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SURFACE FINISHES, DOORS AND WINDOWS

SURFACE FINISHES OR PLASTERINGProcess of covering rough walls and

uneven surfaces in the construction of houses and other structures with a cement mortar called plastering.

ObjectivesTo provide an even surface, improve appearance

To protect surface from the effects of natural

agencies

To conceal the defective workmanship

To provide satisfactory base for painting, white

washing etc.,

Internal plastering – to protect the surfaces

against dust and vermin nuisance

Objectives

TERMITE ATTACK

TERMITE ATTACK

DEFECTS IN WALLDEFECTS IN WALL

TypesLime PlasterCement plasterMud PlasterWaterproof

plaster

MethodsApplied in one, two,

or three coatsPlastering in two

coatsPlastering in three

coats

DOORSAn openable barrier secured in a wall

opening

Door frame – fixed to the wall

Door shutter – held in position - hinges

LOCATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWSNumber of doors in a room – minimum

Door – 20 cm away from the corner

Window – satisfy functional requirements

Window opposite to door – cross ventilation

Window – prevailing direction of wind

Sill of window – 70 to 80 cm above floor level

DOOR AREA REQUIREMENTSDoor

Interior doors – 0.8 m widthExternal doors – 1.0 m widthDoors in public buildings – 1.20 m width

Height of door = width + 0.9 to 1.1 meter

WINDOW AREA REQUIREMENTWindow size

Total area – 10 to 20% of total floor areaPublic buildings – Minimum 20% of the floor

areaGlass panels area – 8 to 10% of total floor

area

Dimensions, use - location of the room, Direction and speed of the wind, Climatic conditions of the regions

DOORHead

HornTop rail

Bottom rail

Hold fast

Style

Frame

Pan

el

TYPES OF DOORSBattened and ledged doorsBattened, ledged and braced doorsBattened, ledged, braced and framed doorsFramed and panelled doorsGlazed or sash doorsFlush doorsLouvered doorsRevolving doorsCollapsible steel doorsRolling steel shutter doors

BATTENED AND LEDGED DOORS

BATTENED LEDGED AND BRACED DOORSBetter stability – bracesWide openings

TYPES OF BATTENED, LEDGED AND BRACED DOORS

BATTENED LEDGED BRACED AND FRAMED DOORS

More durableStrongerVertical members - styles

FRAMED AND PANELLED DOOR

StrongBetter appearancePanel thickness – 20

mmTwo leaves – wider

openings

GLAZED / SASH DOORS

Additional light requirementNails, putty or wooden

beads

FLUSH DOOR

Smooth and clean surfaceStrong and sound proof to an

extent

LOUVERED DOORVision not obstructedPermits free passage to

airFixed or movable

REVOLVING DOORRegulate the

entry of personsEntry and exit at

the same time

COLLAPSIBLE STEEL DOOR16 to 20 mm wide @ 10 – 12 cm

16 to 20 mm wide mild steel flats

ROLLING STEEL SHUTTER DOOR

Steel plates of 1 to 1.25 mm thick

WINDOWSHead

Transome light

Hold fast

Frame

Style

Transome

Sill

Pan

elP

anel

TYPES OF WINDOWSCasement windowsDouble-hung windowsPivoted windowsSliding windowsLouvered windowsSash or glazed windowsMetal windowsBay windowsGable windowsDormar windows

CASEMENT WINDOW

DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW

PIVOTED WINDOW

SLIDING WINDOW

LOUVERED WINDOW

SASH OR GLAZED WINDOW

METAL WINDOWS

BAY WINDOWS

Square bay window

Frame splayed bay window

GABLE AND DORMAR WINDOWS

Dormar Window

Gable Window