Road Safety & Vulnerable Road Safety & Vulnerable Road UsersRoad Users

Ricardo G. Sigua, D. Engg.Associate Professor, COEFaculty Affiliate, NCTS

University of the Philippines Diliman

Road Accident–A Global Problem

approximately 2 human lives approximately 2 human lives per minuteper minute

•• 1.2 million people get killed 1.2 million people get killed on the road worldwideon the road worldwide

•• 70% of the fatalities in 70% of the fatalities in developing countriesdeveloping countries

Leading Causes of Deaths

• Lower Respiratory Infections• Diarrheal Diseases• Conditions during prenatal period• Unipolar major depression• Ischaemic heart disease• Cerebrovascular disease• Tuberculosis• Measles• Road Traffic Accidents• Congenital anomalies• Malaria• Pulmonary diseases

• Ischaemic heart disease• Unipolar major depression• Road Traffic Accidents• Cerebrovascular disease• Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease• Lower respiratory infections• Tuberculosis• War• Diarrheal diseases• HIV• Conditions during prenatal period• Congenital anomalies• measles

1990 2020

Source: The Global Burden of Disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, ijuries, and risk factors. Harvard University Press

Leading Causes of Injuries Leading Causes of Injuries (Lim(Lim--QuizonQuizon, et al., Philippine National Injury Survey, 2003), et al., Philippine National Injury Survey, 2003)

1. Vehicular accidents2. Fall3. Injured by sharp objects4. Struck by an object5. Animal/insect bites6. Burn7. Assault8. Machine/tool injury9. Electrocution10. Self-harm

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

98 99 00 01 02 03

Year

Gro

wth

, % Population

GDP

VehicleRegistration

Year Population (million)

GDP(billion P)

VehicleRegistration (million)

No. of accidents (fatal & nonfatal)

Fatalities SeriouslyInjured

1998 73 888 3.3 2803 1213 1844

1999 75 917 3.5 2869 969 1637

2000 76 973 3.7 2463 866 1541

2001 78 1002 3.8 2026 737 1961

2002 80 1046 4.0 3748 714 1195

2003 81 1135 4.1 4095 644 1129

PopulationGDPVehicles

AllIncreasing.

No. of Deaths and Casualties appear to be decreasing!Is this likely ??For every 1 death only 1.7 serious injuries . Likely ??

SCALE OF ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

98 99 00 01 02 03

Year

Num

ber

Fatalities

SeriouslyInjured

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

Vehi

cle

Regi

stra

tion

Brunei DarussalamCambodiaIndonesiaLao P.D.R.MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

Growth in Number of Motor Vehicles in ASEAN Countries(Source of Data: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, 2004)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

GD

P (m

illio

n US

$)

Brunei DarussalamCambodiaIndonesiaLao P.D.R.MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

GDP Growth in ASEAN Countries(Source of Data: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, 2004)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

Popu

latio

n x

1000

Brunei DarussalamCambodiaIndonesiaLao P.D.R.MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

Population Growth in ASEAN Countries(Source of Data: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, 2004)

• 9,000 road accident fatalities in CY 2003!!!(Lim-Quizon, et al., Phil. National Injury Survey, 2003)

Problem on Accident ReportingProblem on Accident Reporting

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

10000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

No.

of F

atal

ities

PoliceHealth

• Gross under-reporting

of accidents!

Record of Road Accident Fatalities and Injuries in ASEAN Countries (Source of Data: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, 2004)

Reported by Police Estimated Country

Fatalities Injuries Fatalities Injuries

Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam

28 824

8,761 415

6,282 1,308

995 211

13,116 11,319

645 6,329

13,941 6,231

46,420 9,299 6,790 7,975

69,313 20,400

28 1,017

30,464 581

6,282 1,308 9,500

211 13,186 13,186

1,273 20,340

2,550,000 18,690 46,420 45,780

774,000 9,072

1,529,034 31,000

Total 43,259 187,343 75,763 5,025,609

Serious Under-Reporting

- Accidents simply as common occurrences or even as natural phenomena ?- No clear understanding of the magnitude of the loss to the society incurred by traffic accidents?

Despite the frequency of occurrence of road accidents, there seems to be little effort to improve the situation:

Property DamageProperty Damage

Resource & Time Resource & Time WastageWastage

Consequences of Accidents

R I P

Lost of Lives and Limbs

Pain/Grief and Pain/Grief and SufferingsSufferings

Medical CostMedical Cost

National Cost of Traffic Accidents

2.6 % of the Philippines’ GDP

105,260(US$1.9B)

25,800

27,748

33,119

18,593

Adjusted for under- reporting

973,240

469,090

402,150

93,820

8,180

Adjusted for under- reporting

Based on reported accidents

As reported(Police)

2,548(U$45M)

12,806TOTAL

5299,62355,000Damage-Only

1151,67269,000Minor Injury

281797353,000Serious Injury

1,6237142,273,000Fatal

Total Cost(million pesos)

Number of AccidentsAverage

Cost (Pesos)Accident Type

Source: Sigua, UP NCTS

Economic Losses (Annual) Country US$ Millions % of GDP Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam TOTAL

65 116

6,032 47

2,400 200

1,900 457

3,000 885

15,102

1.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.6 0.5 2.1 2.4 ---

Estimated Annual Economic Loss of ASEAN Countries Due to Accident

Source: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, Sept 2004

100----

465 +

260-64

355-59

450-54

445-49

540-44

635-39

730-34

825-29

920-24

1015-19

36<15

% of Population.

Age Group

2001 Population: 78 Million

(Approx. 28 million)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

<15 15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65+

Age Group

% W

ho E

nds

Up

in H

ospi

tal

Fatal

SeriouslyInjured

Casualty Count in 16 Hospitals (Vibal; 2001):Male – 76%Fatalities – 99Seriously injured – 3,866

Most Vulnerable Age Group

Pedestrian casualties below 15 years old:Fatal : 24% Seriously Injured: 37%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

98 99 0 01 02 03

Year

% C

umul

ativ

e

Total

MC/TC

Rate of Increase of MotorcyclesWill add to the safety problems

Another growing concern!

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Cyclist s Passengerpr ivat e

Passengerpublic

Mot orcyclist s Pedest r ians Ot hers

Road User Group

Perc

enta

ge

Fatal

SeriouslyInjured

Most Vulnerable User Group (Vibal; 2001)

Percentage of Motorcycle Population in ASEAN countries (2003) (Source of Data: ASEAN Region Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan, 2004)

Reported by Police Estimated Country

Fatalities Injuries Fatalities Injuries

Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam

28 824

8,761 415

6,282 1,308

995 211

13,116 11,319

645 6,329

13,941 6,231

46,420 9,299 6,790 7,975

69,313 20,400

28 1,017

30,464 581

6,282 1,308 9,500

211 13,186 13,186

1,273 20,340

2,550,000 18,690 46,420 45,780

774,000 9,072

1,529,034 31,000

Total 43,259 187,343 75,763 5,025,609

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0

B r u n e i

S in g a p o r e

My a n ma r

Ph ilip p in e s

M a la y s ia

Th a ila n d

Ca mb o d ia

In d o n e s ia

L a o P.D.R.

V ie tn a m

Coun

try

% M o to rc y c le s

Improving Road Safety

3. Resources3. Resources

3 Key Areas:1. Data Collection/Information Systems1. Data Collection/Information Systems

2. Road Safety Action Plans and Programs2. Road Safety Action Plans and Programs

1. Data Collection/Information Systems1. Data Collection/Information Systems

Issues and Concerns:• Individual effort; lack of coordination

among agencies• Health sector data need to be incorporated• Mechanism to integrate all accident data• Who will integrate?• Sustainability

Improving Road Safety (cont’d.)

PROPOSED INTEGRATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

*Local roads in database only; **presently covers fatal and serious accidents only

Information

DisseminationNRSC

For annual reporting

Individual

database checked for duplication

Database Integration

and AnalysisUP NCTS

Integrated Database

Key commonitems?Data Collection Police Reports

PNP/TMG/TEGHealth SectorRecords

All Hospitals

Database forindividualagency’s use; more detailedanalysis

Processing and

AnalysisDOH

Computerized?National andlocal roads*

MManilaRoads**

Expressways

DPWHTARAS

MMDAMMARAS

PNCCothers

Improving Road Safety (cont’d.)

2. Road Safety Action Plans and Programs2. Road Safety Action Plans and Programs

Issues and Concerns:• National Road Safety Action Plan already

craftedWho will orchestrate? (NRSC has yet to be reconvened.)Responsibilities of each agency clear? A need for a CHAMPIONWho will monitor progress of the action plan?

Contents of Safety Action Plan

• Measurable Objectives• Balanced program of actions covering the

following areas:– Highway improvements – good design will save lives; low cost

improvements at dangerous sites are particularly effective– Vehicle safety – any improvement or testing program should

concentrate on basics such as tires, brakes, lights and reflectors.– Education, training, and publicity- key measures to improve

behavior and safety awareness of all categories of road users.– Legislation and enforcement – many countries have found that

taking actions on seat belt, crash helmet, alcohol and speed control have been particularly effective.

– Emergency services – prompt actions in the ‘golden hour’ immediately after an accident is particularly effective.

Sector Brunei Cambo-dia

Indo- nesia

Laos Malay-sia

Myan- mar

Philip- pines

Singa- pore

Thai- land

Viet Nam

1. Coordination & Management

2. Road Accident Data Systems

3. Road safety Funding

4. Safety Planning & Design of Roads

5. Improvement of Hazardous Locations

6. Road Safety Education of Children

7. Driver Training and Testing

8. Road Safety Publicity Campaigns

9. Veh Road Worthiness & Safety Stds.

10. Traffic Legislation

11. Traffic Police & Law Enforcement

12. Emergency Assistance

13. Road Safety Research & Costing

14. Cooperation & Collaboration

Qualitative Assessment of Current Initiatives.

Improving Road Safety (cont’d.)

3. Resources (Road Safety Budget)

Issues and Concerns:• Very weak commitment to earmark budget

for road safety programs • Safety still taken as low priority• Lack of public-private partnership

Funding and Support for Road Safety

• Road safety is only one of the many competing demands for our scarce resources

• But it is essential that it is not overlooked in developing plans and policies.

Resource Allocation in Time

Reduction in Number of Accidents

Resource Needed

time

Aim for least resourcewith greater impact on reduction

Conclusion• Knowing the extent of tangible wastage, not to

mention humanitarian considerations for irreplaceable lives lost, it is high time for our national authorities to accord road safety a higher priority in national planning and policy-making.