system of systems architecting and integration
TRANSCRIPT
System of Systems Architecting and Integration; VisualizingDynamic Behavior and Qualities
by Gerrit Muller TNO-ESI, University of South-Eastern Norway]e-mail: [email protected]
www.gaudisite.nl
Abstract
A major responsibility of architecting and integration is ensuring that desireddynamic behavior and desired qualities emerge from the interaction of compo-nents within the systems, between systems, and between the users andenvironment of the systems. A challenge is that organizational attention tends tobe on the parts structure, which is determining organization, logistics, manufac-turing, and servicing. At the same time, many developers lack the competence tocapture dynamic behavior and the way qualities emerge.
Distribution
This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged.
December 31, 2020status: finishedversion: 0
robot
prealign
clean
master
prefill
clean wafer
0 100b 200b
run
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ieve S
FT
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ieve
ris
ers
retr
ieve
ED
P/L
RP
actual workover operation
48 hrs
24 48 72 96
hours
dis
asse
mb
ly
preparation 36 hrs finishing 27 hrs
stop productionresume
productiondeferred operation 62 hrs
mo
ve
ab
ove
we
ll
mo
ve
aw
ay fro
m w
ell
RO
V a
ssis
ted
co
nn
ect
assembly,
functional test
run
EDP/LRP
run risers
hook up SFT
and TF
hook up coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
system function
and connection
seal test
run coil tubing
and wireline
retrieve coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
retrieve SFT and
TF
retrieve risers
retrieve
EDP/LRP
perform
workover
operations
move above wellmove away from
well
disassembly
3
2
1
4
5
7
6
unhook coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
12
11
10
9
7
8
ROV assisted
connect
ROV assisted
disconnect
Gz
Gx
Gy
RF
TETR
typical TE:
5..50ms
transmit receive
functional flow
9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
call family doctor
visit family doctor
call neurology department
visit neurologist
call radiology department
examination itself
diagnosis by radiologist
report from radiologist to
neurologist
visit neurologist
19 2011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25
days
alarm mode
pre-alarm mode
operating
event reset
acknowledge
alarm handled
idle
start
Information Transformation Flow
Concrete “Cartoon” Workflow
Timeline of Workflow
Timeline and Functional
Flow
Swimming Lanes
Concurrency and Interaction
Signal Waveforms
State Diagram
Abstract
Workflow
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
fuse
sensor
images
detect
objects
classify
objects
update
world
model
get
external
data
analyze
situation
get goal
trajectory
get GPS
data
get v, a
calculate
GPS
location
estimate
location
update
location
world model
determine
next step
location
objects
vessel or
platform
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
ROV
ROV
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
rig
vessel or
platform
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
ROV
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 11 12
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
9
EDP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
10
EDP
Information Centric Processing
Diagram
Flow of Light
illuminatorlaser
sensor
pulse-freq, bw,
wavelength, ..uniformity
lens
wafer
reticle
aerial image
NA
abberations
transmission
raw
image
resized
imageenhanced
image
grey-
value
image
view-
port
gfx
text
retrieve enhance inter-polate
lookup merge display
Simplified Systems Engineering V-model
engineering
architecting
and design
life cycle
support
specification
designpartitioning
interfaces
functions
allocation
architectureguidelines
top-level design
rationale
inputsstakeholder needs
business objectives
documentationsystem and parts data
procedures
integration
verification &
validation
feedback
qualificationevidence
artifactsmodels
prototypes
parts
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior2 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
MSIINdefinition
From parts to qualities
parts
qualities
dynamic
behavior
interact
results in
prime interest
of organization
prime interest
of customer
prime architecting
and integration
responsibility
functionality
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior3 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SoSE2019partsDynamicsCharacteristics
Example of a technical budget, overlay (positioning accuracy)
process
overlay
80 nm
reticule
15 nm
matched
machine
60 nm
process
dependency
sensor
5 nm
matching
accuracy
5 nm
single
machine
30 nm
lens
matching
25 nm
global
alignment
accuracy
6 nm
stage
overlay
12 nm
stage grid
accuracy
5 nm
system
adjustment
accuracy
2 nm
stage Al.
pos. meas.
accuracy
4 nm
off axis pos.
meas.
accuracy
4nm
metrology
stability
5 nm
alignment
repro
5 nm
position
accuracy
7 nm
frame
stability
2.5 nm
tracking
error phi
75 nrad
tracking
error X, Y
2.5 nm
interferometer
stability
1 nm
blue align
sensor
repro
3 nm
off axis
Sensor
repro
3 nm
tracking
error WS
2 nm
tracking
error RS
1 nm
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior4 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
ASMLoverlayBudget
Overview of Visualizations of Dynamic Behavior
robot
prealign
clean
master
prefill
clean wafer
0 100b 200b
run
ED
P/L
RP
ho
ok u
p c
oile
d tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
fun
ctio
n a
nd
se
al te
st
run
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
asse
mb
ly a
nd
te
st
run
ris
ers
retr
ieve
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
ho
ok u
p S
FT
an
d T
F
retr
ieve
SF
T a
nd
TF
retr
ieve
ris
ers
retr
ieve
ED
P/L
RP
actual workover operation
48 hrs
24 48 72 96
hours
dis
asse
mb
ly
preparation 36 hrs finishing 27 hrs
stop productionresume
productiondeferred operation 62 hrs
mo
ve
ab
ove
we
ll
mo
ve
aw
ay fro
m w
ell
RO
V a
ssis
ted
co
nn
ect
assembly,
functional test
run
EDP/LRP
run risers
hook up SFT
and TF
hook up coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
system function
and connection
seal test
run coil tubing
and wireline
retrieve coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
retrieve SFT and
TF
retrieve risers
retrieve
EDP/LRP
perform
workover
operations
move above wellmove away from
well
disassembly
3
2
1
4
5
7
6
unhook coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
12
11
10
9
7
8
ROV assisted
connect
ROV assisted
disconnect
Gz
Gx
Gy
RF
TETR
typical TE:
5..50ms
transmit receive
functional flow
9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
call family doctor
visit family doctor
call neurology department
visit neurologist
call radiology department
examination itself
diagnosis by radiologist
report from radiologist to
neurologist
visit neurologist
19 2011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25
days
alarm mode
pre-alarm mode
operating
event reset
acknowledge
alarm handled
idle
start
Information Transformation Flow
Concrete “Cartoon” Workflow
Timeline of Workflow
Timeline and Functional
Flow
Swimming Lanes
Concurrency and Interaction
Signal Waveforms
State Diagram
Abstract
Workflow
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
fuse
sensor
images
detect
objects
classify
objects
update
world
model
get
external
data
analyze
situation
get goal
trajectory
get GPS
data
get v, a
calculate
GPS
location
estimate
location
update
location
world model
determine
next step
location
objects
vessel or
platform
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
ROV
ROV
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
rig
vessel or
platform
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
ROV
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 11 12
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
9
EDP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
10
EDP
Information Centric Processing
Diagram
Flow of Light
illuminatorlaser
sensor
pulse-freq, bw,
wavelength, ..uniformity
lens
wafer
reticle
aerial image
NA
abberations
transmission
raw
image
resized
imageenhanced
image
grey-
value
image
view-
port
gfx
text
retrieve enhance inter-polate
lookup merge display
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior5 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
VDBoverview
Example Functional Model of Information Flow
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
get
sensor
data
transform
into image
fuse
sensor
images
detect
objects
classify
objects
update
world
model
get
external
data
analyze
situation
get goal
trajectory
get GPS
data
get v, a
calculate
GPS
location
estimate
location
update
location
world model
determine
next step
location
objects
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior6 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
BSEARfunctionalModel
”Cartoon” Workflow
vessel or
platform
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
ROV
ROV
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
rig
vessel or
platform
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
ROV
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 11 12
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
9
EDP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
LRP
10
EDP
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior7 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperationCartoon
Workflow as Functional Model
rig
vessel or
platform
assembly,
functional test
run
EDP/LRP
run risers
hook up SFT
and TF
hook up coil
tubing and
wireline BOPEDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
wireline
coil tubing BOP
well
head
WOCS
system function
and connection
seal test
run coil tubing
and wireline
retrieve coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
retrieve SFT and
TF
retrieve risers
retrieve
EDP/LRP
perform
workover
operations
move above wellmove away from
well
disassembly
3
2
1
4
5
7
6
unhook coil
tubing and
wireline BOP
12
11
10
9
7
8
ROV assisted
connect
ROV assisted
disconnect
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior8 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperation
Workflow as Timeline
run
ED
P/L
RP
ho
ok u
p c
oile
d tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
fun
ctio
n a
nd
se
al te
st
run
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
asse
mb
ly a
nd
te
st
run
ris
ers
retr
ieve
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
ho
ok u
p S
FT
an
d T
F
retr
ieve S
FT
an
d T
F
retr
ieve
ris
ers
retr
ieve
ED
P/L
RP
actual workover operation
48 hrs
24 48 72 96
hours
dis
asse
mb
ly
assumptions:
running and retrieving risers: 50m/hr
running and retrieving coiled tubing/wireline: 100m/hr
depth: 300m
preparation 36 hrs finishing 27 hrs
stop productionresume
productiondeferred operation 62 hrs
mo
ve
ab
ove
we
ll
mo
ve
aw
ay fro
m w
ell
RO
V a
ssis
ted
co
nn
ect
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior9 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SSMEtypicalWorkoverOperationTimeline
Swimming Lane Example
robot
prealign
clean
master
prefill
clean wafer
0 100b 200b
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior10 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
REPLIcellTimeLineSimplified
Combining physical, dynamic behavior, and qualities
disruption workflow
This A3 based on the work of SEMA participants: Martin Moberga, Tormod Strand
a, Vazgen Karlsen
f, and Damien Wee
f,
and the master project paper by Dag Jostein Kleverf.
aAker Solutions,
f FMC TechnologiesWorkover operation; architecture overview
workover workflowworkover
workflow
disruption
workflow
version 2.2 Gerrit Muller
physical model
vessel or
platform
rig
well
EDP
LRP
riser
conduit for running
tools to well
XT
TF
SFT
wireline
coil tubing BOP
provides well control
well
head
tension frame connects
riser to rig tension system
surface flow tree
provides well control
emergency disconnect package
provides disconnect function
lower riser package
provides well control functionXmas tree
provides well control
structural and pressure-
containing interface
WOCS work over control system
monitoring and control
of subsea installation
ROV
ROV
remotely operated vehicle
one for observation
one for operation
0-order workover cost estimate
workover cost per day
platform, rig
equipment
crew
total
assumed cost (MNoK)
2
0.2
0.1
2.3 MNoK/day
deferred operation per day
production delay
ongoing cost operation
total
assumed cost (MNoK)
0.1
0.2
0.3 MNoK/day
disruption timeline
workover timeline
assembly,
functional test
run
EDP/LRP
run risers
hook up SFT and
TF
hook up coil tubing
and wireline BOP
system function
and connection
seal test
run coil tubing and
wireline
move above well
3
2
1
4
6
ROV assisted
connect
retrieve coil tubing
and wireline BOP
retrieve SFT and
TF
retrieve risers
retrieve
EDP/LRP
perform workover
operations
move away from
well
disassembly
unhook coil tubing
and wireline BOP
ROV assisted
disconnect
7
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
ROV
ROV
rig
vessel or
platform
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
1 2 3 4 5 6
vessel or
platform
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rig
TF
SFT WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
vessel or
platform
rigTF
SFT
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRPROV
7 8 9 10 11 12
shut down valves
control t&p well
disconnect EDP
reconnect EDP
wait
run wireline
retract wireline
move above well
move away
open valves
control t&p well
7a
7b
7c
wa
it fo
r
reso
lutio
n o
f
dis
rup
tio
n
mo
ve
aw
ay
wo
rko
ve
r
dis
rup
tio
n
reco
nn
ect
co
ntin
ue
wo
rko
ve
r
hours24 48
mo
ve
ab
ove
we
ll
run
ED
P/L
RP
ho
ok u
p c
oile
d tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
fun
ctio
n a
nd
se
al te
st
run
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
asse
mb
ly a
nd
te
st
run
ris
ers
retr
ieve
co
iled
tu
bin
g/w
ire
line
ho
ok u
p S
FT
an
d T
F
retr
ieve
SF
T a
nd
TF
retr
ieve
ris
ers
retr
ieve
ED
P/L
RP
actual workover operation
48 hrs
24 48 72 96hours
dis
asse
mb
ly
preparation 36 hrs finishing 27 hrs
stop productionresume
productiondeferred operation 62 hrs
mo
ve
ab
ove
we
ll
mo
ve
aw
ay fro
m w
ell
RO
V a
ssis
ted
co
nn
ect
assumptions:
running and retrieving risers: 50m/hr
running and retrieving coiled tubing/wireline: 100m/hr
depth: 300m workover duration
transportation
preparation
workover
finishing
total
estimated duration (hours)
24
36
48
27
135 (5.6 days)
production loss
6
48
8
62 (2.6 days)
cost = costworkover/day * tworkover + costdeferred op./day * tdeferred op.
~= 2.3 * 5.6 + 0.3 * 2.6 ~= 14 MNoK / workover
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
ROV
rig
vessel or
platform
WOCS
XT
well
well
head
EDP
LRP
TF
SFT
rig
vessel or
platform
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
rig
EDP
LRP
riser
XT
well
TF
SFT
well
head
WOCS
7 7a 7b 7c
vessel or
platform
workflow as “cartoon”
dynamic behavior
abstract workflow
dynamic behavior
timeline
quantification cost estimate
quantification
physical model
partswhat if …
disruption
relations
via numbers2
relations
via colors
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior11 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SSMEoverviewA3Labeled
Emergency Disconnect System
State diagram Timeline
Information Flow diagram
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior12 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020SVDBexampleECD
Example Cycle Time Power Generators
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior13 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SVDBexampleCycleTimes
Example Timeline Power Demand
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Ch
ange
in P
ow
er
Ou
tpu
t (M
W/m
in)
Minutes
Required to compensate for solar and wind power variationMaximum limit, fossile power plantMinimum limit, fossile power plant
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior14 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SVDBpowerTimeline
Conclusions
Our case studies identified common challenges associated with
integrating independent systems:
· Understand the impact on the workflow (how to handle) and the
impact on time and cost with workflow disruptions.
· Compare impact on installation sequence and means for various
concepts.
· Evaluate obstacles in information flow in emergency systems that
interact with human beings.
· Understand technical constraints in existing technologies when
interfacing new technologies.
SoS Visualizing Dynamic Behavior15 Gerrit Muller
version: 0December 31, 2020
SVDBconclusions