sustainable wetlands adaptation and mitigation program

Pacific Southwest Research Station

Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program

Richard A. MacKenzie, Randy Kolka, Cynthia Mackie, Mathew Warren, J.

Boone Kauffman, Joko Purbospito, Daniel Murdiyarso, Carl Trettin, Erik Lilleskov

Pacific Southwest Research StationForest Asia Summit, Jakarta, Indonesia, May 5 - May 6, 2014


Provide management agencies, policy makers, and scientists from Southeast Asia with credible scientific information needed to make sound decisions relating to the role of tropical wetlands in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies

Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) objective:


1. Quantify greenhouse gas emissions arising from intact wetland forests and sites that have undergone land cover change

2. Quantify C stocks of tropical forested wetlands of the world and associated land uses

3. Develop ecosystem modeling tools and remote sensing technology to scale up C measurements

4. Quantify the role of tropical wetland systems in climate change adaptation and mitigation

5. Develop capacity building and outreach activities with associated countries that will lead to sustainability of local communities, livelihoods and infrastructure

Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) goals:


Comparable – SWAMP has been/is being used in 22 different countries

Using SWAMP to assess Carbon pools


Reference Source : Kauffman, J.B. and Donato, D.C. 2012 Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests. Working Paper 86. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

the SWAMP Protocol

“The purpose is provide ideas and approaches to accurately measure, monitor and report species composition and structure, aboveground biomass, and carbon stocks of mangrove ecosystems.”


flagging tape

Subplot layout

Subplot 1

Subplot 2

Subplot 3

Subplot 4

Subplot 525m25m

25m

25m

N

Plot layout

Outline of 0.25 ha plot (50 x 50 m) to measure trees > 10cm if present

A B


Trees

Downed/dead wood

Forest floor

Non-tree vegetation

Soilx


Vermeer and Rahmstorf 2008

Worst case

Best case

1) Sea-level rise has nearly doubled since 1990 (5.4 cm at 3.2 mm/yr)2) Sea-level is predicted to increase by 75-190 cm by 2100

Sea-level rise threatens ecosystem services that mangroves provide


Sedimentation rate = sea-level rise

Alongi 2008

Majority of mangroves are currently keeping up with sea-level rise

Sea-level Rise → Mangroves


Semeniuk 1994

Sea-level Rise → MangrovesForces mangroves to retreat landwards but success of migration depends on multiple factors.


Hawaii

Guam

NewCaledonia

PalauYap

Japan

TahitiAmerican

Samoa

Chuuk

PhilippinesPohnpei

Fiji

CNMI

MarshallIslands

Kosrae

Indonesia

Pacific Sea Level Rise Monitoring Network

Goals:p risk-spreading strategies to address uncertainties of climate change1) Identify and protect critical areas naturally positioned to survive

climate change2) Establish baseline data and monitor the responses of mangroves to

climate change


Krauss et al 2010

1) Rod surface elevation tables (rSETS)Mangrove forest floor elevation


Krauss et al 2010

2) Surface accretionMangrove forest floor elevation

12

3


3) RadionuclidesMangrove elevation


VietnamRepublic of Palau

Sedimentation rate = sea-level rise

Modified from Alongi 2008

Preliminary results


Mangrove conservation and restoration cannot be done alone! It requires

many people and partners who are willing to get dirty!

Thank [email protected]


Thank you!


D1 B0 U1 B375 U1B0 U3B0 T6P6

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r-1)

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Republic of PalauVietnam


Strategies to promote mangrove resilience: (McLeod and Salm 2006)

1) Apply risk-spreading strategies to address uncertainties of climate change

2) Identify and protect critical areas naturally positioned to survive climate change

3) Manage human stressors on mangroves

4) Establish buffer zones to allow inland migration of mangroves

5) Restore degraded areas that have demonstrated resilience

6) Understand and preserve connectivity

7) Establish baseline data and monitor the responses of mangroves to climate change

8) Implement adaptive strategies to compensate for changes in species ranges

9) Develop alternative livelihoods for mangrove-dependent communities

10)Build partnerships to generate necessary finances and support to respond to climate change


Palau U3 B0

Depth (cm)0 20 40 60

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Palau U1 B0

Depth (cm)

0 20 40 60

210 P

b A

ctiv

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Ci/g

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0.0

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0.6

0.8

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Pacific Southwest Research StationPacific Sea Level Rise Monitoring Network

Hawaii

Guam

NewCaledonia

PalauYap

Japan

TahitiAmerican

Samoa

Chuuk

PhilippinesPohnpei

Fiji

CNMI

MarshallIslands

Kosrae

Indonesia

Pacific Southwest Research StationForest Asia Summit, Jakarta, Indonesia, May 5 - May 6, 2014 Krauss et al. 2010

sustainable wetlands adaptation and mitigation program

Environment