SURFACE FINISHES

SUBMITTED BY :-

SAURAV CHAUDHARY

11034,8TH

SEM,

BUILDING MATERIALS

IGCA

SURFACE FINISHING MATERIALS :

a. Stone;

b. Plastering & painting;

c. Ceramic tiles;

d. Facing tiles/Brick tiles/Machine made Bricks;

e. A.C.P Sheets/Composite Panels;

f. factory made wood; &

g. Glass.

Properties of Various Exterior Cladding

There are many different types of cladding that you can choose from so you

are sure to find the one that is most suitable for you. Here is an overview of

the most common types of cladding:

Timber cladding: timber cladding is extremely popular as nothing beats the

look of real timber, and timber suits all styles of homes. Timber cladding

comes in horizontal boards, shingles or panels. It is a surprisingly

environmentally friendly cladding choice as sustainable timber is used and

it is also a good natural insulator.

Stone cladding: stone cladding brings a feel of natural style and elegance

to your home and the look is unmatched by any other type of cladding. It

uses thin layers of natural or simulated stone. Stone cladding

complements any surrounding. However, stone can be expensive

(simulated stone is somewhat cheaper than real stone however) and more

labour intensive than other types of cladding.

• Weatherboard cladding: this is what most people first think of

when cladding is mentioned and it is made from timber,

reconstituted hardwood, fibre cement or vinyl. Weatherboards

can be fixed to all kinds of substrates. Timber and fibre cement

weatherboards need periodic maintenance to keep them looking

their best while vinyl weatherboards are practically zero

maintenance.

• Vinyl cladding: if you’re after a cladding material that requires practically

no maintenance, then vinyl cladding is for you! Vinyl cladding suits all kinds

of homes and comes in a range of colours. It is also economical. Vinyl

cladding is recyclable and uses fewer resources in its manufacturing than

other types of cladding. It is easy to add insulation to vinyl cladding as

well.

• Metal cladding: metal cladding is either steel or aluminium cladding. The

metal is protected through anodising, galvanising or powder coating and a

range of different colours are available to suit any colour scheme. A range

of looks can be created using metal cladding such as sleek flat panels or

corrugated looks. Metal cladding is also very low maintenance.

• Concrete cladding: this is a newer type of cladding and it comes in

panel or tile form ready for use inside or outside the home. Concrete

cladding can create sleek modern looks or you can have the concrete

moulded to resemble natural materials such as stone. You can also cast

patterns into the concrete cladding if you wish. Concrete cladding is

incredibly strong and durable, and requires little in the way of

maintenance. It is also a great insulator.

• Stucco: is a very popular type of exterior cladding made from portland

cement mixed with aggregate particles and spread over masonry or a

frame of wood or metal lath. This material is durable, attractive, weather

and pest resistant, and is easily customized by altering aggregate

particle size, using textured trowels for spreading, or adding pigments.

Stucco is very hard but relatively lightweight, as it is usually applied in

coats less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) thick.

• Brick cladding: brick cladding is great as you

can create a variety of looks and patterns

just by using different coloured bricks.

You can also render over them if you choose.

Bricks are lightweight, easy to work with, a

good insulator, and don’t need much

maintenance.

TYPES OF EXTERIOR PAINTS

1. Aluminium paint: the very finely grained aluminium is suspended in

either quick-drying spirit varnish or slow-drying oil varnish as per

requirement. The spirit or oil evaporates and a thin metallic film of

aluminium is formed on the surface. The advantages of an aluminium

paint are:

• It is visible in dark.

• It resists heat to a certain degree.

• The surface of iron and steel are better protected from corrosion

by this paint than any other paint.

• It posses a high covering capacity.

• It gives good appearance to surface.

• It is impervious to the moisture.

• It posses high electrical resistance.

• The aluminium paint is widely used for painting gas tanks, hot water

pipes, marine pipes, oil storage tanks, radiators, etc.

2. ANTICORROSIVE PAINT: this paint essentially consists of oil and

a strong drier. A pigment such as chromium oxide or lead or red

lead or zinc chrome is taken and after mixing it with some quantity of

very fine sand, it is added to the paint. The advantages of an

anticorrosive paint are:

• It is cheap.

• It lasts for long duration.

• The appearance of the paint is black.

3. ASBESTOS PAINT: this is peculiar type of paint and it is applied

on the surfaces which are exposed to the acidic gases and steam.

4. BITUMINOUS PAINT: this is prepared by dissolving asphalt or

mineral pitches or vegetable bitumen in any type of oil or petroleum.

A variety of bituminous paints is available. The paint presents a black

appearance and it is used for painting ironwork under water.

5. CELLULOSE PAINT: this paint is prepared from nitro-cotton, celluloid

sheets, photographic films, etc. an ordinary paint hardens by oxidation. A

cellulose paints hardens by evaporation of thinning agent. It thus hardens

quickly. It is a little more costly, but it presents a flexible, hard and

smooth surface. Also, the surface painted with cellulose paint can be

washed and easily cleaned. The cellulose paint is not affected by contact

with hot water and the surface can stand extreme degrees of cold and

heat.

6. COLLODIAL PAINT: no inert material is mixed in this type of paint. It

requires more time to settle and in the process of settlement, it

penetrates through the surface. It may be used for exterior as well as

interior walls.

7. OIL PAINT: This is the ordinary paint and it is generally applied on

three coats of varying composition. They are respectively termed as

primers, undercoats and finishing coats.

Ceramic Tiles :

Ceramic tiles have quickly become one of the most popular types of

materials used in home but often times home owners don’t understand

exactly what they are.

Ceramic tiles is made up of sand, natural products, and clays and once it

has been molded into the shape they are then fired in a kiln.

When making ceramic tiles they can either be

glazed or unglazed, but the majority of

homeowners have glazed ceramic tiles in

their homes.

With their increasing popularity there are hundreds

of different designs of ceramic tiles.

Properties of Ceramic Tiles :

1.Durabilty : Ceramic tiles have a much longer life in comparison to

other materials that are used to cover floors and walls.

Another benefit associated with the durability of ceramic tiles is that

they are resistant to moisture.

2.Resistance : Alongside general durability, ceramic tiles are also

known because of their ample amount of resistances.

3.Color Permanence : Flooring can be exposed to a numerous amount

of materials ranging from chemicals to sunlight.

Ceramic tiles that are constantly exposed to sunlight will not loose their

color or begin to fade.

Due to this property, this helps to ensure that they will remain in

pristine conditions for their entire lifetime.

Brick Tiles :

Brick tiles is also called thin brick or brick veneer. It can be

installed any place a that stone veneer or siding is used, such

as home exteriors, floors patios, fireplaces, or walls.

Brick tiles is made either from salvaged brick shaved into thin

slices, or from new clay that is molded into tiles.

They are sturdy, fireproof, and easy to maintain, as well as

having the classic appearance of real brick at a fraction of the

cost.

They does not need not be painted or stained, and helps

insulate the home and protect it from fore, weather, and water

damage.

Brick tiles has some of the solid

brick’s advantages.

Aluminium Composite panels (A.C.P) :

ACP is a type of flat panel that consists of two thin aluminium

sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core.

Acp’s are frequently used for external cladding or facades of

buildings, insulation, and the signage.

Aluminium sheets can be coated with polyvinylidene fluoride

(PVDF),fluoropolymer resins or polyester paint.

ACP’s are produced in a wide range of metallic and non-

metallic colors as well as patterns that imitate other

materials, such as wood or marble.

WOOD :

Finishing exterior wood is highly dependent on moisture

content, type of wood surface preparation, application

method and finishing system used.

Fiber-Reinforced-Plastics :

• F.R.P are the composite material made of the of a polymer

matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers are usually glass,

carbon, aramid, or basalt.

• Rarely other fibers like paper or wood or asbestos have been

used.

• F.R.P’s are much stronger than other materials.

• F.R.P is basically used in roofs and wall-cladding.

• It is one of the form of the plastics.

STRENGTH OF GLASS

• Glass is a brittle material and does not deform plastically before failure;

it fails in tension regardless of the nature of loading.

• The potential tensile strength of glass is high but failure may occur at

average stresses low in strength due to stress concentrations at

surface imperfections both inherent in the glass and mechanically

created.

• Glass is most valuable at edges as surface imperfections from cutting

and handling add to the possibility of failure.

• Breakage tends to originate at microscopic flaws at or near the edge

regardless of whether the cause is thermal or uniform pressure.

• Surface flaws are produced in glass by abrasion with most solids—even

by the touch of a finger and particularly by another piece of glass that

rubs against it during manufacture. Flaws have a stress-concentrating

effect; that is, the effective stress at the tip of a flaw can be easily 100

to 1,000 times greater than that is applied.

AESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF GLASS

• Glass is can a transparent or

translucent material, allowing light

to pass through, thus allowing

users to see in or out. It will also

allow light to it can fill dark areas of

building or office. Natural lighting

has positive affects on people and

well as health reasons. In flooring

can add appeal by having lights

shine through (dance floors) or over

things of interest (aquariums).

• Apart from creating an attractive

appearance on the outside, glass

enhances the inside of any building,

making it light and airy. With its

many decorative properties it can

combine the aesthetic with the

functional, as mirror glass,

patterned glass, screen-printed

glass, matt glass, lacquered glass

etc.