summary of key findings - lagryd.org€¦ · this report series was funded by the city of los...

SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGSSPRING 2017 EVALUATION REPORT SERIESfrom the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development

All graphics for YSET and SET ©2012 City of Los Angeles. All rights Reserved. The YSET and SET were created by the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development and are the copyright of the City of Los Angeles. These materials may not be reproduced, modified, displayed, published, or otherwise distributed in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the City of Los Angeles.

prepared by

THE GRYD RESEARCH AND EVALUATION TEAM HOUSED AT CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES.

This report series was funded by the City of Los Angeles contract number C-128086 (“Research Consulting for GRYD”) with California State University, Los Angeles.

Permission to use these data was provided by the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this study, however, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the GRYD Office.

SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS2

GRYD GANG PREVENTIONREFERRAL AND ENROLLMENTfrom September 1, 2011 – March 31, 2016

GRYD PREVENTION CLIENT PROFILE

PROGRAM COMPLETION

61% 39%

LATINO

73%

AFRICANAMERICAN

23%OTHER

4%AGE ATINTAKE

AGE

13-15

47%AGE10-12

53%

SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM COMPLETION

UNSUCCESSFUL PROGRAM COMPLETION

TOTALPROGRAM

EXITS

2,499

37% 927 Clients

63% 1,165 Clients9,0984,9453,781

REFERRALS

ELIGIBLE (54%)

ENROLLED (77%)



AVERAGE ENROLLMENT

LENGTH IN DAYS

365

240



AVERAGE NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES ATTENDED

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 101+NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES ATTENDED BY CLIENT

1-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24+MONTHS OF SERVICES COMPLETED BY CLIENT

17%

45%48%

53%

69% 69%

60%

66%69%

64%

3%

PERC

ENT

OF

SUC

CES

SFU

L PR

OG

RAM

CO

MPL

ETIO

N

PERC

ENT

OF

SUC

CES

SFU

L PR

OG

RAM

CO

MPL

ETIO

N

56

26

58% 60%<1% 53%9% 65%45% 63%37%

3September 2017THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES MAYOR’S OFFICE OF GANG REDUCTION AND YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

GRYD SERVICES

GRYD GANG PREVENTIONCHANGES IN YSET RISK FACTORS MONTHS:

CHANGES OBSERVED AMONG GRYD PREVENTION CLIENTS COMPARED TO HIGH-RISK YOUTH ON PROBATION IN LOS ANGELES COUNTYAnalyses were conducted that examined changes in risk over time among a sample of GRYD Prevention clients and a comparison group of high-risk youth on Probation in LA County enrolled in a recent study funded by the National Institute for Justice.

1,023 GRYD Prevention Clients GRYD CLIENTS REPORTED

fewer risk factors at YSET-R THAN THE COUNTY YOUTH

58% OF CLIENTS SAW ENOUGH reduction in risk level THAT THEY WERE NO LONGER ELIGIBLE FOR SERVICES.

AFTER RECEIVING GRYD PREVENTION SERVICES

FOR 6 MONTHS

ANTISOCIALTENDENCIES

CRITICAL LIFE EVENTS

NEGATIVE PEER INFLUENCE

PEER DELINQUENCY

IMPULSIVE RISK TAKING

WEAK PARENTAL SUPERVISION

GUILT NEUTRALIZATION

-20%CHANGE

-28%CHANGE

-25%CHANGE

-33%CHANGE

-17%CHANGE

-24%CHANGE

-20%CHANGE

-26%CHANGE

-25%CHANGE

-36%CHANGE

-13%CHANGE

-19%CHANGE

-20%CHANGE

-27%CHANGE

COMPARISON GROUP DESCRIPTION COMPARISON GROUP RESULTS

COMPLETED UNSUCCESSFULLY [ PERCENT CHANGE AFTER 6 MONTHS ]

COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY [ PERCENT CHANGE AFTER 6 MONTHS ]

60%40%

LATINO

77%

LATINO

83%

AFRICANAMERICAN

20%

AFRICANAMERICAN

8%

OTHER

3%

OTHER

9%GRYD SERVICES

179 County Youth

70%30%

HE HITME FIRST!

The average number of risk factors

6.2 6.1

2.7

5.1

FO

R GRYD CLIENTS

REDUCED

57%

FOR COUNTY YOUTH

REDUCED

16%


GRYD GANG INTERVENTION FAMILY CASE MANAGEMENT

REFERRAL AND ENROLLMENTfrom February 1, 2012 – May 16, 2016

GRYD INTERVENTION FAMILY CASE MANAGEMENT CLIENT PROFILE

67% 33%4,8783,2832,854

REFERRALS

ELIGIBLE (67%)

ENROLLED (87%)AGE

12AGE

18AGE

47LATINO

67%

AFRICANAMERICAN

30%OTHER

3% YO

UNGEST AVERAGE OLDEST

PROGRAM COMPLETION



TOTALPROGRAM

EXITS

1,876

38% 711 Clients

62% 1,165 Clients



AVERAGE ENROLLMENT

LENGTH IN DAYS

180



AVERAGE NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES ATTENDED

10

353

1-100 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 101+NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES ATTENDED BY CLIENT

1-3>1 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24+MONTHS OF SERVICES COMPLETED BY CLIENT

45%

59%

83% 81%87%

82%85%

50%

88%

80%

13%14%

PERC

ENT

OF

SUC

CES

SFU

L PR

OG

RAM

CO

MPL

ETIO

N

PERC

ENT

OF

SUC

CES

SFU

L PR

OG

RAM

CO

MPL

ETIO

N

67% 72%8%20% 58%24% 63%46% 75%57%

30

AGE AT ENROLLMENT

95% 14-25


Engaged in at least ONEof these behaviors

Engaged in TWO or moreof these behaviors

69%

46%

GRYD GANG INTERVENTION FAMILY CASE MANAGEMENT

CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS AT ENROLLMENT CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR AND RISK FACTORSAfter receiving GRYD FCM services for 6 months clients showed reductions in participation in crime and violence and changes in gang identify.

Kicked, attacked or hit someone with

your fists

Been involved in a

gang fight

Used a weapon of force to get money or things from people

Carried a weapon

Threatened or hurt someone

to get them to do what you

want

Stolen money or things from

a person (no weapon)

Attacked someone with

a weapon

AGE AT FIRST GANG ASSOCIATION

62% 12-15

RiskFactorsFAMILY

ORGANIZATIONDynamics among parent

and children

GANG COHESIONTime spent with gang

FAMILY COHESION

Time spent with family

NEGATIVE POLICE

RELATIONSOption of

local police

FAMILY EMOTIONAL

TIES*

Emotional attachment to family

SELF-DIFFERENTIATION

Views self as separate from gang

GANG EMOTIONAL TIES

Emotional attachment to the gang

FAMILY ACHIEVEMENT

Legacy of family achievement

over time

IMPULSIVE RISK TAKING

Impulsivity and attraction to

risk taking

KEY PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS FOR GANG IDENTITY AND INVOLVEMENT IN VIOLENCE

ProtectiveFactors

*while family emotional ties have been identified as a risk factor for these clients, this factor is more complicated as can serve as either a risk or protective factor depending on the levels of gang involvement among family members.

1

1

2

5

3

4

2

3

4

SELF-REPORTED POSITION IN GANG

NON-VIOLENT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

GANGCOHESION

VIOLENT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

GANG EMOTIONAL TIES

-23%CHANGEAFTER 6 MONTHS

-38%CHANGE AFTER

6 MONTHS

-17%CHANGE AFTER

6 MONTHS



RISK FACTOR REDUCTION

BEHAVIORAL CHANGES

AGE WHEN THINKING ABOUT REDUCING

INVOLVEMENT

51% 16-18

VIOLENT ACTIVITIES IN

THE PAST 6 MONTHS


GRYD INTERVENTION INCIDENT RESPONSE & GANG CRIME

GRYD INCIDENT RESPONSE (IR) CHARACTERISTICSJanuary 1, 2014 – December 31, 2015 • Matched LAPD and GRYD IR data

ACTIONS TAKEN AND CONTACTS MADE IN THE FIRST 24 HRS FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

NUMBER OF INCIDENTS FOR WHICH GRYD IR WAS

NOTIFIED

NUMBER OF INCIDENTS WITH SOME TYPE OF ACTION TAKEN

BY GRYD IR

OF INCIDENTS WITH ACTION TAKEN, NUMBER OF INCIDENTS

INSIDE OF GRYD IR ZONES

1,536

792 (52%)

596 (75%)

TYPE OF INCIDENTS

65% Single Victim Shooting

9% Multiple Victim Shooting

2% Other

24% Homicide

TYPE OF INCIDENT 2014-2015

(N=792)

2014-2015 GRYD IR Regional Program Coordinators

2014-2015 GRYD IR Community Intervention Workers

PRIMARY ACTIONS TAKEN FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

PRIMARY ACTIONS TAKEN FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

PRIMARY CONTACT MADE FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

PRIMARY CONTACT MADE FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

%

%

%

%

96% Phone calls / Emails

15% Deployed to the scene, hospital, or community

12% Other actions

88% Deployed to the scene, hospital, or community

80% Phone calls / Emails

67% Canvassed the community / Outreach

59% Controlled the diffusion of rumors

35% Connected victim / Victim’s family to services

96% Contact LAPD

19% Other Contact

4% Contact Council Office

43% Contact Victim’s Family

31% Contact with Victim or Perpetrator’s Gang

30% Contact LAPD

12% Other Contact

6% Contact Council Office



DEFINING RETALIATORY GANG CRIMERetaliatory gang crimes are most frequently defined based on qualitative evidence such as knowledge about the suspects or victims involved and the history of interactions between individuals or groups. This research defines a retaliation in statistical terms as any gang crime that can be shown to be causally related to one more prior gang crimes. Non-retaliatory, background crimes are therefore gang crimes that are statistically independent of any prior event.

2014-2015 South Los Angeles GRYD IR ZonesALL GANG CRIMES

All gang aggravated assaults and homicides in South Los Angeles GRYD IR Zones

BACKGROUND Background gang aggravated

assaults and homicides.

RETALIATION EVENTS Retaliation gang aggravated

assaults and homicides.

79%

21%AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS

HOMICIDE

17% RetaliatoryPERCENTAGE OF INCIDENTS:

83% Background

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GRYD IR ON RETALIATORY GANG CRIME Between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015

LAPD recorded

6,646gang-related

crimes

GRYD IR recorded being notified of

1,078of these gang-related

crimes

AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS, ATTEMPTED ROBBERY, CRIMINAL HOMICIDE, SHOTS FIRED, ROBBERY, AND SHOTS FIRED AT DWELLINGS.


+

ESTIMATES OF THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF GANG RETALIATIONS WERE MADE FOR TWO SCENARIOS, BOTH INDICATING THAT WHEN NOTIFIED OF INCIDENTS,

GRYD IR has a measurable impact on the number of gang retaliations:

For every 100 gang crimes known to both LAPD + GRYD IR, there are an additional 13.5 retaliations known to LAPD alone.

For every 100 gang crimes known to LAPD + GRYD IR there are 0.2 additional retaliations known to both.

For every 100 gang crimes where GRYD IR is not notified of the initial incident, there are an additional 19.3 retaliations known to LAPD alone.

For every 100 gang crimes where GRYD IR is not notified of the initial incident, there are 4.8 additional retaliations known to both.

Summary of these findings is that when GRYD IR knows about the initial incident, retaliation is 30% less common.

Summary of these findings is that when GRYD IR knows about the initial incident, retaliation is 96% less common.

RETALIATORY INCIDENTS KNOWN ONLY TO THE LAPD

RETALIATORY INCIDENTS KNOWN ABOUT BY BOTH LAPD + GRYD IR

RETALIATORYINCIDENTS

-30%

RETALIATORYINCIDENTS

-96%


100GANGCRIMES

100GANGCRIMES

100GANGCRIMES

100GANGCRIMES

19.3RETALIATIONS THAT LAPD ALONE KNOWS ABOUT

13.5RETALIATIONS THAT LAPD ALONE KNOWS ABOUT

0.2RETALIATIONS THAT LAPD AND GRYD IR KNOW ABOUT

4.8RETALIATIONS THAT LAPD AND GRYD IR KNOW ABOUT

LAPD NOTIFIED

LAPD NOTIFIED

LAPD & GRYD IR NOTIFIED


+

+ +

+


$88.8 MILLION

$21.3 MILLION

THE COSTS OF GANG CRIME

$+ =10FEWER

HOMICIDES

175FEWER

AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS

The combined benefit of GRYD IR

citywide is estimated at more than

$110.2 MILLION

over two years.

Citywide, it is estimated that

GRYD IR prevented

185VIOLENT CRIMES

2014-2015

+For every 100 gang crime notifications received by LAPD + GRYD IR there are on average 13.6 violent retaliations.

For every 100 gang crimes where GRYD does not receive notification there are on average 24.0 violent retaliations.

Summary of these findings is that when GRYD IR knows about the initial incident, there are 43.2% fewer retaliations.

RETALIATORY INCIDENTS WHEN GRYD IR RECEIVES INITIAL INCIDENT NOTIFICATION

43.2%FEWER

RETALIATIONS

100GANGCRIMES

100GANGCRIMES

THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF VIOLENT RETALIATIONS IS

13.6

THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF VIOLENT RETALIATIONS IS

24.0LAPD NOTIFIED


+



GRYD SUMMER NIGHT LIGHTS (SNL) SNL OverviewFROM 2008-2016, THERE HAVE BEEN APPROXIMATELY

SNL 2016 A SUMMER OF TRANSFORMATIONS

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

MEALS SERVED

431,577

3,563,052MEALS SERVED

5,650,283SITE VISITS

SNL is held in 32 CITY PARKS historically impacted by gang-related violence

Operates between the hours of 7:00 PM TO 11:00 PM during summer months

Offers VIOLENCE REDUCTION programming and COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT activities

HEALTHY OPTIONS Such as turkey burgers,

chicken breast, low-sugar drink mix, and fresh produce.

CITYWIDE EMPLOYMENT TOTAL

827

359 SNL Youth Squad Members

253 Sports Officials

64 Site Coordinators

16 Cluster Coordinators

5 SNL Office Staff 88 Seasonal CIW

42 Artists

TOTAL SITE VISITS ESTIMATE

690,523VISIT AVERAGE

ESTIMATE AT 32 SNL SITES

21,578


PERC

ENT I

DENT

IFIED

AS A

PROB

LEM

PERC

ENT I

DENT

IFIED

AS A

PROB

LEM

GRYD SUMMER NIGHT LIGHTS (SNL) PROBLEMS FACED BY COMMUNITIESDuring community feedback forums at 5 parks, residents of the community attending SNL programming and Youth Squad hired for SNL for the summer of 2016 were asked to rate possible issues as being a “big problem”, a “minor problem”, or “not a problem” in the community.

HOME

LESS

NESS

DRUG

USE

DRINK

ING/AL

COHO

L

DRUG

SALE

S

GANG

INTIM

IDATIO

N

GANG

RECR

UITME

NT

FIGHT

S

ASSA

ULTS

DOME

STIC

VIOLE

NCE

SHOO

TINGS

SCHO

OL-B

ASED

VIOL

ENCE

HUMA

N/SEX

TRAF

FICKIN

G

GRAF

FITI *

HOME

LESS

NESS

DRUG

USE

DRINK

ING/AL

COHO

L

DRUG

SALE

S

GANG

INTIM

IDATIO

N

GANG

RECR

UITME

NT

FIGHT

S

ASSA

ULTS

DOME

STIC

VIOLE

NCE

SHOO

TINGS

SCHO

OL-B

ASED

VIOL

ENCE

HUMA

N/SEX

TRAF

FICKIN

G

GRAF

FITI *

HOME

LESS

NESS

DRUG

USE

DRINK

ING/AL

COHO

L

DRUG

SALE

S

GANG

INTIM

IDATIO

N

GANG

RECR

UITME

NT

FIGHT

S

ASSA

ULTS

DOME

STIC

VIOLE

NCE

SHOO

TINGS

SCHO

OL-B

ASED

VIOL

ENCE

HUMA

N/SEX

TRAF

FICKIN

G

GRAF

FITI *

100908070605040302010

100908070605040302010

Community Residents

Youth Squad

Community Intervention Workers (CIW)CIW were also asked about the main issues in and around SNL parks during focus groups.

PERCENT OF PROBLEM (MINOR OR BIG)

PERCENT OF PROBLEM (MINOR OR BIG)

CIW IDENTIFIED AS A GENERAL PROBLEM

CIW EXPRESSED SERIOUS CONCERN

100%

93%86% 82% 79% 78%

95%89% 85%

79%

*This category was not asked about from Community Residents nor Youth Squad.

TOP5

PRO BL E MS

TOP5

PRO BL E MS

This program helps you immediately;

it’s like a family

and you’re not alone. There’s always a solution to the problem and it give you more hope. It’s given my children and myself

more self-esteem. I have more self-esteem than I

used to.– PARENT PARTICIPANT

We don’t see them as case managers. We see them as family. They really care.

We receive a lot of support and help. It’s the trust that we have with them;

the support that they offer.– PARENT PARTICIPANT

It is life-changing. I came here to look for a job. They put me and my

husband in touch with someone...and we actually got to work. Now we have our house, a car –we’re doing really

well. I feel blessed and grateful for the program.– YOUTH PARTICIPANT

We trust our case managers

and they help us.– YOUTH PARTICIPANT

vital support

ongoing commitment

working with families

creating a community

I was going to quit school but

they encouraged

me to stay in.

– YOUTH PARTICIPANT

Let’s say I wanted to join a gang and be a gang member…

by going to this program it’ll like

help me by preventing that – not being a gangster.– YOUTH PARTICIPANT

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