sustainable assignmen local agenda 21
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Sustainable Assignmen Local Agenda 21
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Department of Civil Engineering \ Transportation
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment
The National University of Malaysia
Semester ! Session "#$%"#$'
Tas( % )ocal *gen+a "$
Sustainable Urban Design
Name Stu+ent
Ameer Abdul Adheem Hussein
P81466
)ecturer
PROF. DATO' R. DR R!A AT" A#DU$$AH #%O.&. RAHAT
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Tas( )*
,ou are given a tas( -y the mayor of +,ur h,met,-n to evaluate an+ give
suggestion on ho. to plan the to.n in accor+ance .ith $,al Agenda /1/ 0rite a
-rief report on your e0aluati,n an+ suggesti,n/
a m+ h,met,-n 2 #aghdad 3 ra 5
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ntr,duti,n*
My hometo.n Bagh+a+ is the capital of the 1epu-lic of ra23 locate+ in the
heart of my country/ Tigris 1iver +ivi+es Bagh+a+ into t.o parts 4ar(h an+ 1usafa/
*rea its a-out "#5/" (m"/ * population of a-out 6/' million people in "#$73 ma(ing it
the largest city in ra23 the secon+ largest city in the *ra- .orl+ 8after Cairo3 Egypt93an+ the secon+ largest city in 0estern *sia 8after Tehran3 ran9/ *ccor+ing to the
government3 the population of the country has reache+ 7% million3 .ith : million in
the capital/
)ocal *gen+a "$ is a local!government!le+3 community!.i+e3 an+ participatory
effort to esta-lish a comprehensive action strategy for environmental protection3
economic prosperity an+ community .ell!-eing in the local ;uris+iction or area/ Thisre2uires the integration of planning an+ action across economic3 social an+
environmental spheres/ 4ey elements are full community participation3 assessment
of current con+itions3 target setting for achieving specific goals3 monitoring an+
reporting/
*lso )ocal *gen+a "$ is all a-out3 act local an+ thin( glo-al/ f all of us acte+
responsi-ly locally3 glo-al pro-lems .oul+ -e re+uce+3 if not eliminate+/ The conceptof )ocal *gen+a "$ really -egan in $:<6 at a meeting of .orl+ lea+ers in Nor.ay3
.here they agree+ that the .ay for.ar+ for the planet .as to a+opt policies of
=sustaina-le +evelopment=/ n other .or+s3 the (in+ of +evelopment that meets our
present nee+s .ithout compromising the a-ility of future generations to +o the same/
This pro-a-ly seems li(e simple common sense3 -ut such policies have -een far
from common in most .estern European countries/ )ater3 at the 1io Earth Summit in
$::"3 these i+eas .ere further +evelope+ un+er the term )ocal *gen+a "$3 the
strategy for implementing sustaina-le +evelopment at local level/ Each countryrepresente+ .as urge+ to +evelop a )ocal *gen+a "$ strategy .hich +evelope+ in
close liaison .ith local communities an+ organi>ations/ n $::'3 *-er+een City
Council signe+ the *al-org Charter for Sustaina-le Development/ Since then
*-er+een City Council has un+erta(en a .i+e range of programmers to.ar+s
achieving sustaina-le +evelopment an+ is seen as one of the lea+ing local
authorities in the Unite+ 4ing+om in this fiel+/ n "##53 *-er+een signe+ the *al-org
Commitments/ The Commitments are a clear set of actions that shoul+ -e ta(en to
ensure sustaina-le +evelopment at local authority level3 they cover?!
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1 7,0ernane.
/ $,al anagement t,-ards sustainabilit+.
%atural ,mm,n g,,ds.
4 Res,nsible ,nsumti,n and li9est+le h,ies.
) Planning and design.
6 #etter m,bilit+: less tra99i.
; $,al Ati,n 9,r health.
8 <ibrant and sustainable l,al e,n,m+.
= S,ial euit+ and >ustie.
1? $,al t, gl,bal The @,unil is urrentl+ underta(ing a re0ie- ,9 ,ur r,gress -ith b,th
the @,mmitments and ,ur $,al Agenda /1.
0aluati,n*
The status of services has +eteriorate+ significantly in Bagh+a+ after ra2@s
.ars in recent +eca+es3 an+ especially the secon+ Aulf 0ar in $::$3 an+ the US!le+
invasion of ra2 in "##73 an+ the su-se2uent events .hich le+ to the arrival of the
case of pu-lic services to very lo. levels/ 0here Bagh+a+ .as occupie+ the last
place in the .orl+ in "#$"3 the .orst city to live in the .orl+ accor+ing to a survey
carrie+ out -y the =Mearsl= group Alo-al uman 1esource Consulting3 .hich is
-ase+ in Ne. ,or(/ The report .as -ase+ on the situation that prevaile+ in Bagh+a+3
from .here poor pu-lic services3 an+ political unrest3 an+ cho(es the .alls of
concrete an+ the accumulation of gar-age an+ -uil+ings +estroye+3 in a++ition to
interruptions in the po.er supply3 an+ the pro-lems of the se.erage net.or(
primitive3 .here the city suffers from significant floo+ing +uring the .inter/ *n+ this
category also comes along .ith another report launche+ -y UNESC in "#$"3 .hich
has -een classifie+ Bagh+a+ thir+ place +irtier cities in the .orl+3 an+ eighth capital
on the level of environmental pollution/
So Bagh+a+ suffers of ncrease in population an+ traffic ;ams an+ the lac( of
services3 so nee+ to -uil+ up the ur-an center an+ put the +evelopers in challenge
to serve Bagh+a+ an+ population its /
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Suggesti,n*
*ll this time Bagh+a+@s pro-lems affecting our country can all seem
over.helming an+ can lea+ to a sense of po.erlessness an+ apathy/ o.ever3 there
are many simple3 or+inary things that .e can all +o locally to ensure a -etter 2uality
community for the future3 such as recycling more of our ru--ish3 re+ucing .astage3an+ minimi>ing our contri-ution to pollution/ 0e can also ma(e choices a-out
influencing glo-al pro-lems3 too/ For instance3 .e can -uy Fair Tra+e pro+uce to
help or+inary people in the +eveloping .orl+3 .e can -uy recycle+ pro+ucts to help
ma(e recycling cost!effective3 an+ .e can lo--y our councilors an+ Ms a-out these
.i+er issues/
1eason the economic situation +eteriorating & .ar .ill hampere+ the planning
till recover from the economic situation +eteriorating an+ salvation of .ar/
.ill eplain every one locally an+ futurity?!
1 Sa9et+ and seurit+ s+stems* lanning preparation an+ environmental +esign can contri-ute to thinning out
the opportunity for crime to occur an+ people@s fear crime/ The city council shoul+
ma(e some crime prevention plans/ ncrease mo-ile patrols an+ response
service3 setting up security cameras in an+ aroun+ vital areas an+ open
e+ucational programs to promote pu-lic consciousness/
/ $ighting*)ighting is nee+e+ in many places for the pursuit of pu-lic safety an+ it can
enhance the appearance of the -uil+ings3 ho.ever much eternal lighting is -a+ly
planne+ controlle+ an+ mis+irect an+ this can cause light pollution/ The -enefit of
.ell!+esigne+ an+ coor+inate lighting inclu+e a +ecrease in overall energy
consumption an+ an enhance+ evening economy as goo+ as re+uce light
pollution an+ personal safety/
Rene-able energ+ s,ures* Bagh+a+ +ont have rene.a-le energy facilities Bagh+a+ shoul+ a+opt
some pro;ect to +evelop alternative metho+s inclu+e solar energy installations an+
.in+ po.er an+ geothermal energy .e can also use solar houses to supply
energy for the home an+ its suita-le in Bagh+a+ -ecause the .eather is hot most
of the time/
4 ntegrati,n ,9 trans,rtati,n and gr,-th*
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a9 mprove+ the roa+ system in Bagh+a+ -y ma(ing use of the spaces
-esi+e the previous roa+s an+ ma(e it more encompassing/-9 ncrease the pe+estrian fiel+3 particularly in the city core an+ high
+ensity fiel+s an+ provi+e passage in the .al(.ays for +isa-les
people/c9 Ma(e a central station inclu+e all cases of strings that reach all the
areas all aroun+ the ur-an center/+9 Ma(e -us terminal an+ station near to the central train station to ma(e
it easy come from another city -y trains or -uses s.itch to other trains
or passenger vehicle/e9 mprove+ -us system an+ replace ol+er -uses .ith ne. singles .ith
ne. engineering systems for navigations an+ o-servation systems/f9 4eep the green spaces an+ plants in the mi++le strip to cut the air
contamination/
) "ualit+ ,9 de0el,ment*a9 rovi+e lo. cost houses3 or flats for homeless an+ provi+e serve+
resi+ential center for senior people an+ +isa-le people/-9 The respect special case re2uires li(e +isa-ilities an+ -lin+ people/c9 rovi+e various resi+ential areas for various people levels an+
-u+gets/+9 Ena-le housing nee+ to -e playe+ effectively an+ on an affor+a-le
-asis3 especially for (ey groups such as homeless an+ ol+ people/
e9 rovi+e services close to the resi+ential area to not +esignate thepeople go outsi+e their >ones for shopping/
f9 mprove shopping centers an+ other facilities li(e restaurants an+
par(s to attract people an+ to earn the -enefit that .ill go to the
people in that country/g9 mprove+ the overall 2uality of life for citi>ens an+ -y coor+inating
investment in housing .ith investment in economic3 social an+
environmental +eman+s/
h9 mprove planning strategy to ma(e Bagh+a+ 8my home to.n9attraction area/
6 Par(s 7reen and Oen saes* )ocal plans shoul+ sho. open space stan+ar+s -ase+ upon the national
playing fiel+ association minimum stan+ar+/ This measure involves the provision
of "/5 hectares of open space per $### population of this $/' hectares shoul+ -e
for sport an+ #/< hectares of chil+ren play par(s/
; Par(ing*
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0e have a pro-lem in par(ing space in my hometo.n3 especially near
shopping center & clinics & hospitals so?a9 The lac( of par(ing spaces that means that this country is an
attractive area an+ people +esire to use pu-lic transportation3 so the
suita-le solution is ma(ing multistory par(ing an+ -etter pu-lic transit
facilities/
-9 1e+uce par(ing spaces in the streets an+ encourage people to usepu-lic transportation -y offer goo+ prices per traveler/
8 n0ir,nmental imat* Minimi>e the environmental impact +ue to surge in travel +eman+ also the
congestion .ith traffic in the city center is the main cause of air pollution an+
smo(e/ So it@s shoul+ provi+e .ith plants to provi+e a goo+ environment to .al(
an+ re+uce the pollution an+ the plantation it shoul+ inclu+e the mi++le strips an+.al(.ays for the pe+estrians/
= Bater "ualit+ and Drainage s+stem*• The .ater sometimes affect .ith some causes li(e +ust3 +irt an+ other
soli+ pollution an+ chemical solutions from the aci+ rains an+ factories
all of that are .ashe+ rain.ater into +rains3 the .ater sometimes
+ischarge untreate+ .ater into local .ater.ays/• Decrease the impervious are -y ma(e the par(ing lot impervious -y
layers of gra+e+ aggregate an+ the surface from stones or +esign the
resi+ential area in .ay re+uce the impervious area/
• 1e+uce the 2uality of the rains -ecomes surface runoff -y ma(e
+etention or storage tan( for the etra .ater from +evelopment 8G
after +evelopment is smaller than G -efore +evelopment9/
1?Air "ualit+*
The main cause of the air pollution is traffic congestion to +ecrease the
pollution of the air shoul+ -e +ecreasing the num-ers of vehicles going to the
city an+ this can -e +one -y motivate the people to use pu-lic transportation
11 %,ise*
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Buffering >ones shoul+ -e planne+ -et.een commercial an+ resi+ential
areas as +istance is an effective metho+ for re+ucing noise levels an+ it is cost
effective/ Shopping centers shoul+ -e planne+ an+ +evelope+ that place the rear
of the stores out -y the -usy street an+ the par(ing lot -et.een the stores front
an+ the resi+ential property lines/
1/#i,di0ersit+ 2$andsae5* The assessment of -io+iversity in manage+ lan+scapes remains a pro-lem
for mainly?!
• Diversity measure strongly +epen+s on the chosen spatio!temporal
scale of the prevailing assessment an+ unfortunately there is no
satisfying scaling function applica-le to transfer result to another
scale/
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