14

0.044 0.84 0.43 0.32 0.065

2012

N

Z

E

0.12

0.0011

0.023

0.037 3.49 0.032 0.14 0.037

2013

N

Z

E

0.20

0.20

0.068

0.071 5.05 0.008 0.035 0.086

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.071

0.050

0.010

0.021 6.18 0.002 0.12 0.030


Fig. S2.7. Dependence of abundance of Predators (excluding Araneidae & Parasitica) on plant

canopy. Observed data and fitted regressions for plant inhabiting invertebrate predators (excluding

Araneidae & Parasitica) (n = 395), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green, downward

triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated intercepts and

slope are shown in Table S2.7. The fitted regressions (intercepts) differ (F3,743 = 6.18, P = 0.002).


Table S2.8. Fitted regressions for abundance Parasitica for native (N), near-native (Z) and exotic (E)

treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted values from the best-fitting model, three

parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of differences between the intercepts of the




TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.31

0.10

0.13

0.47 12.06 <0.001

0.14 0.092

2011

N

Z

E

-0.10

-0.58

-0.13

0.067 1.02 0.36 0.77 0.099

2012

N

Z

E

0.12

0.025

0.018

0.061 3.68 0.027 0.29 0.082

2013

N

Z

E

0.21

0.10

0.06

0.74 4.83 0.009 0.23 0.089

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.17

0.052

0.040

0.029 16.47 <0.001 0.33 0.041


Fig. S2.8. Dependence of abundance of Parasitica on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for plant inhabiting Parasitica (n = 1137), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N)

green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated


P < 0.001).


Table S2.9. Fitted regression of abundance Araneae (web-spinners) for native (N), near-native (Z)



degrees of freedom where m>100. Values of both F statistics are non-significant, indicating that the

best-fitting model is a single line with no significant differences between the treatments. The

regression is not significant (F1,745 = 0.94, P = 0.332). Similar results obtained for individual years, not

shown.

Treatmen

t

F

int.

P

int.

F

slopes

P

slopes

Estimated

interceptSE

Estimated

slopeSE

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.27 0.76 0.14 0.87 0.27 0.025 0.037 0.038


Fig.S2.9. Lack of dependence of abundance of Araneae (web-spinners) on canopy cover. Observed

data and fitted regressions for plant inhabiting Araneae (web spinners) abundance (n = 1076), over all

years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares;

exotic (E) red, upward triangles. The regression is not significant (F1, 746 = 0.94, P = 0.332). Estimates

of intercept and slope are given in Table S2.9.


Table S2.10. Fitted regressions for abundance of Araneae (hunters) for native (N), near-native (Z)



degrees of freedom where m>100. For almost all tests, values of both F statistics are non-significant,

indicating that the best-fitting model is a single line with no significant differences between the

treatments.

TreatmentF

int.

P

int.

F slopes P slopes Estimated

interceptSE

Estimate

d slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E0.19 0.83 0.03 0.97 0.047 0.30 0.31 0.077

2011

N

Z

E

1.30 0.27 1.17 0.31 0.044 0.051 0.24 0.073

2012

N

Z

E

1.35 0.26 1.42 2.63 0.074 0.10 -0.006 0.059

2013

N

Z

E

0.25 0.78 0.30 0.74 0.21 0.06 -0.026 0.077

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.04 0.96 0.35 0.71 0.11 0.022 0.087 0.032


Fig. S2.10. Dependence of Araneae (hunters) on canopy cover. Observed data and fitted regressions

for plant inhabiting Araneae (hunters) abundance (n = 1 611), over all years 2010–2013 combined.

Native (N) green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles.

Estimated intercepts and slope are shown in Table S2.10. The fitted regression is significant (F1,

746 = 7.31, P = 0.007) and is the same for all three treatments.


Table S2.11. Fitted regressions for abundance Detritivoure/fungivoures for native (N), near-native (Z)






TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

0.72

0.52

0.56

0.082 3.45 0.034 -0.042 0.16

2011

N

Z

E

0.72

0.47

0.62

0.090 7.51 <0.001 0.45 0.13

2012

N

Z

E

1.77

1.55

1.75

0.13 4.64 0.011

-1.05 0.17

2013

N

Z

E

1.45

1.16

1.36

1.44 4.73 0.010 -0.20 0.17

All years combined

N

Z

E

0.82

0.63

0.76

0.047 9.78 <0.001 0.26 0.077


Fig. S2.11. Dependence of abundance of Detritivores on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for plant inhabiting Detritivore/fungivore invertebrates (n = 10 982), over all years 2010–

2013 combined. Native (N) green, downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red,

upward triangles. Estimated intercepts and slope are shown in Table S2.10. The fitted regressions

(intercepts) differ (F 3,743 = 9.78, P < 0.001).


Table S2.12. Fitted regressions for abundance of Omnivoures for native (N), near-native (Z) and

exotic (E) treatments. The estimated intercepts and slope are fitted values from the best-fitting model,

three parallel lines. F intercept is the F-statistic for the test of differences between the intercepts of the




TreatmentEstimated

interceptSE

F

intercept

P

intercept

Estimated

slopeSE

2010

N

Z

E

-0.032

-0.024

-0.016

0.044 0.06 0.94 0.47 0.092

2011

N

Z

E

-0.25

-0.065

-0.17

0.058 9.43 <0.001 0.56 0.085

2012

N

Z

E

-0.020

-0.0098

-0.087

0.051 3.31 0.038 0.24 0.068

2013

N

Z

E

0.045

0.069

0.079

0.058 0.41 0.67 0.080 0.069

All years combined

N

Z

E

-0.0038

0.054

-0.006

0.026 5.39 0.005 0.23 0.036


Fig. S2.12. Dependence of abundance of Omnivores on plant canopy. Observed data and fitted

regressions for everything (n = 572), over all years 2010–2013 combined. Native (N) green,

downward triangles; near-native (Z) blue, squares; exotic (E) red, upward triangles. Estimated

intercepts and slope are shown in Table S2.12. The fitted regressions (intercepts) differ (F 3,743 = 5.39,

P = 0.005).

table 3 - springer static content server10.1007... · web view3,743 = 4.09, p =0.017). table s 2.5....

Documents