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Immigration Policies in The United States

of America

Supervisor:

INTRODUCTION

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1•Rationale

2•Objectives

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•Outline

Rationale

Interesting topic

Lack a comprehensive

document related to this

topic

Support for SOFL students

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Objectives

Briefly introducing immigration policies in the U.S.

Presenting highlight features of the three preiods

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Outline

1• Immigration policies in the

18th and 19th century

2• Immigration policies in the

20th century

3• Immigration policies in the

21st century

4 • Findings

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Immigration Policies in 18th &

19th Century

Historical background

U.S. citizenship policies in 18th century

U.S. citizenship policies in 19th century

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Historical background

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Waves of immigration

Civil war (1861-1865)

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Citizenship policies in 18th century

Naturalization Act of 1790

Naturalization Act of 1795

Naturalization Act of 1798

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Naturalization Act

1790 1795 1798

Residence period

2 years 5 years 14 years

Notice time 1 year 3 years 5 years

Eligible category

Free White person

Free White person

Free white person

Changes through three Naturalization Acts

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Citizenship policies in 19th century

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Naturalization Act of 1870

Extending the naturalization process to"aliens of

African nativity and to persons of African

descent”.

Other non whites were still excluded.

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Page Act of 1875

Prohibiting convicts & prostitutes from all countries

Excluding labors from China, Japan, any oriental countries

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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

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Immigration Policies in the 20th

Century

Historical Background

Policies in 20th Century

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Historical Background

1880-1920: new immigration wave

World War I

World War II

Refugees: Jewish, Cuban and Vietnamese

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Immigration Policies in 20th Century

Unwanted immigrant exclusion policies

Asian exclusion policies

Policies towards Europeans

The return of Asians

Policies towards refugees

Immigration reform policies

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Unwanted Immigrant Exclusion Policies

The Anarchist Exclusion Act of 1903: excluded anarchists, people with mental disabilities, beggars, polygamists and prostitutes.

The Immigration Act of 1907: excluded women with “immoral purpose”, contract labor, people who could not earn money and people suffering from tuberculosis.

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Asian Exclusion Policies

Immigration Act of 1907: limited Asians from

immigrating through Hawaii.

Asiatic Barred Zone Act of 1917: Asians were

prohibited from entering the U.S.

Johnson-Reed Act of 1924: Asians, Africans

and their descendants were also excluded.

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Policies towards Europeans

Emergency Quota Act of 1921: established nation origin

quota

Johnson-Reed Act of 1924: provided only 150,000 visas

annually, prohibited Jews from arriving.

The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952: favored immigrants

from Northern and Western Europe and “highly-

qualified” immigrants.

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The Return of Asians

Magnuson Act of 1943: an annual quota of 105

visas was set for Chinese.

1946: Indians and Filipinos were allowed to enter.

McCarran-Walter Act of 1952: Asian immigration

was slightly liberalized.

Nationality Act of 1965: established a “chain

immigration and sponsorship” system.

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Policies towards Refugees

Jewish refugees: 137,450 refugees were admitted thanks

to the War Refugee Board and “Truman Directive”

Cuban refugees: Cuban Adjustment Act was approved to

provided refugees with privilege rights

Vietnamese refugees: the Orderly Departure Program

(ODP) and Resettlement Opportunity for Vietnamese

Returnees (ROVR) program helped 759,482 immigrants

settle in the U.S.

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Immigration Reform Policies

Immigration reform and control act (IRCA) of 1986:

legalized 2.8 million undocumented immigrants

Immigration reform and control act (IRCA) of 1990:

set a world immigration cap of 700,000 visas/year

Illegal Immigration reform and immigrant

responsibility act of 1996: put enforcement, fines

and sanctions on illegal immigrants

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Immigration Policies in 21st Century

Historical Background

Policies under Bush Administration

Policies under Obama Administration

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Historical Background

Legal and Illegal Immigrants

Both increase in the 21st century

A major part of illegal immigrants was

Mexican

Illegal immigrants – a big problem of the U.S.

Illegal immigration leads to many issues

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Economic Recession Comes from Dot-com Bubble and the rising

price of the petrol Unemployment gets to high level

Historical Background

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Historical Background

Terrorism

The September 11th event

Terrorism was one major factor that changed

the U.S. Immigration Policies in 21st century

The September 11th event sets an alarm to the

immigration system of the U.S.

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USA Patriot Act Homeland Security Act and the Birth of the

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry

Reform Act of 2002 Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention

Act of 2004

Policies under Bush Administration

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Policies under Bush Administration

Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal

Immigration Control Act of 2005

Real ID Act of 2005

Secure Fence Act of 2006

Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of

2007

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Comprehensive Immigration Reform for

America’s Security and Prosperity Act of 2009 DREAM Act of 2010 IDEA Act of 2011 Immigration Reform that Works for America’s

Future Act of 2013

Policies under Obama Administration

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U.S. Immigration in 18th and 19th Century :Nation formation – Citizenship policies U.S. Immigration in 20th Century Political conflict – Different policies for

different immigrants U.S. Immigration in 21st Century

Highlight features

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Immigration policies in the 18th and 19th

century

Immigration policies in the 20th century

Immigration policies in the 21st century

Findings

Conclusion

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Thank You For Listening!

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