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SWASTYASTU

NAMA KELOMPOK :

I Made Candra Dwi Satwika (12)

Putu Nadya Purnamasari (24)

Ni Kadek Novi Astari (25)

I Putu Sugi Almantara (33)

SYMBOLS

AND

SIGN

Learning and goals :

use the expression of prohibition

understand functional text : notice /

announcement

use the expression of regrets and no

regrets

understand letter of regrets

HISTORY OF SYMBOLS

In the stone age when ancient human

colonists live in caves, they have started

to use the emblem as a communication

support. The object that he saw and then

poured in a simple picture. As the picture

symbolized the sun as a god.

Definitions of Signs

The sign is something that represents

something for someone else in the context or

specified capacity.

Definition of Symbols

symbol is an object that serves as a means to

present something that is abstract, such as a dove

as a symbol of peace.

Function of Symbols

Basically, the symbol in use to convey the

idea of man as outlined in the picture.

Example picture of symbols and signs

Expresion : Telling

prohibition.

Grammar : Must vs Have to.

Telling

prohibition• You must not ...

• You can not ...

• Don’t ...

• You are not allowed ...

• I won’t let you ...

• You are not supposed ...

Response• OK.

• All right.

• Sure.

• Never mind.

• I won’t.

Below is an example of conversation Prohibition

Denis : Rani, can I lend your English book?

Rani : You can not lend my book anymore

because you're often lost my book.

Denis : I'm sorry but this time I’m promise not to

lost it again.

Rani : Really? After school, I will lend my book

for you.

Denis : Ok. Thank you .

Grammar

Understand the explanation on

Must vs. Have to.

1. MUST.

With must the speaker is giving a feeling of

its own, saying what he thought was

important and must to do .

For example:

You must meet the head master .

We must go now.

2. HAVE TO.

With must the speaker is not giving a

feeling of its own. He is just giving facts

and should not to do.

For example :

Ria is coocking fried rice. He has to fry

some garlics first.

I have final exam tomorrow. I have to

study hard now.

3. MUSTN’T and DON’T HAVE TO are completely

different

You musn’t do something = it is necessary that you do

not do it.

For example :

You musn’t supposed to shout out. (= don’t shout out)

Beside of my calss is being a test. You musn’t supposed

to make a noise. (=don’t make noise)

You don’t have to do something = it is not necessary

to do it.

For example :

I don’t have to cheat when I have test, but I ussually do.

I went to the beach because I didn’t have go to school.

Notice / announcement

Notice is a letter addressed to the public, a

group of audience without having to know who

and how many readers, and anyone has the

right to read, but not all that interested readers.

Notice is made to communicate or inform the

ideas, thoughts to the others.

Besides use the official letter for giving the

prohibition or notice , we can use a brief notice

or symbols and sign to be easier to tell many

people.

Below is an example in the form of a

brief notice :

Do not leave your stuff on motorcycles.

NO SMOKING!

SMOKING AREA.

Do not throw litter.

WARNING! Fierce dog.

Expression : Regrets and No Regrets.

Grammar : Third Conditional

Sentence.

I wish I hadn’t shouted at

him.

If only I’d stayed in my

home

town.

I’m sorry I didn’t work

harder.

I regret not taking that job.

I was wrong to get angry.

I’m glad I left

when I did.

I don’t regret

taking that job.

I was absolutely

right to get some

extra qualification.

Regrets No Regrets

Underline the dialog expression used to

show regret and no regret.

Tya : I guess you really enjoy math leasson

yesterday, right ?

Tara : Yes, I don’t regret taking the task.

Tya: How come ? it was very difficult for me.

Tara : Yeah, because previously I've studied the

material.

Tya: Wow that's good, I regret never learn math at

home.

Third Conditional Sentences

We use the Third Conditional Sentence to

talk about 'impossible' condition,

impossible because they are in the past

and we cannot change what has

happened.

1. If you came to my house.

2. If you called me .

If clause

( if + subject +past perfect verb*)

1. You would have met him.

2. I would come tou your

party.

Main clause

S + would (or could, or might) have + pas

participle

1. You didn’t come to my house, so you

wouldn’t met him.

2. You didn’t call me and I wouldn’t come

to your party.

explanation

For example :

If I had study harder at school, I would have got

better grades. (But I didn’t study hard)

If I had time, I would have gone to see him. (But

I didn't have time)

If we had caught the earlier train, we would

have got there on time. ( but we were late)

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