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Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination

This Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Project Number: 46543-002 Grant Number: 0356-TAJ Period covered: May 2016

Tajikistan: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project

Prepared by SMEC International (Pty) Ltd Australia,

In association with LLC “AVTOSTRADA”

Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

For Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Tajikistan and Project Implementation Unit

Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination

Feeder Roads

At 15 points of Vose-Khovaling Road

Republic of Tajikistan: CAREC Transport Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project

(Vose-Khovaling 88km and Sayron-Karamyk 89km)

Financed by the Asian Development Bank (Grant No: 0356-TAJ)

Prepared by Project Management & Construction Supervision Consultant:

SMEC International (Pty) Ltd, Australia In association with LLC “AVTOSTRADA”, Tajikistan

For

Ministry of Transport, Republic of Tajikistan Asian Development Bank

May, 2016

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ

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_____________________________________________________________________________________ Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 2 of 66

TABLECONTENTSAbbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 6 Units of Measurement ........................................................................................................ 6 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Background ...................................................................................................................... 7

1.2. Scope of Work ................................................................................................................. 7

2. METHODOLOGY FOR SIEE ......................................................................................... 8 2.1. Data Collection ................................................................................................................ 8

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................. 9 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .............................................................................. 9 4.1. Location of Project ................................................................................................................ 9

4.2 Type and Category of Project .............................................................................................. 12

4.3 Need for the Project ............................................................................................................ 12

4.4 Project Implementation Arrangements .............................................................................. 12

4.5 Scope of Work ..................................................................................................................... 12

4.6 Project Benefits ‐Environmental Consideration ............................................................. 23

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 23 5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 23

5.2. Physical Resources in Project Area ..................................................................................... 23

5.2.1. Climate ......................................................................................................................... 23

5.2.2. Topography .................................................................................................................. 24

5.2.3. Soil and Geological Characteristics .............................................................................. 24

5.2.4. Seismology ................................................................................................................... 24

5.2.5. Water Resources ......................................................................................................... 25

5.2.6. Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 27

5.2.7 Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 28

5.3. Ecological Resources in Project Area .................................................................................. 28

5.3.1. Fisheries ....................................................................................................................... 28

5.3.2 Wildlife ......................................................................................................................... 28


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5.3.3. Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 28

5.3.4. Protected Areas ........................................................................................................... 28

6. SITE AND ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES ................................................................. 29 7. OTHER FEATURES .................................................................................................... 29 7.1 Climate Change .................................................................................................................... 29

7.2 Land Acquisition .................................................................................................................. 29

8. SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......... 29 8.1 Impacts Related to Location and Design ............................................................................. 30

8.1.1 Effects on Public and Private Property ......................................................................... 30

8.1.2 Cut and Fill .................................................................................................................... 30

8.1.3 Ecology and Wildlife ..................................................................................................... 30

8.2 Impacts Related to Construction ......................................................................................... 30

8.2.1 Extraction of Materials ................................................................................................. 30

8.2.2 Transport of Materials .................................................................................................. 31

8.2.3 Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................................ 31

8.2.4 Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 31

8.2.5 Utilities .......................................................................................................................... 32

8.2.6 Disruption of Traffic ...................................................................................................... 32

8.2.7 Site Safety ..................................................................................................................... 33

8.2.8 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 33

8.2.9 Noise and Vibration ...................................................................................................... 34

8.3 Impacts Related to the Operation Phase ............................................................................ 34

8.3.1 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 34

8.3.2 Noise ............................................................................................................................. 34

8.3.3 Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 35

8.3.4 Road Safety ................................................................................................................... 35

8.3.5 Storm Water Flows ....................................................................................................... 36

9. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN 41 9.1. Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................... 41


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9.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring .................................................................... 43

9.2.1 Environmental Management Plan ................................................................................ 43

9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................................................ 43

9.2.3 Rationale for Monitoring .............................................................................................. 44

9.2.4 Monitoring of Construction Impacts ............................................................................ 44

9.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation of the Road ......................................................... 44

10. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................. 51 10.1 Public Consultations .......................................................................................................... 51

11. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................. 51 12. KEY FINDINGS ......................................................................................................... 56 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 56 References ...................................................................................................................... 58 APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................... 59


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Figures

FIGURE 4.1: REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF VOSE-KHOVALING ROAD ..... 10

FIGURE 4.2: FEEDER ROADS PROPOSED FOR THE REHABILITATION ............................ 11

Tables

TABLE 4.1a: LIST OF VILLAGES AND LENGTH of ROADS……………………………………………….13 TABLE 4.1B: LIST OF PROPOSED WORKS FOR FEEDER ROADS ................................... 14

TABLE 5.1 AVERAGE ANNUAL SUB-SOIL WATER LEVELS OF STUDY AREAS ................ 27

TABLE 8.1: SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .... 37

TABLE 9.1: INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................ 42

TABLE 9.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................... 46

TABLE 9.3: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM .............................................. 49

TABLE 10.1. MAIN PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETINGS IN FRAME IF SIEE STUDY 51

TABLE 10.2. OVERVIEW OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETING…………… 53

TABLE 11.1: EMP MITIGATION COSTS .................................................................... 54

TABLE 11.2: EMP BASELINE AND ROUTINE MONITORING COSTS .............................. 56

Photographs

PHOTO 5.1: RIVER YAKHSU IN VOSE ...................................................................... 26


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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank CSC Construction Supervision Consultant СEP Committee of Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan DEP Department of Environmental Protection EA Executing Agency EMP Environmental Management Plan EMR Environmental Monitoring Report HSE Health Safety and Environment IEE Initial Environmental Examination L/S Lump sum MoT Ministry of Transport O&M Operation and Maintenance PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office RoW Right of Way SIEE Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan PM Particulate Matter TA Technical Assistance TMP Traffic Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan ToR Terms of reference

Glossary

GOST State standards, which regulate requirements to almost all kinds of

products and activities Jamoat Sub-district administrative unit MAC Maximum Allowable Concentration of a harmful substance in air, soil or

water Study A detailed critical inspection

Units of Measurement

°C degree Celsius

cm centimeter

km kilometer

km2 square kilometer

m meter

m2 square meter

mg/L milligram per liter


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

1. This Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination SIEE Report has been prepared as part of the Asian Development Bank supports (ADB Grant No. 0356) in undertaking the reconstruction of Feeder Roads under one of the components of CAREC1 corridors 3 and 5 and the sub-network of Vose–Khovaling 86.8 km road Project activities. The Government of Tajikistan is requesting the use of ADB financing for rehabilitation of 15 feeder roads connected with main road. The SIEE addressed the possible environmental impacts of road reconstruction measures to be undertaken in pilot districts. The project proponent is Ministry of Transport (MoT) of the Republic of Tajikistan.

2. The objective of the study is to help the Government prepare a road reconstruction project to accelerate efficient transport within the country and examine environmental safeguards suitable for ADB financing.

1.2. Scope of Work

3. The purpose of this SIEE is to provide an assessment of the environmental concerns

that need to be taken into account with regard to the reconstruction and improvement of 15 Feeder Roads which starts at the intersection of KM2+395, KM3+010, KM6+920, KM10+880, KM 14+060,KM15+140, KM15+800, KM26+140, KM61+940, KM63+750, KM65+300, KM72+500, KM73+880, KM76+740, KM79+920 of Vose-Khovaling Road. The SIEE provides an initial screening of the activities to be carried out under the proposed project, with the intention of identifying potentially significant environmental impacts, determining appropriate mitigation measures, and identifying if any further assessment is required.

4. In addition, this SIEE aims to identify the likely impacts, both positive and negative and assess the impacts on the environment of the proposed intervention undertaken by the Ministry of Transport (MoT). The basic objective is to ensure that nobody is made worse off as a result of such reconstruction activities. In order to achieve this objective all negative impacts have to be mitigated for and the costs of doing this included in the financial and economic analysis of the project. The overall aim is to ensure that the proposed feeder roads reconstruction is environmentally sound and sustainable following the international requirements laid out in Agenda 21 of the Rio Convention to which Tajikistan is a signatory.

The scope of work includes the following.

5. Description of the general environmental settings of the project area as baseline information; Nature of potential impacts of the project, its magnitude, duration, and spatial distribution of impacts; identification of affected groups; other items are as follows:

Information on potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact including

1The CAREC countries comprise Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, the People's Republic of China (focusing on

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan and

Uzbekistan


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mitigation costs;

Assess the best alternative project at most benefits and least costs in terms of financial, social, and environmental consideration; and

Basic information for formulating management and monitoring plan.

2. METHODOLOGY FOR SIEE

6. The SIEE follows the methodology outlined in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement

2009 and Framework Laws on the Environment Protection of the Government of Tajikistan 2011. The experiences of other studies in preparing SIEE documentation for road sector have also been reviewed. This SIEE was prepared based on field investigation, review of secondary data and information acquired from the MoT.

7. This report covers the description of existing environmental conditions for the 15 road

corridors of different lengths, assessment of environmental impact of the project components, recommended mitigation measures and environmental monitoring. The scope of the SIEE covers the natural and human environment, their interaction and any induced change brought about by the proposed interventions. The environmental impact was considered for activities during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the Project.

2.1. Data Collection

8. The objective of data collection was to provide a database on existing conditions, to be

used for predicting the likely changes that are expected and for monitoring such changes. The first step was to undertake a project reconnaissance followed by scoping exercise, identifying the parameters which needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. The sources of data were identified and relevant existing data from authentic secondary sources was collected from the Jamoat Radjabov office in Vose, and district MoT office. In addition relevant data was collected from site visit, observation and public consultation using a checklist. The environmental components for which data was collected are: Physical environment; Ecological environment and Human interest and quality of life values.

9. Therefore, this SIEE Study is the result of a major inter-disciplinary effort, including limited field

data collection exercise, analysis and interpretation of their results. Following tasks were implemented:

i. Consultation with relevant MOTC staff;

ii. Consultations with Contractor;

iii. Consultations with residents in the project area;

iv. Review of available safeguards documents (IEE, EMP, SSEMP, environmental monitoring reports);

v. Field researches of the roads (in April-May 2016) and

vi. Compiling the draft Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination Report.


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Key findings:

i. Proposed works will not have significant environmental impact;

ii. Existing EMP/SSEMP (with WMP, ERP, TMP and other Annexes) with mitigation

measures can cover all possible environment issues

10. The results of the study suggest that the impact of this sub-project does not incur any major

negative environmental impact.

11. Consultation with local community and local Government representatives: Consultations

with Vose and Khovaling government authorities, community members have been conducted

during feasibility studies of the feeder roads for preparation of this due diligence report.

Discussions were held about impact of this sub-projects to local community members’

livelihoods and other concerns that are raised by any other stakeholders of the sub-project

feeder roads.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS

12. An overview of the policy and legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment

guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project are described in details in IEE for

CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project dated June 2013. The document also

identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will

be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental and social

policies and guidelines.

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

4.1. Location of Project

13. The 15 individual Project Feeder Roads linked together are of moderately trafficked single

carriageway that is past its serviceability date. The Feeder road projects start with a junction to

the regional Vose-Khovaling Highway at KM2+395, KM3+010, KM6+920, KM10+880, KM

14+060,KM15+140, KM15+800, KM26+140, KM61+940, KM63+750, KM65+300, KM72+500,

KM73+880, KM76+740, KM79+920.

14. The Figure-4.1 shows the Vose-Khovaling Road.


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Figure 4.1: Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose-Khovaling road (86.8 km)

15. Following villages connect by with roads with Vose-Khovaling roads:

1. Darai -Mukhtor

2. Shekh -Mazon

3. Dorobi

4. Lohuti

5. Pushti -Shahid

6. Kuldara

7. Navruho

8. Sadbargo

9. Darnaichi

10. Gelot

11. Uchkun

12. Kainar

13. Guliston

14. Tub.Bolnitsa

15. Kirov

16. Figure 4.2 below shows the location of feeder roads proposed for rehabilitation.


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Figure 4.2: Feeder roads proposed for the rehabilitation

17. Images of the current status of the access roads proposed for the reconstruction are shown in

Appendix-1.The existing roads have lost their geometric shape due to deformation and


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potholes forming in the road surface. The roads are in need of reconstruction considering the

moderate volumes of traffic flow.

4.2 Type and Category of Project

18. The Feeder Roads Improvement Project will consist of infrastructure improvements. Typical

works, divided into Project phases, include:

Detailed Design: Contractor must prepare and review detailed design for the reconstruction of

the road, and the cross drainage works, taking into account the design concepts prepared

during the feasibility study and the requirements of the SIEE & EMP.

Construction: The detailed design will occur in conjunction with the reconstruction phase of the

project. The main construction phase aspects include; construction and rehabilitation of

pavement, drainage, and earthworks.

Operation and Maintenance: From the Commencement Date to the date of Taking Over of the

Works by the Employer (the MoT), the Contractor shall be solely responsible for routine, winter

and emergency maintenance.

19. Considering the ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy Statement of 2009, this Project falls

under ADB’s project Category B. Considering the type and magnitude of activities and the

absence of significant land acquisition and new road construction, no significant impacts that

will warrant the conduct of an EIA are foreseen. As such, and SIEE was prepared for the

Project.

4.3 Need for the Project

20. The 15 Feeder Roads are single carriageway roads in poor condition and in need of

reconstruction. The pavement has lost its geometric profile and is deformed and potholed. The

road carries moderate traffic volumes on a daily basis being the main feeder roads from the

Vose-Khovaling Districts

4.4 Project Implementation Arrangements

21. The Ministry of Transport (MoT) will be the executing agency (EA). The MoT has implemented

several ADB assisted road projects since 1998 and has the reasonable project management

capacity. The project implementation unit (PIU) staffs have the necessary experience and

skills. Technical departments of MoT will also assist the PIU during project implementation.

Project implementation will take 1 months from commencement of construction.

4.5 Scope of Work

22. The Project outputs comprise road reconstruction, and improvements to pavements and

drainage structures, retaining walls and slope protection works for the individual 15 roads of

15.7 km length in Vose district and 14.1 km length - in Khovaling district, in a phased manner.

The longest road proposed for the rehabilitation is access road to the Gelot village – 4,2 km;

the shortest – to the tuberculosis hospital –Tuberculosis Balnitsa–about half a kilometer.


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23. Table-4.1a and Table 4.1b below summarizes the number of villages and length of roads,

quantities of earthworks, pavement and drainage works required for the project.

Table 4.1a: List of villages and length of roads

# District Name of Village Length of the road (km)

Chainage (km)

1

Khovaling

Dari Mukhtor 1.8 2+395

2 ShekhMazon 1.3 3+010

3 Dorobi 1.5 6+920

4 Lohuti 1.4 10+880

5 Pushti Shahid 1.5 14+060

6 Kuldara 2.0 15+140

7 Navruho 1.5 15+800

8 Sadbargo 3.1 26+140

Total in Khovaling district

14.1

9

Vose

Darnaichi 2.1 61+940

10 Gelot 4.2 63+750

11 Uchkun 1.5 65+300

12 Guliston 2.1 72+500

13 Kainar 3.3 73+880

14 Tub-Balnitsa 0.5 76+740

15 Kirov 2.0 79+920

Total in Vose district

15.7

Overall 15 rural feeder roads for rehabilitation with total length of 29.8 km


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1Table 4.1b: List of proposed works for Feeder roads

Sl.No

Pay Item Description Unit Quantities Rate

(USD) Amount Remarks

Khovaling district

I Access road to DaraiMukhtor Village

1 403,1 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)

m2 9000 0,52 4680,00

2 404,20 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km)

m3 28 9,56 267,68

3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1372 19,34 26534,48

4 701,20 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4cm thick

m3 300 204,08 61224,00

5 910,1 Construction of stone masonry retaining walls and revetments in cement mortar (1:3)

m3 100 114,07 11407,00

6 1101.6 Culvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone masonry in cement mortar

m3 3,6 97,59 351,32

7 Official publication of

estimate prices 2 quarter 2016

Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall m 12 66,33 795,96

II Access road to Shekhmazon Village

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair

Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material

with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm

thick layers

m3 140 8,26 1156,40

2 403,1 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer m2 3000 0,52 1560,00


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(Subgrade Preparation Type-1)

3 404,20 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous

pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km) m3 150 9,56 1434,00

4 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 1800 0,82 1469,00


6 701,20 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm)

4cm thick m3 295 204,08 60203,60

7 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 5850 1,13 6610,50

III Access road to Dorobi Village

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m3 40 8,26 330,40

2 403,1 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer

(Subgrade Preparation Type-1) m2 6500 0,52 3380,00




4 cm thick m3 310 204,08 63264,80


7 1101.6 Cuvvete Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone

masonry in cement mortar m3 7,2 97,59 702,65


estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 14 66,33 928,62


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quarter 2016

IV Access road to Lohuti Village

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m3 45 8,26 371,70

2 402.10 Road bed excavation and excavation in cut m3 0 1,72 0,00








4 cm thick m3 291 204,08 59438,30


V Access road to PushtiShahid Village

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m3 150 8,26 1239,00




pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) m3 25 9,56 239,00



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4 cm thick m3 338 204,08 68877,00


VI Access road to Kuldara Village







4 cm thick m3 400 204,08 81632,00



masonry in cement mortar m3 86 97,59 8392,74


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016


VII Access road to Navruho Village




pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) m3 112,5 9,56 1075,50


4 701,2 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) m3 300 204,08 61224,00


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4 cm thick


masonry in cement mortar m3 51,6 97,59 5035,64


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016


VIII Access road to Sadbargo Village

1 402.10 Road bed excavation and excavation in cut m3 600 1,72 1032,00

2 402.50 Embankment Construction for roads and associated

works up to bridge pay lines m3 600 1,59 954,00



4 603,10 Aggregate Base Course m3 2187,50 19,34 42306,25


4 cm thick m3 437,50 204,08 89285,00

6 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9843,75 1,13 11123,44


masonry in cement mortar m3 252 97,59 24592,68


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016


Vose District

IX Access road to Darnaichi Village



2 404,2 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous m3 105 9,56 1003,80


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pavement(average transport distance up to 24km)



4 cm thick m3 420 204,08 85713,60


6 1101.6 Сulvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone

masonry in cement mortar (1:3) m3 2,4 97,59 234,22


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016

Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 7 66,33 464,31

8 1205,1

Production, installation and coloration of bridge railings

including railings on approaches of steel drand C 3 п

(consumption of steel for 1rm -0,06t; paint -0,5 kg/m

lm 24 100,04 2400,96

X Access road to Gelot Village - Bridge

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m2 360 8,26 2973,60







4 cm thick m3 840 204,08 171427,20




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masonry in cement mortar (1:3) m3 3,6 97,59 351,32

9 1205,1


including railings on aproaches of steel drand C 3 п


lm 24 100,04 2400,96

10 1103,1 Clearing under the Bridge

m3 80 3,06 244,80

XI Access road to Uchkun Village







4 cm thick m3 300 204,08 61224,00



estimate prices 2

quarter 2016


7 1205,1


including railings on aproaches of steel drand C 3 п


lm 12 100,04 1200,48

XII Access road to Guliston Village



2 404,2 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous m3 100 9,56 956,00


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pavement(average transport distance up to 24km)

3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1260,00 19,34 24368,40


4 cm thick m3 420,00 204,08 85713,60

5 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9450,00 1,13 10678,50


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016


XIII Access road to Kaduchi-Kaynar Villages

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m3 36 8,26 297,36







4 cm thick m3 537 204,08 109590,96




masonry in cement mortar (1:3) m3 6 97,59 585,54


estimate prices 2

quarter 2016



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10 1205,1 Bridge railing repair lm 24 100,04 2400,96

XIV Access road to Tuberkuleznayabolnica

1

Estimate of

Patching

repair



thick layers

m3 130 8,26 1073,80





4 cm thick m3 133 204,08 27040,60



XV Access road to Kirov Village







4 cm thick m3 400 204,08 81632,00



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4.6 Project Benefits-Environmental Consideration

24. The Project aims to provide an efficient and safe internal feeder road transportation system for the movement of passengers, goods and services in an environmentally sustainable manner. The Project will (i) improve intra-transport infrastructure of the region, (ii) accelerate a vital north-south connectivity with corridor Vose-Khovaling road for the national and international movement of passengers and freight; will facilitate regional trade, support poverty reduction while accelerating growth and development in the country as a whole, (iii) establish a new and fast link between Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, and (iv) accelerate social and economic development while raising the living standard of local inhabitants.

25. The road re-construction will further promote traffic safety with positive impacts on air quality and noise levels. It will reduce overall emissions by eliminating the multiple deceleration-acceleration cycles currently required when passing through the existing road. Overall the quality of life in the nearby city and villages is expected to increase significantly. 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

5.1. Introduction

26. In the initial environmental examination study, it is imperative to study the existing

environmental conditions not only to establish the present physical, biological and socio-

economic scenario but also to predict future impacts owing to construction, operation

and maintenance of the project.

5.2. Physical Resources in Project Area 5.2.1. Climate

27. Tajikistan experiences a continental type of climate, temperature range from extreme low

in winter of -63˚c in the Pamirs to an extreme high of 45˚C in summer in the lowlands.

Precipitation is low all over the country, but the southern slopes of the Hissar Range

north of Dushanbe sometimes receive about 1,600mm per year, valleys are often in rain

shadow. Solar radiation is intense, cloudiness is low, and the air is dry. Frost is

experienced in spring and autumn, limiting the growing season for tropical crops.

28. The local climate of the project area is illustrated by meteorological records from Kulob

for the period 1940-1990. The average water-year is from October to September,

precipitation was 564 mm although individual values ranged between 300 mm (1946)

and 913 mm (1968). No clear climatic trends can be discerned although the period from

1945 to 1950 was drier than average but there is no clear evidence of persistent climate

change. Kulob is located on the relatively low lying flood plain of the Yakhsu and Kulob

rivers. Precipitation in the hills and mountains can be expected to be heavier than at

Kulob due to orographic effects.The average monthly temperature of January is basically

positive 0, 3-2, 5°С.


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5.2.2. Topography

29. The project area and its surroundings are characterized by wide valleys and plains with a maximum elevation up to 800m at the northern end and 450m at the southern part, are the basic areas of agriculture and cotton planting. It is the southwest part of Kulob valleys which continues in Vose, Farkhor and western part of Hamadoni districts, along the Kizilsu, Yakhsu and Pyanj river basins. The area is characterized by the surrounding mountains and riverine sediments, including extensive deposits of pebbles, rock sediments and boulders. However due to natural flash floods, moderate to very steep gradient and high level sediment of gravel and cobbles brought down by the river. Settlement and agriculture in these valleys is always fighting against natural river processes. Some of the mountains are of Pleistocene formation, have high density drainage networks of steep streams delivering runoff and sediment rapidly to the valleys below. Flash floods, landslides and mudslides are common. At lower elevations there are rolling loess hills and relatively flat highland (plateaux), with a low density of surface drainage, fringing the flood plains of the rivers and tributaries of Kizilsu and Yakhsu.

5.2.3. Soil and Geological Characteristics

30. Along the Kizilsu-Yakhsu river banks, the land is characterized by stones, boulders, pebbles, sands and sediment deposits. The floodplain soils of the region are typically silt loams, loams, sandy loams and loamy sands characterized by little clay of alluvial origin. These soils have relatively medium fertility, and surrounding lands of the valleys are relatively sloping and these tend to be the most coarsely textured soils.

5.2.4. Seismology

31. In Tajikistan, seismicity score of 9 in the Richter Scale are located in zones of possible

occurrence of the centers of earthquakes (zones the VOZ) with magnitudes 7,1 and

more, are noted by a sign* at a figure below. Earthquakes with such magnitude can

cause residual deformations on the surface of the ground, destructive effects such as:

landslips, landslides, mud floods, and also seismic influences with intensity more than 9

score.

32. The characteristics of Project Area and adjoining districts are as follows:

- Kulob* -81

- Vose -71

- Moskovskii (Hamadoni) -81

- Farkhor -71

33. In the territory there are more than 1000 earthquakes, the measured shocks were 2-3 in the Richter scale. Other natural disasters in the country include flooding, landslides and collapses.


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5.2.5. Water Resources

Surface Water

34. Tajikistan is rich in water resources. The average water flow from one square kilometer is

354 thousand cubic meters per year - four times more than the average for the entire

region of Central Asia. In flood season the rivers have large amounts of suspended

sediment, which increase land erosion by water. For example, River Kofarnihan moves

about 10 million tons of sediment each year and the South-Kizilsu -- more 15 million

tons. As a result, in one place the banks are blurred, in others - ground and islands

appear. Therefore, a lot of money is spent annually to secure the banks and dams of

such destructive rivers.

35. In Tajikistan four main types of rivers can be identified, these are:

Glacial-snow Rivers

36. In these rivers flow lasts until seven months of the year with the largest volume of water

in July and August. This is relevant to almost all major rivers in the country, such rivers

are Vanj, Pyanj, Zaravshon, etc.

Snow-glacial Rivers

37. These rivers are Karatag and Kofarnihan with their tributaries, including the Varzob river,

which reaches the capital of the republic. Their highest volume is around May-June.

Snow Rivers

38. In these rivers flow lasts four to six months, with the greatest volume in April or May.

These are rivers like Kofarnihan, tributary of Varzob - Luchob, Harangon and others.

Snow-rainwater Rivers

39. These types of rivers are usually observed at lower elevations. Flow lasts about four

months, with its peak in April. These are rivers like Kizilsu (Southern), Yakhsu, Tairsu,

etc.

40. Thus, one of the main differences between Mountain Rivers and those in lower elevation

(lowlands) is a long and stormy flow, during which the river runs 70 - 90% of its annual

flow.

41. The Kizilsu River compared to the Yakhsu and Kulyab Rivers has clay banks and a

relatively shallow gradient (Photo-5.1). Some stretches of the Kizilsu valley have been

pinched too tightly by agricultural development and farmers sometimes get short term

crops out of rich silt in the old meanders. In the upper Kizilsu near Zardolobagh and

especially around Kaduchi on the right bank there are very extensive areas of


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agricultural land which are clearly worth protecting and can be protected with localized

work on the river together with some set back.

Photo 5.1: River Yakhsu in Vose

42. The Kizilsu, Yakhsu, and Pyanj rivers are morphologically alive; they formed very wide

(hundreds of meters) alluvial fans in the relatively flatter valleys along the project area.

Huge volume of boulders, cobbles, shingles and sand associated with silt are being

carried out from the upstream part in these rivers and deposited year after year in the

alluvial fans which has been accumulated now to a thick deposit of several meters. The

Yakhsu river, near the Stone Grinding Plant close to the Kulob Airport, has been silted

up by about 8m over a period of 20 years.

43. During spring and early summer, high turbulence, strong currents and erosion of the rivers Kizilsu-Yakhsu include channel shifting, the creation of new channels during floods, bank slumping due to under cutting, and local scouring from the turbulence caused by obstruction. The rivers flow within meander belts on extensive floodplain where erosion is heavy during the flood time. Kizilsuriver is the primary source of irrigation water as it has moderate flows round the year. The river has a high sediment load, particularly in the spring and early summer, and the sediment is basically abrasive.

44. River Yakhsu and River Kulob run parallel to each other in the relatively narrow and well

populated valley which constitutes the main settled land in Kulob District. These rivers

and their tributaries flow through non-cohesive gravels at a steep gradient and are highly

mobile and create major flooding problems throughout the valley.

Groundwater

45. Within the Kizilsu-Yakhsu river basins groundwater reserves are high; it varies between

2.15m in Kulob district and 4.05m in Vose district. Groundwater is recharged by

snowmelt leaching process; water-logging is noticeable at Nizniafgan village and

adjoining areas which is saline. The mineral composition varies between 0,430 and

0,560 mg/l in Kulob; 0,880 and 1,470 mg/l in Vose; 0,950 and 1,240 in Farkhor District


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(Table-: 5.1).

2Table 5.1 Average Annual Sub-soil Water Levels of Study Areas

Year

Depth of Under

Ground Water (m)

Minerals

(mg/l) Chemical Composition of Water

1 4 5 6

Kulyab District (Yaksu Valley)

1996 3,45 0,430

СЕ, С 3,Са, Nа

(chloride- hydrocarbonate, calcium

hardness sodium)

1998 3,47

1999 2,85

2000 3,55

2001 3,46

2002 2,87

2007 2,61 0,560

2008 2,15

Vose District (Yaksu-Kizilsu Valley)

1996 3,12 0,880

SO4, HCO, Са, Nа

(chloridesulfate calcium hardness

sodium)

1998 3,45

1999 3,80

2000 4,05

2001 3,31

2002 3,20

2007 2,85 1,470

2008 3,15

Source: Head of Kulob, Groundwater Soil-reclamation Group

5.2.6. Air Quality

46. Within the project area, there are no major industrial pollutants that could be sources of


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significant air emissions, such that air quality is considered relatively good. Cotton, fruits and food processing industries operating in the project hinterland areas are limited. Ambient air quality is insignificantly influenced by minor exhaust from taxis and inter-district microbus services. However, seasonal dust storms are an issue especially where vegetation is low. Dusts will be an issue in summer during construction period.

5.2.7 Water Quality

47. The water quality in the Pyanj is cleaner than its tributaries notably the Kyzylsu which

flows into the Pyanj is adversely affected by development. The Kyzylsu changes in quality depending on whether it is swollen by snow melt which improves it or by rainfall/runoff which makes it worse. Water quality is monitored by the Department of Analytical Control which has small sections in Kulob and Kurgan-Tuybe where a water inspector is based. The Water Code of 2000 sets out policies on water management and permits as well as delegating Water User Associations to operate and maintain on-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure.

5.3. Ecological Resources in Project Area

5.3.1. Fisheries

48. Within the study area, the fish species are available during spring and summer seasons

in Kizilsu and Yakhsu rivers. The species are sudak, sagmoi, shirmoei, sazan, karac,

marinka and others. Fishing in the river appears to be practiced during spring, summer

and fall seasons.

5.3.2 Wildlife

49. There are no known rare, endangered or threatened wildlife species in the area. The species identified during the field survey, discussions with local people and observation, consists of grey lizard, common house rat, common smooth water snake and birds such as pigeon, crows, tailorbird and robin.

5.3.3. Vegetation

50. There are no endangered or rare species of vegetation in and around the project study

area. The project area is characterized by scattered pebbles and stones; available

vegetation consists of scattered fragments of shrubs, vines and grasses. In the project

influence area, common species are maple, mulberry, birch, apricot etc. In the far south,

vegetation communities are short grass, bluegrass-sedgy semi savannas (Poabulbosa,

Carexpachystylis) with fragments worm wood deserts (Artemisia scotina, Salsolarichteri)

and cotton.

5.3.4. Protected Areas 51. There are no protected sites within or immediately adjacent to the feeder road study


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area. The agricultural land and scattered planted community forests are major habitats for water birds and local species.

6. SITE AND ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES

52. The analysis of alternative is an effective tool to examine the number of options (siting

and technology) and establishing most environmentally favorable alternative, or with

cause minimum environmental loss to the natural and social environment.

53. For this specific project, site alternatives do not include alternative routes, re-alignments,

by-passes and similar actions. In this instance, due to the topographical conditions of the

region no site or alignment alternatives can be considered as there is no alternate route

from Vose-Khovaling junctions at selected chainage to the Feeder Roads.

7. OTHER FEATURES

7.1 Climate Change

54. Extreme climatic events are likely to result in prolonged and more intense precipitation,

wider temperature extremes and longer periods of drought. Climatic change may

therefore increase the vulnerability of road infrastructure to surface flooding with

consequent pavement deterioration, potential mudslides, and the failure of saturated cut

and fill material. Currently, when extreme events occur, damage is repaired using

emergency funds. The MoT does not have a provision for addressing the increased

occurrence of such climate change associated damage. Issues taken into account

during preliminary design tasks to date include (i) prevention of flooding by raising the

road surface where practicable and designing appropriate side drainage (ii) design of

bridges and culverts to take account of 100 year return storms (iii) inclusion of river bank

protection and scour prevention measures, (iv) additional head clearances for bridges

and culverts to withstand mudslides (v) pavement design for a mechanically bonded

aggregate road base, and a asphaltic surface design mix suitable to withstand

anticipated temperature extremes and (vi) provision for assessment of material

strengths, geotechnical monitoring and control.

7.2 Land Acquisition

55. The preliminary investigation indicates there will be no land acquisition issues as the

existing land is Government owned land.

8. SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

56. This section presents environmental impacts and the identification of suitable mitigation

measures. The Contactor is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan for the

Works addressing all relevant environmental issues The Environmental Management

Plan provided in this DDR provides ready guidance to bidders and for incorporation into


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final contract documents. Further, the screening of environmental impacts and mitigation

measures are detailed in Table-8.1.

8.1 Impacts Related to Location and Design

57. The road reconstruction to take place under the project will be mainly confined to the

existing alignment, with some adjustment of both the vertical and horizontal alignments.

8.1.1 Effects on Public and Private Property

58. No land will be required to acquire for reconstruction of the roads, no graveyard areas will

be affected along the road.No known items of cultural significance such as temples, or

shrines will be affected. No water storage ponds and ditches will be affected by road

reconstruction.

8.1.2 Cut and Fill

59. Material will be cut from beneath the existing road surface in required places to improve

the quality of the road that comply with Feeder Road Design Standards of Tajikistan.

Selected soil fill will be required for road to protect erosion, in locations where the

roadsare formed on an embankment, and this will use some of the cut material.

However, a substantial surplus remains. Demand exists for material to be used as fill on

building sites or to create level areas for recreation, and further surplus material can be

safely deposited in depressions that run parallel to the road, formed by the road

embankment and nearby slopes. As for the transport of sand and aggregate, at night

through urban areas and dust emissions will be reduced by dampening material and

ensuring proper covers are placed over them during transit.

8.1.3 Ecology and Wildlife

60. The proposed roads do not pass through any protected areas or ecologically sensitive

areas. No impacts on ecology and wildlife due to road improvements are expected.

8.2 Impacts Related to Construction

8.2.1 Extraction of Materials

61. Sources of sand and aggregate are abundant for pavement construction locally from

Yakhsu River bed sources. Quarrying and Crushing facilities exist at km 37+00 and Km

68+500 for Quarrying and production of subgrade, (ADB Grant No: 0356-TAJ) CAREC

Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project (Vose-Khovaling 88km and Sayron-Karamyk

89km), and the Contractor Sinohydro may continue use them.

62. No effect on residential areas and discharge silt laden water from sand and aggregate

washing into the river is expected, as these establishments are located at designated

areas. However, the following issues will be considered during reconstruction of roads.


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(a) All crushers will have approved dust minimization equipment as a standard fixture,

and crusher operation will take into account wind conditions to reduce impacts on nearby

homes.

(b) Material collected in the settling ponds will be disposed of at a location approved by

the supervising engineer.

8.2.2 Transport of Materials

63. The transport of materials from the site of extraction to the construction site can

potentially cause disturbance to local traffic, damage to minor roads, and increased dust

and noise nuisance. In order to minimize these impacts associated with the extraction,

preparation and transport of materials, the following measures should be adopted:

(i) Route Plan: An extensive plan detailing the routes to be used, for the transport of

materials will be prepared and submitted for approval prior to the commencement of the

works. The plan will include details of any construction, sealing and reinstatement (if

necessary) if any temporary roads are to be used.

(ii) Construction Plan: Where construction vehicles are likely to cause damage to public

roads, then provision is made for their repair and restoration. Where temporary roads

are necessary to connect to the site, a plan for construction, sealing (or dust

suppression) and reinstatement (if necessary) shall be submitted with the site plan for

approval.

(iii) Water Spraying and Damping: Covers will be placed over transported materials to

guard against dust blow. Water will be sprayed during delivery and handling of materials

when dust is likely to be emitted. Stored materials during dry and windy weather will be

dampened. Where unpaved access tracks are used, these shall be dampened during

dry and windy weather.

8.2.3 Flora and Fauna

64. The proposed Feeder Roads do not pass through any forests, grassland or wildlife

habitats. All land either side of the road is residential or used for agriculture or orchards.

No tree removal will be required. Roadside trees, grasses and shrubs and the habitats

formed by them are potentially vulnerable to toxins that may be released during

construction operations. In order to minimize disturbance to plants and animals, any

toxic and hazardous materials required for construction, including asphalt will be

properly stored and secured, and sited in approved locations. Vehicles and equipment

shall be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel and the

fitting of proper exhaust baffles.

8.2.4 Water Resources

65. Potential impacts on the quality of surface water from construction activities include

pollution from construction vehicles, equipment and materials stores, and poor sanitation


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at work sites, the release of soil where earthworks take place adjacent to watercourses,

reconstruction of culverts that takes place in the canal bed.

66. In order to prevent pollution from construction activities, the following measures need to

be taken and should form part of the contract conditions and specification of the works:

(i) Vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no

leakage of oil or fuel. All workshops will have waste disposal bins to store hydrocarbons

from filters, rags, waste oil for disposal at approved locations.

(ii) All toxic and hazardous materials required for construction, including asphalt, fuel and

caustic substances shall be stored at secure and managed sites, sited a minimum of

20m away from watercourses. The location of storage sites for toxin and hazardous

materials will be shown on specific plans, to be submitted for approval prior to the

commencement of works.

(iii) Vehicles and equipment will be serviced at properly managed and equipped

workshops. Waste oil will be collected and disposed of at approved locations, indicated

on specific plans to be approved prior to the commencement of works.

(iv) Sanitation arrangements will be made at worksites and any accommodation facilities

provided for workers’ accommodation, ensuring that no raw sewage is released into

drains or watercourses. The locations and sewage treatment methods for sanitation

facilities shall be indicated on specific plans submitted for approval prior to the

commencement of works. Suitable treatment may be the use of pit latrines, in which

case plans should include details of the pit volume related to expected level of use,

plugging of used pits with soil (to allow for natural treatment of the waste over time) and

siting (at least 20m from water ways).

8.2.5 Utilities

67. Some overhead telephone and power cables will not be vulnerable to accidental damage

by reconstruction of roads. Where necessary, utilities will be relocated. Effects of

severance during relocation can be mitigated by providing information to the affected

public stating when services will be disrupted, and minimizing to the extent practicable,

the duration of severance of services in each case. Risks of accidental disruption can be

reduced by ensuring that reconstruction machineries such as Excavators, Asphalt road

milling machine, Asphalt Paver, Rubber-tired roller, etc. are operated by trained

personnel, and that operations are adequately supervised.

8.2.6 Disruption of Traffic

68. Existing traffic flows will not be impeded by reconstruction works on the road pavement

operation, and construction or reconstruction of drainage structures. In addition, vehicles

involved in construction will increase traffic flows temporarily. These will result in

congestion, delays and increase in noise and exhaust emissions for short periods.

These impacts can be mitigated by means of the following measures:


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Disseminate advance information to the public about planned construction works,

Planning construction activities to minimize disruption and maintaining at least one open lane where there is no viable alternative route,

If require, signing temporary traffic diversions,

Use of flagmen to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians.

8.2.7 Site Safety

69. Construction activities pose potential hazards to both workers and the public. Hazards

include movement of plant and equipment in confined spaces, and the use of hazardous

substances. Safety to workers and the public can be enhanced by:

(i) Provision to workers of protective clothing including protective footwear, hard hats,

and high visibility jackets for use when construction activity is to take place during day

and night. These should be compliant with relevant standards (for example the GOST

12.4.011-89 Occupational Health Standards: Workers Protective Equipment: General

Standards and Classification, or other standard compatible with International Labor

Organization Recommendation Concerning Safety and Health in Construction (No. 175,

Geneva, 1988).

(ii) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their

responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others.

(iii) Ensuring that plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained.

(iv) Arrangement for provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical

personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and

emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these

arrangements are continually in place.

(v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of

responsibility for this to a designated, qualified and experienced Health and Safety

Officer.

(vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites, and directing vehicle

and pedestrian traffic away from work sites.

8.2.8 Air Quality

70. Air quality related to construction activities are influenced in the following manner.

(i) In a usual situation, pavement improvement operations, asphalt production and

operation of construction vehicles and plant will all release aerial contaminants.


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(ii) Impacts from emissions of hot mix plant can be brought to acceptable levels by

ensuring that they are located as far as possible from residential areas, that high quality

plant are used, that they are operated by appropriately trained and qualified personnel.

(iii) Impacts from dust emissions at quarry sites may be mitigated by using water

sprinklers at crushing plant.

(iv) Emissions from vehicles and plant can be minimized by maintenance of all vehicles

and plant.

8.2.9 Noise and Vibration

71. Noise and vibration from construction machinery can cause nuisance to local residents

and workers. The impact of construction noise can be mitigated by:

(i) Ensuring that construction plant and equipment is maintained to a high standard, and

that exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in a high serviceable condition,

(ii) Consultation will take place with households living near the road to identify sensitive

receptors such as schools and mosques.

8.3 Impacts Related to the Operation Phase

8.3.1 Air Quality

72. Under existing conditions, the quality of the ambient air is impaired by vehicle emissions

in the feeder roads project area. Emissions from idling engines while vehicles remain

stationary during periods of congestion will be a contributory factor if such situations

encountered.

73. The project will therefore enable improvements in overall air quality. However, for these

to be realized, improved traffic law enforcement is necessary to prevent practices such

as obstructive parking and running unmaintained vehicles.

74. Maintenance activities during the operational phase will also potentially result in the

release of air and dust, both directly and through impeding traffic. This effect can be

mitigated by ensuring that maintenance is planned and managed to ensure that work

takes place as far as possible during off traffic periods of low traffic, that dust emissions

are suppressed, and plant and equipment maintained in good serviceable order.

8.3.2 Noise

75. Homes are situated close to the road, the boundaries of some lying within 15 to 20 m of

the centre line. For a given distance to the road, factors that will influence changes in

road noise are the quality of the road surface, the growth in traffic, the proportion of

heavy vehicles, the age of the vehicle fleet, driving speeds, height differences and

terrain.


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76. However, pavement improvements are likely to result in a reduction in noise levels of

around 4dB (A), more or less regardless of traffic volumes or driving speeds. This

decrease will however be offset by increases in driving speeds that are likely to result

from the proposed improvements.

77. Noise levels will increase significantly with increases in traffic volume, particularly of

heavy freight traffic. The IFC Environment Health and Safety Standards community

noise guideline levels for outdoor living areas, the maximum recommended daytime

noise equivalent level 55dB (A).

78. This is likely to be exceeded in all situations, with or without proposed road

improvements, for receptors near the project road. Increases in noise that will result from

project increases in traffic are likely to be significantly, but not fully, offset by surface

improvements.

79. Noise from maintenance activities may be significant but can be mitigated by regular

implementation of maintenance work and information to the public prior to undertaking

maintenance operations.

8.3.3 Water Resources

80. Improvements to the road drainage systems will result in improved storm water flows,

and a reduced tendency for blockages to occur in roadside drains. The design storm

capacity to be applied for the upgrading of bridges and culverts is based on a return

period of 100 years. Risks to public health from the accumulation of stagnant water in

drains, in which disease vectors such as mosquitoes can breed, will be reduced. The

design of the drainage system to withstand design year storm events will reduce risks of

any operational failure of the drainage system. Risks of failure of the drainage system

will be further reduced by regular maintenance.

8.3.4 Road Safety

81. Improvements to road surfaces will include adjustments to vertical and horizontal road

geometry, conducive to safe vehicle travel. While these improvements will permit higher

vehicle speeds which certainly carries a safety risk in accident severity, the potential

negative safety implications will be offset by attention to other aspects of safety in the

design and in enforcement of traffic rules.

82. The safety measures include:

(i) Provision of centre-median of w-beam guard fencing, road marking and studs, edge

delineation on wider pavements, guard railing and chevron markers on bends.

(ii) Provision of sealed shoulders where cycle and other slow and non-motorized traffic is

significant.

(iii) Provision of kerbed footpaths through urban areas.


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(iv) However, enforcement of speed limits and other traffic rules will be necessary to

enhance safety.

8.3.5 Storm Water Flows

83. Storm water flows can potentially damage the road drainage system, and cause flooding,

causing prolonged wetting of the pavement layers, damaging the road pavement.

84. Further, blockages or overflowing of drains can cause damage to surrounding land and

nearby property by scour. The upgrading or replacement of culverts and small bridges to

meet national requirements for 100 year design storm capacity will reduce hazards to

road drainage associated with storm water flow and this is a positive impact.


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3Table 8.1: Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Potential Environmental Impact

Nature of Impact and Duration Mitigation Measures Impact With or Without Mitigation Measures

Magnitude of Impacts

Design and Pre-construction Phase

Privateproperty No land will be affected by the Project

"N/A" "N/A" "N/A"

Impacts on Cultural and Religious Significance

No known items of cultural or religious significance will be affected.

"N/A" "N/A" "N/A"

Construction Phase

Transport of materials:

(a) Disturbance to traffic, road damage,

(b) Noise and dust nuisance

The transport of materials between asphalt plant sites may result in disturbance to traffic as a result of heavy vehicle journeys involved; damage to roads from the heavy vehicle traffic, and noise and dust emissions.

Preparation of a plan detailing haulage routesto be submitted for approval prior to the works, including details of any construction and reinstatement of temporary roads.

Restoration of any damage to public roads that occurs as a result of haulage of materials during the works.

Use of dust covers during transport and spraying of dry materials during dry and windyweather.

Significant or minor

Temporary

Pollution of canal water from spills, vehicles and equipment and from waste

Adjacent to Road No 13, risk of leakage of harmful contaminants into canal water, throughout the construction period, causing temporary damage to the aquatic habitats consisting micro flora and

A plan detailing arrangements for using harmful and hazardous materials, managing spillages and of sanitation arrangements at worksites will be submitted for approval prior to the works.

Management of vehicles and equipment ingood condition, ensuring no undue leakage ofoil or

Significant oreliminated

Temporary


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fauna fuel

Servicing of vehicles and equipment at properly managed and equipped workshops,where waste oil is collected and disposed of at approved locations. All hydrocarbons will be stored in appropriate containers within bunds to prevent accidental spillage. Procedures for managing spillages will be included in worker safety and hygiene training and will include reporting of spillages to a supervisor, immediate cleaning of the site and disposal of the contaminated soil at an approved site.

Flora and Fauna The road does not pass through any homestead forests, grassland or wildlife habitats. All land either side of the road is residential or commercial. However, roadside ornamental trees,grasses and shrubs are potentially vulnerable to toxins that may be released during construction period.

If significant impacts noticed, initiate re-vegetation program.

Minor or no impact

Temporary

Release of sediments

into watercourses

Silt and other fine material generated during pavement work, repairing drainage structures may be discharged into adjacent watercourses

Submission of plans for control of silt during construction, to be submitted for approval prior the works. Designate proper disposal site of waste and excavated material


Temporary

Safety Hazards to Workers and Public

Construction will involve the use of potentially dangerous equipment and some toxic or harmful chemicals. All of these post a risk to both workers and the public over the entire construction period.

Preparation of a site safety plan for approval prior to the works. The plan should include:

(a) Provision of protective clothing and equipment to workers in compliance with relevant standards, (b) Ensuring that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed and trained, (c) Arranging for provision of first aid


Temporary


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facilities, rapid availability of trained paramedical personnel, and emergency procedures and (d) pedestrian traffic away from work sites..

Emissions of dust andexhaust fumes fromconstruction operations

Dust emissions are likely to be caused by the operation of vehicles and plant. The impact will occur along all road sections when pavement and drainage structures are being re-constructed. Households near the road will be particularly affected.

Use of existing asphalt plant site.

Maintenance of all plant and vehicles incompliance with national emissions standards


Temporary

Noise and vibration from construction operations resulting in hazards to workers and nuisance to nearby residents.

Construction works will all cause significant noise, throughout the construction phase.

Maintenance of construction plant and equipment to high standards, ensuring that exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in serviceable condition. Provision of ear protection equipment to workers to limit exposure to noise guideline levels, All reasonable measures are taken to limitnoise generation to guideline levels forresidential areas, For residential areas, schools other sensitive sites, consultations with keypersonnel at each institution to agree acceptable times for carrying out construction operations, when they will have least impact.

Significant orminor

Temporary

Operation Phase

Impacts on air quality The traffic volumes are likely to increase as a result of road improvements.

Surface improvements and improved geometry will help enable a smoother flow of vehicles, reducing the amount of air and noise pollution that comes

Regular and periodical maintenance of the Feeder Roads in its improved state.

Minor or Positive impact

Permanent


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from idling vehicles during periods of congestion, but increased volumes of traffic, particularly of heavyvehicles, may result in deteriorating air quality and increasing noise emissionsin the areas immediately surrounding the roads

Long term road safety Current driver behavior is hazard to passenger and pedestrian safety. Improved road may lead to higher drivingspeeds and therefore some safety risk.

A deterioration of the surface may lead to dangerous driving conditions.

Regular maintenance of the pavement,signage and signals

Major or significant

Permanent

Effects on noise The proposed asphaltic overlay will reduce noise emissions, though overall noise emissions are likely to continue to rise with increased volumes of traffic, particularly heavy vehicles. Noise from maintenance activities canbe significant

Regular and periodical maintenance of theasphalt surface in its improved state,

Implementing routine and periodic maintenance work during daytime hours, and providing the public with information on maintenance tasks.

No impact orPositive impact

Permanent

Note: "N/A"= Not Applicable


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9. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1. Institutional Framework

85. Project Management Office (PMO): The Project’s management will comprise a steering

committee, an interagency working group, a Project Management Organization (PMO or PIURR (Project Implementation Unit for road rehabilitation)) in the MoT.

86. Executing Agency (EA): The Executing Agency (EA) for the Project will be MoT. The

PMO will be responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of the Project. The staffing of PMO will include expertise in project management, hydrology and highway engineering, institution and finance, environment, socioeconomic and community development. The mitigation measures that are incorporated into the design will be verified by the PMO before providing technical approvals. The mitigation measures that form part of the Contract Documents will also be verified by PMO before getting the contract signed between the Executing Agency and the Contractor.

87. The mitigation measures identified in the DDR will be incorporated into the project cycle.

Environmental controls pertaining to design and location will be incorporated into the detailed design by the project consultant. Mitigation measures during construction stage shall form part of the Contract Documents and will be implemented by the contractor.

88. Project Implementation Unit (PIU): The PIU will be headed by a Chief Engineer and will

comprise following sections: (i) Construction Section, (ii) Environment and Social Development Section, (iii) Operations and Management Section and (iv) Project Accounts Section. The PIU will be located within the District office and with the assistance of project consultants, will be responsible for construction supervision, local level procurement activities, contracting local contractors and implementing the engineering and environmental control.

89. The responsibilities of the PIU's, with support from project consultants, shall include (i)

construction supervision and management; (ii) assessment of works carried out by the contractors; and (iii) preparation of quarterly reports on the implementation of environmental mitigation measures and monitoring plan at the construction stage.

90. The contractors will provide the PIU with monthly reports on the implementation of

mitigation measures. The reports prepared by the contractors along with quarterly monitoring reports to be prepared by project consultants will be consolidated and submitted to PMO for review.

91. During the operation stage of the Project, the responsibility of monitoring environmental

performance of Project components should be delegated to the Department of Roads in MoT (recommended to establish an Environment Section in MoT). The National and district Environment Committee will undertake routine and random monitoring of specific environmental plans addressed in this DDR.

92. The following Table 9.1 summarizes the roles and responsibilities of the institutions in

implementing the environmental management plan (i.e., mitigation measures and


_______________________________________________________________________


monitoring plan) of the project.

4Table 9.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities

Project Stage

Responsible Organization

Responsibilities

Pre-construction

PIU (with assistance from Project Consultant)

Fulfill Government of Tajikistan (GoT) requirements by obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificate and other necessary approvals. Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification. Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document. Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage.

Construction PMO With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction, prepare quarterly monitoring reports for submission to PMO, and update the EMP, as necessary.

Project Consultant The current CAREC 3 & 5 Consultant will act as Project

Management Consultants to support the PIU with project

administration and management, procurement and

monitoring and reporting, and will also manage detailed

design and carry out supervision of the works. The

Project Management Consultant has its staff an

environmental specialist.

Review the construction site management plan and safety plan to be prepared by the contractor. Conduct quarterly monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures by contractor.

Contractor Prepare a construction site management plan and safety plan prior to any site works. Implement mitigation measures and submit monthly reports to the PIU.

PMO Review and consolidate quarterly reports and submit to ADB.

Operation Road Department, MoT

Undertake environmental monitoring consistent with Environmental Monitoring Plan and prepare annual reports.

Committee for Environment Protection under GoT.

Review monitoring reports and conduct periodic monitoring.

93. The Contractor will implement mitigation measures during the construction stage. After

project completion, the PIURR within MoT will be in charge of the operation and


_______________________________________________________________________


maintenance of the Project. The Environment Section (Proposed) within (MoT) will undertake routine and random monitoring, respectively during operation stage as scheduled in the monitoring plan.

94. The following measures will be taken to perform an environmental compliance monitoring

program during project implementation: (i) The tender and contract documents will clearly set out the contractor’s

obligations to undertake environmental mitigation measures set out in Contract Specifications. All requirements and provisions to be borne by contractors shall be included in the bid and contract documents.

(ii) The head contractor will recruit an Environment Health and Safety (EHS) officer, who will be responsible for implementing the contractors’ environmental responsibilities, and for liaising with the PIU and PMO. The EHS officer will also be responsible for health and safety aspects at work sites.

9.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring

9.2.1 Environmental Management Plan

95. During reconstruction of feeder roads work, effective site management is required to

ensure that MoT delivers on sustainable development and that works are conducted in a

manner that safeguards country’s environment. As such, a specific Environmental

Management plan (EMP) will be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to PMO for

review and ADB for approval prior to commencement of works, Table-9.2 includes a

general EMP which will be used as the basis for the Contractor’s EMP. Costs have been

included where these are known. A number of mitigation measures will be the

responsibility of the Contractor who will be required to identify the best means for

mitigating an impact as per the EMP, therefore the costs will be borne by the Contractor

as part of the construction cost.

9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Program

96. Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect during re-construction and operation

stages of the project to safeguard the ecosystem. An environmental monitoring program

for the construction and operation stages of the Project will be undertaken to monitor

environmental impacts of the Project, to determine conditions requiring remedial

measures and to assess compliance with national and ADB environmental safeguard

policies.In response to the environmental impact preliminarily identified during the study,

an environmental monitoring plan has been developed and is presented in Table-9.3.

97. As indicated in Table-9.2 and Table-9.3 the contractor will be responsible in

implementing the management and monitoring program and preparation of monthly

progress reports regarding implementation. The Project Consultant will undertake the

environmental monitoring program during the construction stage and will also monitor

compliance of the contractor with the implementation of required mitigation measures


_______________________________________________________________________


and contract provisions pertaining to environmental aspects. During operation, the MoT

staff will implement the monitoring plan.

9.2.3 Rationale for Monitoring

98. The screening and assessment of environmental impacts demonstrates that the main environmental issues arising from the project are the construction impacts. While these are potentially highly significant, they can be substantially mitigated by ensuring that the planning and precautionary measures that are listed in the EMP are put into effect. Compliance monitoring during construction is therefore important, as it is a means of ensuring adherence to the EMP.

99. The potential negative operational impacts identified in the screening and assessment process are water pollution risks, air pollution risks, noise generation and road safety issues. In the cases of water pollution, air pollution and noise generation, the proposed road reconstruction and improvements are expected to either improve the existing situation, or to mitigate the effects of forecasted growth in road traffic levels. It is recommended that measurements of air and noise pollution would be of most value as part of a broader monitoring scheme.

100. In the case of road safety, information on the type's frequencies and locations of accidents can better be recorded using existing capabilities although they are also influenced by the standards of vehicle maintenance and driver behavior as well as road features and conditions. In addition, accident data can help identify accident “hotspots” which can be addressed on a case by case basis to reduce the particular hazard. Systematic collection of road accident data is therefore recommended.

9.2.4 Monitoring of Construction Impacts

101. Construction environmental monitoring is a function of supervision, and the essential purpose is to ensure adherence to the EMP. The monitoring is a day to day process, which ensures that departures from the EMP are avoided or quickly rectified, or that any unforeseen impacts are quickly discovered and remedied. Specific actions in the EMP that are to be monitored are included in the Table-9.3, the Monitoring Plan. These include the preparation of plans for aspects of the work, such as a site safety plan, which need to be completed and approved during the pre-construction phase. Also included are air, noise and water quality monitoring parameters. In the case of air quality, Tajikistan has stringent standards based on former Soviet standards, and it is recommended that these are used for air quality monitoring. For water quality monitoring, Tajikistan has water quality standards, however these relate more to drinking water quality standards rather than to general surface water quality standards. For surface water quality and for noise, guidelines standards from the World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998) are used.

9.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation of the Road

102. Regular monitoring of the condition of the road surface, culverts, drainage structures and slope protection structures is important from an environmental management point of view, but takes place as part of regular road maintenance. In addition to this activity, information on the locations, type and consequences of traffic or traffic related accidents


_______________________________________________________________________


is required, in co-operation with traffic police. Recommended air, noise and water quality monitoring and community feedback is also included in Table-9.3.


_______________________________________________________________________


5Table 9.2: Environmental Management Plan

Project Activity Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility

Design and Preconstruction Phase

Feeder Roads

reconstruction, overlay

and adjustment of vertical

alignment

No effects on private property "N/A" "N/A"

Construction Phase

Handling and transport

ofmaterials

(a) Disturbance to traffic,

(b) Noise and dust nuisance.

(a) Use of dust covers during transport and spraying of dry

materials during dry and windy weather, (b) Preparation of a

plan detailing haulage routes to be submitted for approval prior

to the works, including details of any construction and

reinstatement of temporary roads, (c) Planning of construction

activity to avoid haulage during peak traffic hours or at night.

Contractor

Asphalt manufacture

Operation, servicing and

maintenance of plant and

vehicles

Disturbance to flora and fauna

from toxins that may be

released during construction

operations

(a) Toxic and hazardous materials required for construction,

including asphalt will be properly stored and secured, and sited

in approved locations away from residential areas, orchards,

grassland, (b) Permits for asphalt manufacture will be obtained

as required from the District Environment Department,

(c) Vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in good

operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel and the

fitting of proper exhaust baffles.

Contractor

Vehicle movements on

land outside the right of

Compaction of soil by

construction plant and

Limiting movement and stationing of plant and vehicles to the

Right of Way, and specific sites where appropriate leases have

Contractor


_______________________________________________________________________


way or

public roads

equipment outside of

designated routes

been negotiated, and clearances obtained

Construction traffic,

Pavement works

Impedance of traffic flows (a) Transmit advance information to public on the timing and

duration of construction operations that will affect traffic flows,

(b) Preparation of a traffic management plan in co-operation

with local traffic police, (c) Planning and management of

construction operations to minimize disruption and maintain at

least one lane in operation, (d) Use of flagmen and temporary

traffic lights to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including

safe crossings for pedestrians.

Contractor

Pavement works

Asphalt manufacture

Emissions of dust and

exhaust fumes from

construction operations

particularly thosethat take

place near hospitals and

schools

(a) Use of existing asphalt plant site, or establishment of a new

site. or sites at least 100m distant from any occupied dwelling,

(b) Maintenance of all plant and vehicles in compliance with

national emissions standards

Contractor

All construction

operations

Safety hazards resulting from

the use of heavy plant,

excavations, dangerous

equipment and harmful

chemicals affect (a) to workers

and (b) to the public

Develop a site safety plan for approval prior to the works. The

plan should include:

(a) Provision of protective clothing and equipment to workers

in compliance with relevant standards (for example the GOST

12.4.011-89 Occupational Health and Standards: Workers

Protective Equipment: General Standards and Classification).

(b) Ensuring that vehicle & equipment operators are properly

licensed and trained, (c) Ensure provision of first aid facilities,

rapid availability of emergency Physician, and emergency

ambulance for hospitalization, (d) Provision for regular safety

checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility

Contractor


_______________________________________________________________________


for checking.

Operation of construction

equipment, vehicles and

plant

Noise and vibration from

construction operations

resulting in (a) hazards to

workers and

(b) nuisance to nearby

residents.

(a) Initiate regular maintenance of construction plant and

equipment to high standards, ensuring that exhaust baffles are

fitted and maintained in serviceable condition, (b) Provision of

ear protection equipment to workers to limit exposure to GoT

and ADB guideline levels, (c) All reasonable measures will be

taken to limit noise generation toGoT and ADB guideline levels

for residential areas, (d) For residential areas, schools other

sensitive sites, consultations with key personnel at each

institution to agree acceptable times for carrying out

construction operations, when they will have least impact.

Contractor

Operation Phase

Feeder Road Operation

Long term road safety,

affected by the integrity of the

pavement, signage and

signaling.

Regular maintenance of the pavement, signage and signals District Road

Department in

Kulob, MoT

Maintenance

activities

Noise effects from

maintenance activities

Implementing maintenance work during daytime hours, and

providing the public with information on maintenance tasks.

O&M Contractor


_______________________________________________________________________


6Table 9.3: Environmental Monitoring Program

Mitigation Measure Parameters Measurements Frequency Responsibilities

Develop a schedule of

sites for deposition of

surplus wastes and

asphalt material

Suitability of sites for deposition Compliance Once Development of

schedule: Contractor

Approval:

SupervisionConsultants

Use of satisfactory

crusher and asphalt plant

with dust and fume

minimization equipment

Equipment procurement plans Compliance Once Preparation: Contractor

Approval:

SupervisingConsultants

Improvements to road

surface to reduce traffic

noise: baseline noise

measurement

dB(A) LAeq to standards inGoT and ADB

guidelines

Measurements over

time using an

integrating soundlevel

meter and calibrator

Once, over a

24 hour period

Measurement: Contractor

Verification:


Road reconstruction and

overall improvements that

affect air quality:

baseline measurement

National air quality standards based on

Soviet standard GN 2.1.6 1338-03 on

maximum allowable concentrations for

pollutants in the outdoor air of populated

areas, namely:

Particulates: 0.15 mg/m3

Nitrogen Oxide (NO): 0.06

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): 0.04 mg/m3

Collection of

airsamples using

acontrolled-flow

airsampler;

laboratoryanalysis

Once, over a24

hour period

Measurement: Contractor

Verification:



_______________________________________________________________________


Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): 0.05mg/m3

Dust control, by use of

dust covers

duringtransport of asphalt,

stockpiles of materials

during dry & windy

weather

Compliance Site inspections Regular, as part

of normal

Supervision

Consultantsworks

inspection

schedule

Compliance: Contractor

Verification:



_________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination of Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections, October 2015 Page 51 of 66

10. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

10.1 Public Consultations

103. Public consultation is an important component of project. The objectives of the stakeholder consultation process is to disseminate information on the project and its expected impact and outcome among primary and secondary stakeholders and to gather information on relevant issues so that the feedback received can be used to address prevailing issues at early stages of the project design. Another important objective is to determine the extent of the concerns amongst the community, to address these in the project level and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures of any adverse impacts at early stages of the project design.

104. Local knowledge about the eco-system and problems associated with the feeder road networks and accessibility were carefully recorded and used in predictive impact assessment and developing mitigation plan. As part of exercise, the limited consultations were conducted with local residents of pilot villages and business areas in Vose and Khovaling Districts. In addition to this, interaction with similar other studies and projects in the region was achieved. Information disclosure is being undertaken as per the requirements of SPS and the local policies and principles. Several sessions of consultation meetings have been held at the community centres in both project districts at jamoat level.

105. PIU and Consultant safeguard staff met repeatedly with the people from several villages who are connected to the main project road through the rural feeder roads, during preparation of the proposals of these additional works and collected views of community members on the rehabilitation activities. Stakeholders’ views are very positive and supportive for the implementation of the proposed rehabilitations of the selected rural feeder roads.

106. In total three big combined consultations (for environmental and social/resettlements issues) were conducted with representatives of local communities leaders, local people, representatives of local authorities, including environmental departments, along with the other meetings with road community representatives along the route during the field surveys.

107. Table 10.1 below shows the location, dates of consultations and number of people attended.

Table 10.1. Main public consultations meetings in frame if SIEE study

N Location Date Number of people attended

1 Jamoat Mirzoali Vaisiev - Vose district 7.06.2017 35

2 Jamoat Dehoti Khovaling - Khovaling district

6.06.2016 37

3 Khovaling district – (Jamoat) office of local authority

6.06.2016 14

108. Pictures below shows the moments of public consultations.


_________________________________________________________________________________________


Community consultation meeting in jamoat Mirzoali Vaysiev in Vose district

Community consultation meeting in jamoat Dehoti Khovaling of Khovalng district

Consultation with local authorities and heads of communities in Khovaling district


_________________________________________________________________________________________


109. Further, the local people were made aware of the proposed project and its intended scope.

Re-construction impacts in these feeder roads would be generation of noise and dust from civil

works which are temporary and of short duration. Qualitatively, the beneficial impacts from the

project will outweigh the temporary disturbance during construction. Nonetheless, these impacts

will be considered in the Traffic Management Plan during construction including the mitigation

measures such as in construction work schedule, spraying of water to minimize dust, etc.

110. In each case, a wide range of questions were asked to prompt discussion on concerns or

wishes relating to the project, expected effects on road safety, presence of sites of cultural or

religious significance, presence or absence of wildlife, concerns about construction phase.

Impacts, suggestions of people have been considered in preparing the EMP.

111. The following Table 10.2 provides an overview of the meetings.

Table 10.2. Overview of the public consultations meeting

# Questions/Comments Answer

1 When the rehabilitation works will start? Approximately the start date of construction is expected in September 2016

2 How long will the Project last? Approximately one year

3 The road surface is very poor. It causes a lot of problems for health and properties of the people

Comment noted

4 Currently there are problems with noise and dust along the road, we hope that the rehabilitated road will reduce dust issues.

Design is under preparations. Of course the new pavement even in selected road portions should reduce, although not eliminate, dust impacts.

5 What will the specification of the road be?

DEU representative explained the design standards for this road

6 Current lack of road crossings and poor road quality increases the likelihood of accidents.

Comment noted.

7 Women have to clean and wash closes every day their houses what increase the house work for them

Comment noted

8 Vehicle maintenance costs are very high due to the poor road quality.

Comment noted.

9 Currently only limited number of cars wants to travel by this roads due to its poor quality

Comment noted

10 Poor road condition means they have to travel to make major repairs to their vehicles

Comment noted.

11 No impacts to flora or fauna are anticipated as the area is already heavily disturbed by human activity, project will

Comments noted


_________________________________________________________________________________________


be rehabilitated in frame of existing RoW.

12 No animal crossings are needed on the road Comments noted 13 No transboundary impacts are anticipated

Comments noted

14 The speed of heavy trucks should be limited and dust suppression should be done

Comments noted

15 How environmental complaints will be considered

The GRM will be established for consideration of environmental social complaints. Environmental and resettlement specialists explained the system. Complaints log will be provided to ensure the rights of people to comment/complain on any concerns

112. From the discussions it was found that community people were keen for the 15 feeder roadы

improvements and they will support the project. Local residents have some concerns over safety

and property and wish to see safety issues addressed by sound engineering design, the use of

signage and inclusion of pedestrian crossings at sites where pedestrians are most vulnerable.

They also advised the Detailed Design Team to take precautions in the environmental mitigation to

avoid impacts anticipated during the re-construction and operation stage (noise pollution, traffic

management, road safety etc.) of the project.

11. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

113. Most of EMP costs are associated with the environmental recommendations are considered a

normal part of preparing the bid and contract documents and ensuring that proper environmental

provisions are incorporated therein. Bid solicitations will call for the costs of recommended

baseline monitoring to be included in the bids. Both baseline and periodic monitoring during

construction are normally considered to be a part of good engineering practice and included in the

Project Budget. Supervision and monitoring of Contractor activities and reporting thereon are a

normal responsibility of the Engineer included in the Project Budget and not a separable cost.

114. Nonetheless, the most overt and explicit environmental mitigation and monitoring activities can be

estimated. Those for the Project are summarized below (Table-11.1 and Table-11.2). They include

estimates for training in regard to the requirements of EMP, baseline monitoring of the major

environmental parameters and routine periodic monitoring and reporting during the Construction

Period

7Table 11.1: EMP Mitigation Costs

Item Frequency Unit Cost (USD) Cost (USD)

Pre-construction Phase


_________________________________________________________________________________________


Side Slope Stabilization

measures

During design Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Hydrological measures During design Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Construction Phase

National

EnvironmentalSpecialist

12 Months 1,600 per month 19,200.00

Training on Safety Contractor's

EHS Specialist

Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

First aid facilities Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Safety Equipment for Workers Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Waste disposal Throughout

construction


Clean up of construction sites Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Environmental Permits Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

Impervious hard standing

(formaintenance yards,

bitumenstorage, etc)

Construction

camp


Water spraying Daily During

dry periods


Tarpaulins Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"

HIV/AIDS Training Program Once 1,000 1,000.00

Total 20,200.00

.


_________________________________________________________________________________________


8Table 11.2: EMP Baseline and Routine Monitoring Costs

Item Frequency Cost (USD)

Water Quality Once at each specific location as baseline status prior to

construction (number of sampling stations will be determined)

L/S 300.00

Air Quality Once at each specific location as baseline prior to

construction(number of Sites will be determined)

L/S 500.00

Routine Instrumental Monitoring

Water Quality

Monitoring

4 times at specific sites through construction (maximum

5sampling stations)

L/S 300.00

Noise Monitoring 4 times at specific sites through construction (number

ofsampling stations will be determined)

L/S 400.00

Total 1,500.00

12. KEY FINDINGS

115. In this Supplementary Initial Study the following are considered relevant key findings:

i. Proposed works will not have significant environmental impact;

ii. Most of the social impacts are related to access, traffic, motorists’ safety and road nuisances;

iii. Existing EMP/SSEMP (with WMP, ERP, TMP and other Annexes) with mitigation measures, and mitigation measures proposed by this DDR can cover all possible environment issues

116. The results of the study suggest that the impact of this sub-project does not incur any major negative environmental impact;

13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

117. The SIEE has identified a range of potential impacts and determined suitable mitigation measures together with a monitoring program. The potential negative environmental impacts associated with the re-construction activities are relatively minor in comparison to the significant environmental and economic benefits resulting from project operation. Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and the monitoring program will reduce the impacts to significant levels.

118. The impact on the environment during the construction at the site will not be significant, will be

temporary and are reversible in nature. The Project will result in rather positive environmental beneficial impacts and will have minor negative impacts during construction period which will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated.


_________________________________________________________________________________________


119. The project will not create any additional impacts on cultural or heritage sites. The proposed project will not create conflicts with natural resource allocation.

120. During re-construction of the feeder roads, the contractor (Sinohydro) will implement the mitigation

measures identified in the SIEE and SSEMP (developed in 2014 )/IEE/EMP (dated from 2013) while PIU and project consultants will conduct regular monitoring to ensure contractor’s compliance with applicable provisions of the EMP.

121. The construction impacts are predictable and manageable and with appropriate mitigation few

residual impacts are likely. Implementation of appropriate measures during the design, construction, and operation phases will minimize negative impacts to acceptable levels.

122. The local communities expressed support for immediate implementation of the project, during the consultations as they clearly realized the benefits of trade and commerce due to improved transport and accessibility connecting with Vose- Khovaling highway.

123. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the

project consultant will also assist the PIU in preparing contractual documents so that bidding documents, bills of quantity and other contractual obligations of the contractor clearly identify environmental responsibilities and describe penalties for non-compliance.


_________________________________________________________________________________________


References

Asian Development Bank, Environmental Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009

Asian Development Bank, Guidelines for Infrastructure Development Project, 1990

Asian Development Bank, Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia, Volume 1: Overview, ISBN: 971-561-110-9; 1997

Construction Supervision Consultant, SMEC, Project Documents, Designs,

Specifications

Contract Document, Volume-1, Grant 0356-TAJ: CAREC Corridors 3 and 5, Contract for

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose-Khovaling Road, Clause-4.18 "Protection of

the Environment". Section-2, Particular Conditions of Contract, Ministry of Transport,

Republic of Tajikistan, September 2013

Contract Documents, Volume-2, Contract for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose-

Khovaling Road, Employer's Requirements, Specifications Part-I, Specifications Part-2;

Clauses 1.1; 1.2; 1.2.1; 1.2.2; 1.2.3; 1.2.4; 1.2.6; Ministry of Transport; Grant 0356-TAJ:

CAREC Corridors 3 & 5; September 2013

FIDIC, 30 June 2010, Clause-4.8 "Safety Procedures", Condition of Contract for

Construction. Clause-4.18 "Protection of the Environment"; Clause-6.7 "Health and

Safety"; Clause-6.15 "Measures Against Insect and Pest Nuisance"

Terms of Reference, Grant No 0356-TAJ, CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement

Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services

between Ministry of Transport and SMEC International, Australia April 2014

World Bank's Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model (HDM).


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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination – Current status of Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Section, May 2016

APPENDIX-1

________________________________________ Photographs of Feeder Roads proposed for rehabilitation –

current status


____________________________________________________________________________________


KHOVALING DISTRICT

Photo 1. Access road to the Darai-Mukhtor village – KM2+395

Photo 2. Access road to the Shehmazon-village- KM3+010

Photo 3. Access road to the Dorobi village– KM6+920


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Photo 4. – Access road to the Lohuti village – KM10+880

Photo 5 – Access road to the Pushti-Shahid village– KM14+060


____________________________________________________________________________________


Photo 6 – Access road to the Kuldara village – KM15+140

Photo 7 – Access road to the Navruho village – KM15+800

Photo 8 – Access road to the Sadbargo village – KM26+140


____________________________________________________________________________________


VOSE DISTRICT

Photo 9 – Access road to the Darnaichi village – KM61+940

Photo 10 – Access road to the Gelot village – KM63+750

Photo 11 – Access road to the Uchkun village –KM65+300


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Photo 12 – Access road to the Kainar village – KM72+500


____________________________________________________________________________________


Photo 13 – Access road to the Guliston village – KM73+880

Photo 14 – Access road to tuberculosis hospital- Tubalnitsa – KM76+740


____________________________________________________________________________________


Photo 15 – Access road to the Kirov village – KM79+920

Photo 3