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ZERO CARBON DESIGN Sustainability of Buildings
ZERO CARBON DESIGN WING HO, P.E.AssociateBuilding Physics | Arup 2012-2-22
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1. Zero Carbon Design How?
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Carbon Neutral: A building is carbon neutral when the
energy for building is matched annually by an equal
amount of renewable energy generation
A comprehensive Carbon Neutral Building addresses the six issues:
What is Carbon Neutral BUILDING?
Water: With significant reduction and recycling
we can reduce the use of valuable potable water
Materials: Buildings can be designed to be
reused or recycled in whole or in part
Climate Change: Buildings last for a long time,
they must be able to adapt to future climate
changes
Sustainability of Building | 2012 Building Physics | Arup HK
Community: Buildings must have positive social,
economic and environmental effects
Operation: Provide better information to ensure
that buildings operate efficiently and better
environment for occupants
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Demand reduction and controls Passive Design Efficient use of energy Renewable energy source Best Practices (Demand reduction)
Passive Design Strategies
(Demand control)
Energy Efficient Design
(Efficient use of energy)
On-site generation
(Renewable source)
Local
mandatory
implementation
of Energy codes
4 Steps Approach 4
Renewable energy source Best Practices (Demand reduction)
Baseline
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Off-set remaining energy through local renewables green tariffs, carbon credits or other emission reduction projects
kg CO2e/m2/yr
ASHRAE 90.1 Energy
efficiency std for buildings
Average commercial
building in Hong Kong
Sustainability of Building | 2012 Building Physics | Arup HK
0
20
40
60
80
Carbon
Neutral?
kg CO2e/m
Conventional
Onsite
Active systems
Passive Design
ASHRAE 90.1 Energy
efficiency std for buildings
Average commercial
building in Hong Kong
Energy efficient design
Best practices
Baseline
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2. Zero CarbonConstructed NetNet | Zero Carbon |
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Samsung Zero Energy House
- GREEN TOMORROW
East Asia Design and Technical Excellence Awards 2010
- GREEN TOMORROW
Arup: Total Building design - Sustainability Commissioning and LEED consultancy
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Zero Carbon Wish with advance technology for a future zero carbon living
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Project Introduction Client: Samsung C&T corporation
Project location: Yongin City, South Korea
Total site area: 2456 sqm, Total GFA: 721 sqm
Two main buildings GREEN TOMORROW and Public Relation Pavilion
Zero Energy Showroom - demonstrate the Zero Energy Showroom - demonstrate the achievement of net zero energy consumption
Date of completion: September 2009
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Project Timeline Project start date: November 2008
Completion date: September 2009
LEED NC Platinum awards received at Nov 2009
LEED Design
Stage Submission
LEED Construction
Stage Submission
LEED Platinum
AwardZero Energy
Design Concepts
Building in
occupation
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NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
Scheme DesignDetailed Design
ConstructionTesting and commissiong
Move - in
AUG SEP OCT NOV
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Major Achievements The FIRST project obtained the HIGHEST rating - LEED Platinum Awards in East Asia
The FIRST Net Zero Energy Consumption Building in Korea (Type I Carbon Neutral On-site energy autonomy)
BCI Green Design Award 2010 (Residential Category)
Other sustainability achievements Other sustainability achievements
Over 40% of GREEN TOMORROW annual energy consumption provided by PVs
Over 70% of potable water use can be saved annually and three quarter of daily potable water usage is recycled/ reclaimed
More than 50% of wastes produced from this project are recycled instead of being sent to the landfill
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Sustainability, Innovation
& Creativity
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Sustainability, Innovation & CreativityThe design of building envelope, mechanical and electrical system based on sustainability design framework of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) system, which is assessed in five major aspects in project development including
Sustainable Sites Sustainable SitesWater Saving
Energy ConservationMaterials and Resources
Indoor Environment Quality
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Highlights of Innovative designs implemented in GT Energy Conservation (Passive, Active Strategies and Renewable)
Triple layer glass with PVC frames obtain extreme low U-value (1W/m2)
Good air-tightness with double sealed frame minimize infiltration load.
Daylighting and light pipe application to reduce lighting energy use
Ground source heat pump with cool tube approach.
Radiant heating and underfloor supply
Sustainable Site
Site Stormwater management
Green Roof to reduce heat island effect
Radiant heating and underfloor supply
Phase Change Materials (PCM) is applied to reduce internal heat gain
Water Saving
The application of MBR Membrane Bio Reactor, treated the greywater and blackwater from toilet for irrigation and floor cleaning.
Adoption of Waterless urinal and Low flow fixtures
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EQuest model
Annual energy consumptionU-value calculation THERM PV Panel RADIANCE
Utilization of Advanced Simulation Techniques
External shading - ECOTECT
Thermal dynamic study - IES
Daylight study RADIANCE
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Daylight study RADIANCE
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Zero Energy in GREEN TOMORROW
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Zero Energy and Zero Carbon in GT
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Overall, the annual energy consumption is about 19000kWh and be offset by the renewable energy.
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Technical Challenge Technical challenge
A challenge to identify and convince the team the most appropriated and highest value extracted strategies from many design options.
Establishing zero energy designs that being able to consume zero energy in GT
Achieving LEED platinum and collaboration with USGBC Achieving LEED platinum and collaboration with USGBC
Energy modelling plays an important role to verify high complexity design options and stimulating real-time energy profile for passive ventilating and day lit spaces operation
Explore new methods of energy stimulation on transit space energy modelling that could help our further work.
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Benefit and Influence to
Client and Community
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Benefit and Influence to Client and Community
Community
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To deliver and promote sustainable high quality built environment which enhances user satisfactions, health level and heighten working performance.
GREEN TOMORROW is the FIRST LEED Platinum Rating project in East Asia enhances the reputation from the project teams and project owners to the community.
Client
The local community and clients in Korea integrate the advanced sustainability and green designs concerns in future development.
Create a platform for the public and the industry to learn the importance of green building and encourage our future generation - student for visit
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Public Engagement Project Website
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Project Website for details
www.greentomorrow.co.kr
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Public Engagement - The Showroom
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Open at November 2009
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Public Engagement Textbook
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2. Zero Carbonon progress BeyondBeyond | Zero Carbon |
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Net energy output over operating energy
consumption to offset embodied carbon of
major structural materials & construction
Energy Positive
Emissions
during
construction
Emissions
embodied in
materials Emissions
during
operationOn-site Renewable
energy emissions
> ++
energy emissions
reduction
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Adsorption chiller
Cross-ventilation
Underfloor air supply
Radiant cooling
Desiccant
dehumidification
Grey water recycling
Black water recycling
Light pipes
Wind Catcher
Earth Cooling
Occupancy SensorLow Embodied Energy Design
Low VOC materials
Low-flow fixtures
Waterless Urinals
Cross-ventilation
Low ventilation resistance layout Large north-facing glazing
Sloped daylight
reflecting ceiling
Daylight sensor
Active Skylights
High Volume Low
Combined Cooling
Heat and Power
High Specification
Enveope
Task lighting
Black water recycling
Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Crystalline
Photovoltaics
Cylindrical CIGS PV
Environmental Monitoring
Mechanically Assisted Windows
Extensive Solar ShadingRecycled Aggregate
Rain Water Recycling
Solar Thermal
High Efficiency Chillers
High Greenery Ratio
D-01
High Volume Low
Speed Fans
Biodiesel
LED Lighting
Climatic Monitoring
Hybrid Ventilation
Mechanically Assisted Windows
PFA ConcreteLow Flush Toilets
Low Energy Equipment
High Greenery Ratio
Green Wall Climbers
Native Species
Permeable Surfaces
Tio Stone
And many more
(90+ in total)
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Reducing Emissions During Operation
Emissions
during
operation
Passive DesignFacade Heat Gain
Natural Ventilation
Daylight
Active SystemsBusiness As
Usual Design
38%
Reduction in
EmissionsActive SystemsHybrid Operation
Energy Efficient Systems
Energy Cascade
Usual Design Emissions
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Passive Design Strategy Daylight Lighting DesignLighting DesignTask lighting
Large North Facing facade
Sloped Ceiling
Lightpipes
Active Skylights
70% reduction in lighting energy
100.00%Artificial Lighting
D-01
0.00%
50.00%
Jan
Ma
r
Ma
y
Jul
Se
p
No
v
Jan
Daylighting
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1000Naturally Ventilated Air Conditioned
Passive Design Strategy Cooling Ultra Low
0
500
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Reduced Facade Heat Gain
Solar gain (MWh) People gain (MWh)
Equipment gain (MWh) Lighting gain (MWh)
High Specification
D-01
High Specification
Thermal Envelope40% Reduction in Facade Heat
Gain
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Natural VentilationCross Ventilated LayoutThe floor plan is laid out specifically to address the hot and humid conditions of The floor plan is laid out specifically to address the hot and humid conditions of
Hong Kong. The increased air-speed leads to a higher acceptable temperature
(Up to 30C is acceptable for V>0.6m/s).
~34% of the year naturally ventilated
D-01
Higher wind speed
(2.5m/s) for good semi-
outdoor comfort
Lower wind speed for
office spaces > 1.5m/s to
avoid paper flying off
AGround Floor
0%
50%
100%
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
A/C
NV NV
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High Volume Low Speed Fans
HVLS fansMoves a high volume of air at low speed providing a controllable,
quiet, uniform and comfortable air-speed throughout the floor platequiet, uniform and comfortable air-speed throughout the floor plate
~50% of the year can be potentially
naturally ventilated if correctly operated
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20
25
30Location: Hong Kong, Atmosphere Pressure: 101.325kPa
Radiant and air-based cooling for high load seasons.
Radiant cooling never operates adjacent to nat vent
zones
Hybrid Ventilation Four modes of dealing with the humid climate
of Hong Kong
1. Natural Ventilation (Jan to Apr) Auto control with manual option
0
5
10
15
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Moisture Content (g/kg)
Dry Bulb Temperature (C)
Apr) Auto control with manual option
2. Natural Ventilation
aided by ceiling fans (Mar to June, Oct to Dec)
3. Underfloor Air-Supply auto control
4. Underfloor Air-Supply
with Radiant System Dry Bulb Temperature (C)
20
Parameters Summer
(May to Aug)
Spring, Autumn & late summer
(Mar to Apr, Sept to Oct)
Winter & late autumn
(Jan to Feb, Nov to Dec)
Reference standard
Average Indoor temperature (upper limit ) 27.4 C 26.6 C 25.7 C ISO 7730Average Indoor temperature (lower limit) 21C 18.5C 16 C ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-
2004
Relative Humidity (lower/upper limit) 40%/75% CIBSE AM 10: 1997
Natural ventilation Ceiling Fans Underfloor
Cooling
Ceiling Radiant
Cooling
with Radiant System auto control
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200000
250000Landscape energyCoolingFansHeat RejectionPumps
> 160 kWh/sqm
Energy Reduction Summary
100000
150000
kWhrs/yr
PumpsInterior Lighting
< 100 kWh/sqm
0
50000
Baseline Proposed
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Renewable Strategy: PV Panels:
Crystalline BIPV 25 sqmMulti-crystalline 1015 sqm Cylindrical CIGS 10 sqm
Expected output after
taking shading into
account: 80 MWh/yr
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Renewable Strategy: Integrated Systems:
25000
30000
35000
CHPHeat/Cooling Priority control
25000
35000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CHP
PV
Elec
kWh/m
th
CHP is off in winter months
PV output is low
Building is in Nat Vent mode
CHP is on in summer months
PV output is high
Building is in A/C mode
Heat/Cooling Priority control
principle for CCHP to minimize
wastage of heat
-35000
-25000
-15000
-5000
5000
15000
25000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D-01
kWh/m
th
Building is in Nat Vent mode
Net Electricity
Building is in A/C mode
Hourly Energy Simulation via
Dynamic Thermal and Energy
Modeling
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60%
80%
100%
Embodied Emissions A range of material selection and structural
schemes were studied to ensure the building
0%
20%
40%
60%
Steel RC
300400
kgCO2/m3
schemes were studied to ensure the building
incurs minimum emissions during construction
30% lower EE compared to
steel structure
High PFA content used
wherever possible
D-01
0100200300
kgCO2/m3
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Life-Cycle Analysis
Life-CycleMaterial
production
Construction DeconstructionOperation 50 yrs
Emissions
during
construction
Emissions
embodied
in materials
Emission
s during
operation
On-site Renewable
energy emissions
reduction
7750 tonnes
155 tonnes/yr
over 50 yrs
6050 tonnes
121 tonnes/yr
over 50 yrs
150 tonnes1400 tonnes
Zero Carbon
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Taipei Kuang-Yu Lo
Hong Kong Wing Ho, P.E. LEED AP
39We Shape A Better World